Genetics Module 4 Quiz 2

The cause of p53-related cancers is

failure to repair damaged DNA, allowing the cell to continue dividing.

Use the terms provided to label the chromosome in the diagram.

Herbicides, fungicides, fumigants, cooked red meat

Which of the following characteristics are typical of cancer cells?

Loss of cell cycle control Dedifferentiated Lack contact inhibition Can induce blood vessel formation

Determine whether each description pertains to oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Drag and drop each description to the appropriate category.

Oncogenes: Activation causes cancer, cancer entails gain-of-function, Activation is usually associated with a point mutation, translocation, or inversion Tumor suppressor genes: inactivation causes cancer, cancer entails a loss-of-function, often inactivated by a point mutation or deletion

The type of chromosome abnormality that yields a long chromosome consisting of most of two acrocentric chromosomes is a(n)

Robertsonian translocation.

In humans, the most frequently seen autosomal aneuploid is

trisomy 21

The meiotic error that results in aneuploid cells is

nondisjunction

1. All tumors are cancerous. 2. The process of a tumor spreading is called metastasis. t 3. Most cases of cancer arise from inheriting a cancer susceptibility allele from a parent. 4. Somatic cells may develop mutations in cancer-causing genes. 5. Cancer begins when a cell divides less frequently than it should. 6. Oncogenes cause cancer when they are inactivated.

1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False 6. False

A cell with a single extra chromosome or missing chromosome is _______. In a(n) _________, part of a chromosome is missing. In ________, there is an extra copy of one chromosome. A cell with a normal chromosome number is __________. In a(n) _________, the order of a segment of a chromosome is reversed. In ___________, one chromosome is missing. In a(n) ___________, parts of two chromosomes have been exchanged. A cell with extra chromosome sets is _________. A(n) ____________is a chromosome with two identical arms. In a(n) ____________, part of a chromosome is present twice.

1. aneuploid 2. deletion 3. trisomy 4. euploid 5. inversion 6. monosomy 7. translocation 8. polyploid 9. isochromosome 10. duplication

1. Cancer susceptibility is passed onto future generations when a(n) _________mutation has occurred. 2. A mutation that occurs in cells that do not develop into gametes is called a(n) ________mutation. 3. Cancer cells often have longer telomeres due to reactivation of the enzyme _________. 4. Cancer can result from a failure of ___________ 5. Sporadic cancer is due to _________ mutations.

1. germline 2. somatic 3. telomerase 4. a cell cycle checkpoint 5. somatic

Spindle fibers (microtubules) attach to a chromosome's _____ during mitosis.

Centromere

Match syndromes to their corresponding karyotypes

Turner=45, XO/ Jackobs=47, XXY/ Klinefelter=47, XYY

Use the terms provided to label the chromosome in the diagram. Counter clockwise starting from top left

p arm centromere q arm sister chromatids telomeres

Chromosomes are described based on the centromere's position. Use the terms provided to label each of the chromosomes shown.Left to right.

telocentric acrocentric p arm(top) q arm submetacentric metacentric