Genetics Exam 4 Chapter 16 Human Ancestry and Evolution
Australopithecus garhi lived about _____ million years ago.
2.5
A hypothesized "first woman" (Eve) probably lived about _____ years ago.
200,000
In the evolutionary history of the earth, Homo sapiens probably first appeared approximately _____ years ago.
200,000
A study of certain nuclear genes in humans and chimpanzees shows that the two species differ in 5 percent of their DNA bases. Base substitution mutations occur at a rate of 1 percent per one million years. How many million years ago did these species diverge?
5
Which of the following represents the correct order, from oldest to most recent?
Aegyptopithecus, Australopithecus garhi, Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis
About 4 million years ago, _____ left the African forest to dwell in the grasslands.
Australopithecus
A 3.6 million-year-old partial skeleton, named Lucy, represents an individual who was a member of
Australopithecus afarensis.
Which of these is in the correct order, from oldest to most recent?
Australopithecus garhi, Homo erectus, Denisova hominin, Homo sapiens
Which of the following is true about the human and chimpanzee genomes?
Chimpanzees have DNA sequences in their genome that are not present in the human genome.
The most recent known habitat of Neanderthals was
Gibraltar.
_____ are ancestral to both apes and humans.
Hominids
The fossil records indicates that _____ lived in families of male-female pairs, used fire, and left evidence of social cooperation (lived communally).
Homo erectus
The first primates with an angled skull base that were probably able to make a wide range of sounds to aid speech were
Homo erectus.
Recently, fossils of a new species, called _____, were discovered in Indonesia. They were smaller than modern humans, had a small brain, but appeared to use tools.
Homo floresiensis
The first primates known for their extensive use of tools were
Homo habilis.
The type of hominid that was most likely to include mitochondrial Eve is
Homo sapiens idaltu.`
Otzi the Ice Man is a well preserved example of
Homo sapiens.
All of the following are classified as Homo EXCEPT
Orrorin tugenensis.
Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that modern humans and Neanderthals are separate species?
Sequenced Neanderthal genome parts are three times as different from the human genome as the least related humans are to each other.
Which of the following premises forms the basis of the concept of molecular evolution?
Species that have very similar DNA sequences probably share recent ancestors.
Modern Europeans and Asians have Neanderthal DNA sequence variants in their genome.
T
T/F Nariokotome Boy was one of the first H. erectus individuals described.
T
T/F Stone tools found with A. afarensis indicate these hominins sliced meat from bones.
T
T/F The Denisova hominin co-existed with ancestors of modern humans and the Neanderthals.
T
T/F We have DNA evidence of Neanderthals because they lived in cold areas, which preserved their genetic material.
T
Mitochondrial Eve was
an mtDNA sequence that could have given rise, by mutation, to all modern human mtDNA.
The human cytochrome c is identical to _____ cytochrome c.
chimpanzee
Human chromosome banding patterns match most closely those of
chimpanzees.
Evolutionary tree diagrams compare
conserved DNA sequences for which the rate of base substitution mutation is known.
Humans and chimps look and behave differently but are genetically so similar because of their differences in _____ rather than in genome sequence.
gene expression
A complication of molecular clock studies is that
genes mutate at different rates.
Haplogroups consist of
groups of SNPs that are linked on a chromosome.
Hominins are ancestral to
humans only.
The definition of an indigenous people is a group that
is the oldest in its geographical area and has retained its culture.
Mitochondrial DNA sequences are useful to track recent evolution because
it mutates faster than nuclear DNA.
Comparison of common chromosomal banding patterns between humans and 5 other species are given below. Based on these data, humans are least related to
mice: 7% common chromosome bands.
Otzi the Ice Man's genome most closely resembles that of
modern humans.
Differences between the amino acid sequence of human cytochrome c and that of 5 other species are given in the choices below. Based on these data, humans are most closely related to
pigeons: 12 amino acid differences.
An evolutionary tree is most likely to reflect reality if it
requires the fewest mutations.
39. Adam was certain that he had Native American ancestors, based on tales that his grandfather told of the family history. He is disappointed when he takes a genetic ancestry test by sending a saliva sample to a testing company, because it does not confirm what he believed to be true. Adam may actually indeed have Native American ancestors because
the DNA sequences identified in ancestry tests do not reflect input from all lineages.
An example of a single-gene trait that distinguishes humans from other primates is
the abundance of fetal hemoglobin in humans.
The fact that modern Native Americans share certain genetic markers with indigenous populations in southern Siberia, but not with others, is evidence that
the ancestors of modern Native Americans migrated from Siberia to the Americas.
A major way that the human genome differs from the genomes of other primates is that
the human genome has many duplicated regions compared to the other primate genomes.
Molecular clocks that are used to estimate the time when organisms diverged from a common ancestor are only effective when
the species being compare are not closely related.
