Genetics Multiple Choice Final

True breeding tall plants with purple flowers are crossed to true breeding dwarf plants with white flowers. The F1 plants were tall with purple flowers. The genes that affect these traits independently assort. If the F1 plants were bred to dwarf plants with white flowers the expected ratio of the F2 generation would be -3 tall/purple flowers: 1 dwarf/white flower -9 tall/purple flowers: 3 tall/purple flowers: 3 dwarf/purple flowers: 1 dwarf/purple flowers -9 tall/ purple flowers: 3 tall/white flowers: 3 dwarf/purple flowers:1 dwarf/white flowers - 1: tall/white flowers: 1 tall/purple flower: 1 dwarf/white flowers: 1 dwarf/purple flower

- 1: tall/white flowers: 1 tall/purple flower: 1 dwarf/white flowers: 1 dwarf/purple flower

Which of the following statements is not directly associated with the law of segregation -AaBb individuals will always produce 25% AB gametes, 25% AB gametes, 25% aB gametes, and 25% ab gametes -Aa individuals produce 50% A gametes and 50% a gametes - segregation occurs in anaphase I and II of meiosis - if two genes are on separate chromosomes then the way that gene A segregates will n to have any influence upon the way that gene B segregates -a cross between two heterozygous individuals will produce a 3:1 phenotypic ration in the next generation

- segregation occurs in anaphase I and II of meiosis - if two genes are on separate chromosomes then the way that gene A segregates will n to have any influence upon the way that gene B segregates -a cross between two heterozygous individuals will produce a 3:1 phenotypic ration in the next generation

If genes A and B are coupled and 25 can apart from each other which of the following statements are true - all individuals will go through recombination - the most common gametes with be A b -12.5% of the gametes will carry a B -there will be more A B gametes than there are a B

-12.5% of the gametes will carry a B -there will be more A B gametes then there are a B

A newly discovered species of dung beetle has 2n=16 chromosomes. It makes with a closely related beetle species that had 2n=12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would there be in an allotriploid beetle produced from this cross? -19 or 25 -20 or 22 -18or 24 -36 or 48 -13 or 17

-18 or 24

If the transcribed mRNA is 5'-AUGCUCGGUGACGAUU-3', what was the template strand of DNA? -3'UACGAGCACUGCUAA-5' -5'ATGCTCGTGACGATT-3' -3'ATGCTCGTGACGATT-5' -5'AUGCUCGUGACGAUU-3' -3'TACGAGCACTGCTAA-5'

-3'TACGAGCACTGCTAA-5'

In a cross between AABbCcDD and AABbCcDD, what proportion of the offspring would be expected to be A_B_C_D_? -3/256 -3/8 -3/16 -3/4 -3/32

-3/8

Any sample of DNA contains _____ percent purines -59 -10 -25 -the amount depends upon the organism from which the DNA came -100

-50

There are ____ different types of codons in the genetic code, each codon is ___ nucleotides long. -64:2 -16:4 -16:2 -64:3 -16:3

-64:3

In addition to showing that DNA carries genetic information, the experiments of Avery, McCleod, and McCarty demonstrated that -DNA may be taken up by bacterial cells and be active -DNA is present in bacteriophage -eukaryotic cells may be genetically transformed -DNA binds to the cell wall of the bacterium -DNA is a double helix

-DNA may be taken up by bacterial cells and be active

Regardless of the environmental conditions, which of the following would always result in expression of the lac operon? -IsP+OcZ+Y+ -I+P-OcZ+Y+ -I+P+OcZ+Y+ -ISP+O+Z+Y+

-IsP+OcZ+Y+ -I+P+OcZ+Y+

Which of the following statements is true? -the probability of two or more independent events occluding together is calculated by multiplying their independent probabilities -when there are two different ways of arriving at the same answer, you may simply add the individual probabilities together -the probability of a woman giving birth to three girls in a row is 1/8 -the chi-squared test is used to determine if observed outcomes are consistent with expected outcomes

-The probability of two or more independent events occurring together is calculated by multiplying their independent probabilities -the probability of a woman giving birth to three girls in a row is 1/8 -the chi-squared test is used to determine if observed outcomes are consistent with expected outcomes

Which of the following statements is always true? -alleles segregate during the formation of gametes -there are two alleles of every gene -heterozygotes always show the dominant phenotype -genes on different chromosomes will assort independently -individuals with specific genotype will have a specific phenotype

-alleles segregate during the formation of gametes -genes on different chromosomes will assort independently

Transfer RNA -have a lifespan on the order of minutes -can be longer than 1000 nucleotides -determine the order of amino acids in proteins -are less than 100 nucleotides long -carry amino acids to the ribosomes -make up the ribosomes

-are less than 100 nucleotides long -carry amino acids to the ribosome

Eukaryotic introns -can vary in size -are always removed by spliceosome made of snurps -can be identified by consensus sequences at their beginning and end -may act as enhancer sequences that influence initiation of transcription contain sequences that well be converted into amino acids during translation -are worthless junk sequences

-can vary in size -can be identified by consensus sequences at their beginning and end -may act as enhancer sequences that influence initiation of transcription

Interference -causes is to underestimate the distance between two genes -is more likely to occur at the ends of the chromosome -is more likely to occur near the centromere -caused us to overestimate the distance between two genes

-causes is to underestimate the distance between two genes -is more likely to occur at the ends of the chromosome

Which of these statements about polish are true? -animals with sex chromosomes are more likely to tolerate polyploidy -certain tissues of an organism can be polyploidy while the rest are diploid -plants are more tolerant of polyploidy because they can reproduce asexually polyploidy results in an organism that is smaller and less vigorous

-certain tissues of an organism can be polyploid while the rest is diploid -plants are more tolerant of polyploid because they can reproduce asexually

During PCR what is the order of events in a single cycle -denaturing of the DNA template, synthesis of the complementary DNA strands, Annealing of the primers -denaturing of the DNA template, annealing of the primers, synthesis of complementary DNA strands -synthesis of the complementary DNA strands, denaturing of the DNA template, annealing of the primers -annealing of the primers, denaturing of the DNA template, synthesis of the complementary DNA strands

-denaturing of the DNA template, annealing of the primers, synthesis of complementary DNA strands

Codominant alleles are expressed in individuals that re -penetrant -heterozygous -mutually exclusive -polymorphic -homozygous

-heterozygous

What type of bond connects two complementary nucleotides -covalent -phosphodiester -ionic -hydrogen -peptide

-hydrogen

A prokaryotic gene is composed of 20% cytosine. What percentage of mRNA coded for by this gene should be uracil? -it is impossible to determine without knowing the composition of the template strand -15 -30 -40

-it is impossible to determine without knowing the composition of the template strand

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II is responsible for synthesizing -tRNA -small rRNA -large rRNA -mRNA -snRNA

-mRNA -snRNA

Eukaryotic promoters -always have the same sequence -are more simple than prokaryotic promoters -may include sequences more than 1000 nucleotides upstream from the transcriptional start site -are composed of a core promoter and regulatory promoter -contain a -35 and -10 box consensus sequence -may include sequences downstream of the transcriptional start site

-may include sequences more than 1000 nucleotides upstream from the transcriptional start site -are composed of a core promoter and regulatory promoter -may include sequences downstream of the transcriptional start site

The following statement can be correctly applied to which of the following stages of cell division: sister chromatids separate during ____ -meiosis I anaphase -meiosis II anaphase -meiosis I prophase -mitosis anaphase -meiosis II prophase -mitosis prophase

-meiosis II anaphase -mitosis anaphase

A nucleotide contains a penthouse sugar, a phosphate group, and a(n) -acid -amino acid -nitrogen-containing base -liquid -glycerol

-nitrogen-containing base

True breeding fruit flies with singed bristles (s) and long wings(L) were mated with pure breeding flies with normal bristles (S) and vestigial(l) wings. The F1 offspring all had normal bristles and long wings. These F1 were mated with flies with singed bristles and vestigial wings. Which phenotypic classes will be recombinant -singed bristles and long wings -normal bristles and vestigial wings -normal bristles and long wings -singed bristles and vestigial wings

-normal bristles and long wings -singed bristles and vestigial wings

Frameshift mutations -occur when DNA polymerase makes a mistake when copying long stretches of the same nucleotides -usually produce nonfunctional proteins -are caused by UV light -change many codons

-occur when DNA polymerase makes a mistake when copying long stretches of the same nucleotides -usually produce nonfunctional proteins -change many codons

Which of the following landmarks are typically found in a prokaryotic gene coding for mRNA? -sequences that will produce an open reading frame are uninterrupted within the RNA coding region -sequences that will be recognized by slurps are found in the RNA coding region -a sequence composed of T and A is found approximately 10 not upstream of the transcriptional start site -the start codon begins at the +1 position -an inverted repeat sequence is found downstream of the stop codon -a portion of the promoter is found 50 to 200 nucleotides upstream of the transcriptional start site

-sequences that will produce an open reading frame are uninterrupted within the RNA coding region -a sequence composed of T and A I sound approximately 10 nt upstream of the transcriptional start site -an inverted repeat sequence is found downstream of the stop codon

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic promoters are true? -if the RNA polymerase binds to a eukaryotic promoter, transcription will take place -sequences within the eukaryotic promoter serves as the binding location for proteins called general transcription factors -eukaryotic promoters are larger than prokaryotic promoters -eukaryotic promoter sequences are only found upstream of the transcriptional start site -mutations in the eukaryotic promoter may not completely eliminate the occurrence of transcription, they will reduce its efficiency -eukaryotic promoters are composed of two consensus sequences

-sequences within the eukaryotic promoter serves as the binding location for proteins called general transcription factors -eukaryotic promoters are larger than prokaryotic promoters -mutations in eukaryotic promoter may not completely eliminate the occurrence of transcription, they will reduce its efficiency

Given the following biochemical pathway in which the letters represent chemical substances. In the pathway and numbers represent enzymes that catalyze the reactions represented by the arrows. Additionally substance D is required for the proper growth of a cell: A->1->B->2->C->3->D if a cell has a mutation that prevents enzyme 3 from functioning then you would expect -the addition of large amounts of A to result in the accumulation of large amounts of C -the addition of D to result in growth -the addition of B to result in growth -the addition of A to result in growth the addition of large amounts of A to result in the accumulation of large amounts of B -the addition of C to result in growth

-the addition of large amounts of A to result in the accumulation of large amounts of C -the addition of D to result in growth

Given this double stranded DNA molecule: 5'——top——3' 3'——bottom—5' -the bottom strand could be used as the template with transcription going left to right -the top strand could be used as the template with transcription going from left to right -the bottom strand could be used as the template with transcription going from right to left -the top strand could be used as the template with transcription going from right to left

-the bottom strand could be used as the template with transcription going left to right -the top strand could be used as the template with transcription going from right to left

Why is it important that mRNA of eukaryotes receive the 5' cap and rRNA and tRNA do not? -none of these are correct -mRNA is produced through transcription but rRNA and tRNA are not -mRNA is processed but rRNA and tRNA are not -mRNA must leave the nucleus but rRNA and tRNA do not -the cap serves as a signal for the binding of the ribosomes, but ribosomes do not bind in the same way to rRNA or tRNA

-the cap serves as a signal for the binding of the ribosomes, but ribosomes do not bind in the same way to rRNA or tRNA

If a bacterium has wild type alleles of all the components of the lac operon and the cell is growing in media that contains the sugar lactose but no glucose, which of the following statements are true? -the cell will be producing functional beta galactosidase enzyme -the cell will be carrying out transcription at its highest rate -CAP will bind to CAP site -the repressor proteins will bind to allolactose, preventing it from binding to the operator -cAMP levels in the cell will be low

-the cell will be producing functional beta galactosidase enzyme -the cell will be carrying out transcription at its highest rate -CAP will bind to CAP site -the repressor proteins will bind to allolactose, preventing it from binding to the operator

Which of the following statements are true of all DNA polymerases in E.coli? -the enzyme synthesizes DNA strands in a 5' to 3' direction -the enzyme adds dNTP to growing DNA strand -the enzyme requires the presence of a 3' OH group to add new nucleotides to -the enzyme is able to act as a 3' to 5' exonuclease -the enzyme synthesis DNA strand in a 3' to 5' direction -the enzyme is able to act as a 5' to 3' exonuclease

-the enzyme synthesizes DNA strands in a 5' to 3' direction -the enzyme adds dNTP to growing DNA strand -the enzyme requires the presence of a 3' OH group to add new nucleotides to -the enzyme is able to act as a 3' to 5' exonuclease

Which of the following limit the effectiveness of linkage mapping? -the fact that genes on the same chromosome can be more than 50cM apart -the number of morphological markers -the influence of heterochromatin can cause interference -the number of molecular markers -having genes really close together

-the fact that genes on the same chromosome can be more than 50cM apart -the number of morphological markers -the influence of heterochromatin can cause interference

Which of the following will influence the number of gametes carrying chromosomes that have undergone recombination -the fact that one of the chromosomes has undergone an inversion between two linked genes -whether the genes are coupled or in repulsion -the fact that one of the chromosomes has undergone a deletion in the same space between two linked genes - the fact that one of the chromosomes has undergone a deletion in the space between two linked genes -the distance between linked genes -independent assortment

-the fact that's one of the chromosomes has undergone an inversion between two linked genes -the fact that one of the chromosomes has undergone a deletion in the space between two linked genes -the distance between linked genes

Assume that an individual of AaBb genotype is testcrossed and four classes of test Ross progeny are found in equal frequencies. Which of the following statements are true? -the genes A and B are on the same chromosomes and very far apart -the genes A and B are on the same chromosome and closely linked -the genes A and B are likely located on different chromosomes -the genes A and B are probably 10 and 20 map units apart on the same chromosome

-the genes A and B are on the same chromosome and very far apart - the genes A and B are likely located on different chromosomes

Which of the following statements are true regarding the genetic distances within a linkage group -the genetic distance is dependent upon the crossover frequency between paired nonsister chromatids -the genetic distance cannot be determined -genetic distance is measured in units related to recombination frequency -the genetic distance cannot exceed 100 map units

-the genetic distance is dependent upon the crossover frequency between pairs nonsister chromatids -genetic distance is measured in u it's related to recombination frequency

Taq polymerase is used in PCR reactions -to synthesize the primers -to separate the strands of template DNA -to synthesize new strands of DNA -because it is thermostable

-to synthesize new strands of DNA -because it is thermostable

Hemophilia is an example of an x linked recessive trait. If a normal male mates with a female hemophiliac, what is the probability that a make child will be phenotypically normal? -50% -0% -25% -75% -100%

0%

Approximately _____ of the gametes produced by an individual heterozygous for a translocation will be no viable -all -1/2 -1/4 -1/8

1/2

Hemophilia, type A, is an X-linked recessive trait. A mother without hemophilia and a father with hemophilia have a daughter with hemophilia. They have a son named Rodger. If we tested Rodger's blood the likelihood that he has hemophilia, type a is -1/2 -1/4 -1/3 -1/8 -3/4

1/2

The chance of a women with Down's syndrome having a child with Down's syndrome is -1/4 -1/2 -impossible to determine -3/4 -1/3

1/2

Imagine a group of cells cultured in growth media containing radioactive nucleotides. The cells are cultured for enough time so that all of the DNA strands are saturated with these radioactive nucleotides. Now imagine that the cells are harvested and transferred to a growth media contains non radioactive nucleotides. What fraction of the double stranded DNA molecules will contain radioactivity after three rounds of DNA replication? -1/4 -1/3 -0 -1/2 -1/8

1/4

Genes C and D are linked on the same chromosome and 14 map units apart from each other. An indivisible CCDD is mated to its an individual ccdd. The F1 offspring are mated with a tester and 400 offspring are produced. How many of these offspring should b CcDd -172 -28 -344 -56 -100

172

Consider the code words for Isoleucine(ILE). What is the minimum number of tRNA that are needed for this amino acid, allowing for the possibility of wobble but assuming that the anticodon does not contain modified bases. -4 -3 -1 -2

2

In a certain species of plant flowers occur in three colors blue pink and white. A pure breeding pink plant is mated with a pure breeding white plant. All of the F1 are blue. When the blue F1 plants are selfed the F2 occur in the ratio 9 blue 3 pink 4 white. How many gene pairs control the flower color phenotype -4 -2 -3 -0 -1

2

A newly discovered species of dung beetle had 2n=16 chromosomes. It mated with a closet related beetle species that has 2n=12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would there be in an amphidiploid nettle produced from this cross? -14 -12 or 16 -28 -32 -24

28

Genes C and D are linked on the same chromosome and 14 map units apart from each other. And individual CCDD is mated with and individual ccdd. The F1 offsprings are mated with a tester and 400 offspring are produced. How many of these offspring should be Ccdd? -100 -344 -72 -28 -56

28

All DNA polymerases synthesize new DNA by adding nucleotides to the ____ of the growing DNA chain -3'OH -3" phosphate -5"OH -5' phosphate

3'OH

By doing multiple test crossed researchers have determined that apples have 17 linkage groups. How many chromosome would you expect to find in a leaf cell of an apple tree? -2 -17 -68 -34

34

The enzyme EcoR1 is a 6 Bo cutter. Assuming that the sequence of nucleotides is randomized if you expose EcoR1 to a piece of DNA 20 kb in size you would expect ____ cuts to be made -50 -5 -1 -20 -100

5

Where would you find the following ribosome going through translation: a tRNA carrying multiple amino acids -in the P site -A and P sites -in the E and P sites -in the A site -in the E site

A and P site

Which of the following statements is false? -an allele is a version of a gene -a chromosome carries many genes -a true breeding individual is homozygous -a homozygote has different alleles for a given gene

A homozygote has different alleles for a given gene

The tRNA moves between three sites along the ribosome: A,E, and P. In chronological order, what is the pattern of the residence of a given tRNA molecule at those sites? -P, then E, then P -A, then E, then P -E, then P, then A -P, then A, then E -A, then P, then E

A, then P, then E

Which of the following is not a mechanism used in eukaryotes to regulate gene expression? -regulating access of the ribosome to the 5' UTR -regulating the splicing of exons -regulating the acetylation of histones -regulating the movement of the mRNA out of the nucleus -allowing contact between proteins bound to the regulatory promoter and the mediator -all of the options are mechanisms used in eukaryotes

All are mechanisms used in eukaryotes

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of human traits that follow an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern - parents of affected children may be phenotypically normal -they appear equally in males and females -when affected individuals marry phenotypically normal individuals, their children are often phenotypically normal -all are typical of autosomal recessive pedigrees -they often skip generations

All are typical of autosomal recessive pedigrees

You are studying body color in an African spider and have found that it is controlled by a single gene with four alleles: B brown br red bg green and by yellow. B is dominant to all other alleles and by is recessive to all other alleles. The bg allele is dominant to by but recessive to br. You cross a pure breeding brown spider with a green spider. Predict the phenotype of the progeny. -all green -1/2 brown 1/2 green -3/4 brown 1/4 green - all brown

All brown

Which of the following plants is the most likely to be fertile? -a triploid -an allotetraploid -an allodiploid -a monoploid

An allotetraploid

RNA molecules that are complementary to particular sequences on mRNA are called -ribozymes -sense RNA -complementary RNA -riboswitches -antisense RNA

Antisense RNA

In order to determine if two mutations from different organisms that show the same phenotype are due to mutations in different genes or if they are simply alleles of mutations in the same gene you would perform a ___? -biochemical test -complementation test -allergic series test -epistasis test -test cross

Complementation test

Antibodies are to western blots as ____ are to northern blots -secondary antibodies -DNA probes -proteins -RNA

DNA probes

A gene present on a vector that allows researchers to eliminate all individuals that do not carry the vector is known as -origin of replication -reported genes -a polylinker -multicloning site -dominant selectable marker

Dominant selectable marker

Which of the following terms is least relevant to the assembly of basal transcription apparatus for transcription? -general transcription factor —core promoter -RNA polymerase -enhancer

Enhancer

In Arabidopsis FLD (a dacetylase enzyme) stimulates flowering . Which of the following is true? -FLD deacetylates histones that bind to FLC gene, causing repression of FLC transcription -LD causes repression of FLC translation -FLD deaceylates histones surrounding FLD gene, causing suppression of FLD transcription -FLD deacetylates histones that bind to regions of FLC gene and stimulates its transcription

FLD deacetylates histones that bind to FLC genes, causing repression of FLC transcription

Which of the following kinds of mutations is most likely to be null loss-of-function? -transition -transversion -frameshift -induced -missense

Frameshift

Assuming the sequences below are found in the non template strand of DNA in the ORF of a gene, which mutations would be classified as a nonsense mutation? -TGT to TGC -TAA to TAC -AAA to AGA -GAA to TAA -CGA to CGC

GAA to TAA

Which of the following features is primarily responsible for rho protein to cause termination of transcription? -helicase activity -migrating behind RNA polymerase -polymerase activity -recognizing unstructured RNA -RNA binding activity

Helicase activity

There is a free ____ group at the 3' end of a DNA molecule -phosphate -hydroxyl -pyrophosphate -methyl -ethyl

Hydroxyl

An operon controlled by a repressor. When the repressor binds to a small molecule, it binds to DNA near the operon. The operon is constitutively expressed if a mutation prevents the repressor from binding the small molecule. This is an example of a ____ operon. -positive repressible -positive inducible -negative repressible -negative inducible

Negative inducible

The stop codon codes for -halt enzyme -methionine -glycine -no amino acid

No amino acid

If a man with AB blood marries a woman with B type blood what blood types can their children not have -O -B -AB -A

O

Choose the type of control illustrated by GAL4 in the control of genes for yeast galactose-metabolizing enzymes. -positive repressible -positive inducible -negative repressible -negative inducible

Positive inducible

The stage in meiosis in which chromosomes synapse is -anaphase I -metaphase II -prophase II -prophase I -metaphase I

Prophase I

The stage of meiosis in which chromosomes pair and cross over is -prophase II -anaphase I -metaphase II -metaphase I -prophase I

Prophase I

DNA replication can be described as _____ -semi conservative -progressive -conservative -dispersive

Semi conservative

During anaphase of mitosis -sister chromatids remain connected at the centromere -homologous chromosomes migrate towards opposite poles of the cell -the cell transitions from being diploid to haploid -sister chromatids migrate towards opposite poles of the cells

Sister chromatids migrate towards opposite poles of the cells

The technique used to transfer nuclei acids to a nylon or nitrocellulose membrane is known as -SNP -southern blotting -PCR -CAPS

Southern blotting

To evaluate whether two genes are linked an individual heterzygous for both genes is mated with a tester and chi square analysis is performed. The hypothesis for this analysis is -that the genes are linked and that independent assortment will occur -that the genes are linked and that independent assortment will not occur -that the genes are not linked and independent assortment will not occur -that the genes are not linked and independent assortment will occur

That the genes are not linked and independent assortment will occur

If a deletion occurs in a gene that encodes DNA polymerase I and no functional DNA polymerase I is produced. What will be the most likely consequence of this mutation? -there would be no DNA replication on the leading or lagging strands -the DNA strands would contain pieces of RNA -the DNA would not exist in a supercooled state -there would be no RNA primers laid down

The DNA strands would contain pieces of RNA

In Labrador retriever black coat is dominant to brown. Suppose that a black lab is mated with a brown one and all the offspring are 4 black puppies and 1 brown. What can you conclude about the genotype of the black parent? - the genotype could be either BB or Bb -the genotype cannot be determined from these data -the genotype must be BB -the genotype must be Bb -the genotype must be bb

The genotype must be Bb

If two purebred individuals of different phenotypes were mated to produce an F1 heterozygote, and the F1 individuals are mated to produce F2 progeny with a 12:3:1 phenotypic ratio, explain this ratio -The phenotype is controlled by two genes and the presence of one dominant allele for both genes produces one phenotype individuals that are homozygous recessive for one gene but have at least one dominant allele of the other have a second phenotype and those that are homozygous recessive for both genes have the third phenotype -the phenotype is controlled by one gene and we are seeing an example of codominance - the phenotype is controlled by two genes and the presence of one dominant allele of one gene makes the genotype of the second gene irrelevant -the phenotype is controlled by one gene and the heterozygous are showing an intermediate phenotype -the phenotype is controlled by two genes and if an individual is

The phenotype is controlled by two genes and the presence of one dominant allele of one gene makes the genotype of the second gene irrelevant

The specificity of a PCR reaction is determined by -the sequence of the oligonucleotide primers -the annealing temperature -the extension temperature -the denaturing temperature

The sequence of the oglionucleotide primers

Which of the following statements about somatic mutations is false? -they may be inherited by daughter cells after cell division -they may result from both frameshift and base-pair mutations -they may result in inactive gene products of the mutated gene -some may give rise to cancers in humans and other animals -they may be inherited in the offspring of mutated individuals

They may be inherited in the offspring of mutated individuals

Why are polylinkers necessary to make a DNA library -to prevent the insert DNA from being degraded -to provide restriction sites to clone the insert DNA into the vector -to link multiple insert DNA molecules together -to allow the insert DNA to be amplified during PCR

To provide restriction sites to clone the insert DNA into the vector

A gene that codes for a regulatory product that can diffuse through the cytoplasm or nucleus, influencing the expression of the other genes is ____ acting. -cis -trans -negative -positive

Trans

How are trisomy and triploidy different? -trisomics have 3 copies of all chromosomes while triploids have 3 copies of one set of chromosomes -trisomics have 3 copies of one set while triploids have 3 copies of every chromosome -trisomics are always sterile while triploids are not -trisomics are an example of polyploidy and triploidy is an example of a rip lousy -triploidy is usually lethal while trisomy is not

Trisomics have 3 copies of one set while triploids have 3 copies of every chromosome

An inducoble gene is transcribed when a specific substance (environmental signal) is present. -true -false

True

In the absence of allolactose the lac operon is constitutively transcribed. -true -false

True

The chromatin structure of a eukaryotic chromosome includes proteins other than histones proteins. -true -false

True

The phenomenon of "independent assortment" refers to -association of an RNA and a protein implying related function -expression at the same stage of development -independent location of genes from each other in an interphase cell -unlinked transmission of genes in crosses resulting from being located on different chromosomes, or far apart on the same chromosome -association of a protein and a DNA sequence implying related function

Unlinked transmission of genes in crosses resulting from being located on different chromosomes , or far apart on the same chromosome

Polydactyls is the condition of having extra fingers or toes. Some polydactylous persons possess extra fingers or toes that are fully functional whereas others possess only a small tag of extra skin. This is an example of - independent assortment -complete dominance -variable expressivity -complementation -cytoplasmic inheritance

Variable expessivity

An individual that is homozygous for a oss of function mutation in the telomerase gene -would lose some of its genetic material with every round of cell division -would have chromosomes that get longer and longer with each generation -would have extended lifespan -would fail to initiate replication -would be unable to unwind the two strands of DNA during DNA replication

Would lose some of its genetics material with every round of cell division

Hair color is determined in Labrador retrievers by alleles at the B and E loci. A dominant allele B encodes black pigment whereas a recessive allele b encodes brown pigment. Alleles at a second locus affect the deposition of the pigment of the pigment in the shaft of the hair dominant allele E allows dark pigment (black or brown) to be deposited whereas recessive allele e prevents the deposition of dark pigment causing the hair to be yellow. A black female Labrador retriever was matted with a yellow male. Half of the puppies are black and half were yellow. If the genotype of the black female parent was BbEe then what was the genotype of the father? -eeBB -EEbb -eebb -EEBB -eeBb

eebb

A gene showing codominance -has alleles tightly linked in same chromosome -has alleles expressed at the same time in development -has both alleles expressed independently in the heterozygous -has one allele dominant to the other -has alleles that are recessive to each other

has both alleles expressed independently in the heterozygous