Genetics HW questions FINAL

balanced vs unbalanced A chromosome with a point mutation

balanced

DNA is introduced directly into the body in --- gene therapy, which is the most invasive type of gene therapy

in vivo

-- the order of a segment of a chromosome is reversed

inversion

a test incorporates the results of genetic tests and information about diet, exercise, and lifestyle habits

nutrigenetic

a cell with an extra chromosome sets is

polyploid

Oncogenes

-activation causes cancer -cancer entails a gain of function -activation is usually associated with a point mutation, translocation, or inversion

Which of the following are services of genetic advisors

-construct a pedigree based on information provided by the family -arrangement for testing for genetic disorders -discuss the results of genetic tests -information about support group services

Which of the following events can result in the development of cancer

-dedifferentiation -activation of cancer stem cells - increase in the proportion of stem cells within a tissue -defective tissue repair

Which complications of gene therapy can be overcome by the CRISPR - Cas9 system

-immune response to viral vectors -retroviruses activating oncogenes -inserted genes disrupting off target genes

Tumor suppressor genes

-inactivation causes cancer -cancer entails a loss of function -often inactivated by a point mutation or deletion

Which of the following are typical characteristics of cancer cells

-loss of cell cycle control - dedifferentiated -lack of contact inhibition -can induce blood vessel formation

What are the benefits of using genetic testing to aid drug selection for pt?

-pt prognosis can be predicted -response to drug can be predicted -response to the drug can be monitored

Treatments that alter phenotype

-removal of affected body part -replacement of an affected body part with material from a donor -treatment of diabetes with human insulin -enzyme replacement therapy for lysosomal storage disease -substrate reduction therapy

F/T All tumors are cancerous

False

Cancer cells can result from a failure of

a cell cycle checkpoint

--- fragment does not have a centromere

acentric

A cell with a single extra chromosome or missing chromosome

aneuploid

balanced vs unbalanced A chromosome with an inversion

balanced

A tumor suppressor gene mutation that causes cancer is usually a

deletion

In a --- part of a chromosome is missing

deletion

--- chromosome has two centromeres

dicentric

test is one that is available to general public without input from a physician or genetic counselor

direct to consumer

--- part of a chromosome is present twice

duplication

A cell with normal chromosome number

eupliod

cells altered outside the body and then influenced in --- gene therapy

ex vivo

Activation of proto- oncogene into oncogene could occur due to a mutation or change in the --- of the wild type gene

expression

F/T Cancer begins when a cell divides less frequently than it should

false

F/T Changes in chromosome number, deletion, and duplication can cause cancer, but point mutations cannot cause cancer

false

F/T Chromosomes in cancer cells exists in normal numbers

false

F/T Duplication of a chromosomes in a cancer cell reduces the copies of an oncogene

false

F/T Most cancers are the result of a single gene change

false

F/T Most causes of cancer are caused by normal chromosomes

false

F/T Most causes of cancer arise from inheriting a cancer susceptibility allele from a parent

false

F/T Ocogenes cause cancer when they are inactivated

false

Cancer susceptibility is passed onto future generations when a --- mutation has occurred

germline

DNA of a gamete or fertilized ovum is altered in ---- gene therapy

germline

--- is a chromosome with two identical arms

isochromosome

Which technique is used the most with newborn screening tests

mass spectrometry

--- one chromosome is missing

monosomy

--- inversion, the inveresion does not include the centromere

paracentric

--- inversion, the centromere is with the inverted region

pericentric

Test detects a variants of multiple genes or gene expression patterns that affect drug metabolism

pharmacogenetics

test detects a variant of a single gene that affects drug metabolism

pharmacogenetics

Genes that normally stimulate cell division when it is appropriate are called

proto-oncogenes

--- is a method of treatment that causes adverse effects by harming healthy human cells

radiation

--- translocation, two different chromosomes exchange parts

reciprocal

Treatments that alter genotype

replacement of a mutant allele through gene therapy

--- chromosome forms when a chromosome loses its telomeres and ends fuse

ring

---- translocation, the long arms of acrocentric chromosomes fuse to form a single long chromosome

robertsonian

A mutation that occurs in cells that do not develop into gametes is called an -- mutation

somatic

DNA is altered only in cells that are affected with an illness in --- gene therapy. This type of therapy is noninhertiable

somatic

Sporadic cancer is due to --- mutations

somatic

the oldest approach to treating cancer is

surgery

Cancer cells often have longer telomeres due to reactivation of the enzyme

telomerase

Traditional treatments for cancer, such as radiation and chemotherapy are effective because

they kill rapidly dividing cells

--- parts of two chromosomes have been exchanged

translocation

A fusion protein can be produced due to --- of a proto - oncogene to a site next to another gene

translocation

--- an extra copy of one chromosome

trisomy

F/T A mutation present in all stages of a tumor acts early in the disease process

true

F/T Chromosome in cancer cells may bear translocation

true

F/T Chromothripsis shatters several chromosomes and may kill the cell - or trigger cancer

true

F/T Somatic cells may develop mutations in cancer causing genes

true

F/T The older a tumor is, the more genetic changes it will have

true

F/T The process of tumor spreading is called metastasis

true

F/T Translocation that join part of nonhomologous chromosomes turn genes into oncogenes

true

RB1 and p53 are

tumor suppressors

-- is targeted based on genetic information

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

balanced vs unbalanced A chromosome with a deletion

unbalanced

balanced vs unbalanced A chromosome with a duplication

unbalanced

balanced vs unbalanced A chromosome with an extra piece of another chromosome due to translocation

unbalanced