GEO CH 15 Oceans
A coastline is more likely to consist of a tidal flat than a beach if ___________? a.; the shore is protected from strong waves; b.; the shore is exposed to strong waves; c.; the shore is in a warm climate; d.; the shoreline runs east-west rather than north-south
a
Rogue waves arise from constructive interference of multiple convergent waves; these waves occasionally can be more than 100 feet high.; a.; true; b.; false
a
Wave crests ___________? a.; refract (bend) so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner; b.; refract so as to impact the shore nearly perpendicular to the shoreline; c.; reflect directly backward from the angle at which they approached the shoreline; d.; are reflected off the shoreline, but never refract
a
Which type of continental coastline features a much broader continental shelf?; a.; passive continental margins; b.; active continental margins
a
____________ make up a majority of the ocean floor worldwide.; a.; Abyssal plains; b.; Continental rises; c.; Continental shelves; d.; Continental slopes
a
As waves approach shore in shallow water their speed ___________? a.; increases; b.; decreases
b
Because of wave refraction, erosion along an irregular coastline is ___________? a.; even along the length of the coast; b.; greatest in headlands (points of land projected out toward the sea); c.; greatest in bays
b
Compared to continental lithosphere, oceanic lithosphere is ___________? a.; thicker; b.; thinner; c.; approximately the same thickness
b
Every shoreline experiences a tidal reach (difference in elevation between high and low tide) of about 3 m.; a.; true; b.; false
b
If currents are largely directed toward shore, the area is likely to experience ___________? a.; upwelling; b.; downwelling
b
Rip currents flow ___________? a.; directly toward the shoreline; b.; directly away from the shoreline; c.; parallel to the shoreline
b
The density of seawater increases with ___________? a.; increasing temperature and increasing salinity; b.; decreasing temperature and increasing salinity; c.; increasing temperature and decreasing salinity; d.; decreasing temperature and decreasing salinity
b
The form and topography (depth profile) of the ocean floor is termed ___________? a.orogeny; b.bathymetry; c.allocthony; d.aquitopography
b
The most prominent force inducing tides on Earth is the ___________? a.; Sun's gravitational pull; b.; Moon's gravitational pull; c.; electromagnetic attraction between Earth and the Sun; d.; gravitational attraction between ocean waters and the continents on Earth
b
Tidal reach is affected by ___________? a.; the slope of the coastline; b.; the position of the Sun; c.; Both A and B are correct.; d.; None of the above is correct.
b
Tidal reach will be greatest locally during a ___________? a.; full or last quarter moon; b.; full or first quarter moon; c.; full or new moon; d.; first quarter or last quarter moon
b
What percentage of seawater, on average, consists of dissolved salt ions?; a.; 1.5%; b.; 3.5%; c.; 5.5%; d.; 6.5
b
As compared to freshwater, saline ocean water is ____________ and therefore provides ____________ support to floating objects.; a.; less dense; more buoyant; b.; less dense; less buoyant; c.; denser; more buoyant; d.; denser; less buoyant
c
Due to the Coriolis effect, surface currents in the oceans are always pulled to the ____________ in the northern hemisphere as compared to the prevailing wind direction.; a.; north; b.; east; c.; right; d.; left
c
Flooded valleys that were excavated by glaciers are termed ___________? a.; deltas; b.; tombolos; c.; fjords; d.; fords
c
Longshore currents flow ___________? a.; directly toward the shoreline; b.; directly away from the shoreline; c.; parallel to the shoreline
c
Major oceanic surface currents travel ___________? a.; parallel to the prevailing wind direction in the region; b.; in direct opposition to prevailing winds as a result of the Coriolis effect; c.; at an angle to prevailing winds as a result of the Coriolis effect; d.; at an angle to prevailing winds as a result of the Doppler effect
c
Most of the igneous rocks within oceanic abyssal plains are ___________? a.; exposed at the surface of the sea floor; b.; covered by sand and gravel introduced by rivers at deltas; c.; covered by clay and the skeletal remains of microplankton; d.; covered by limestones made up of the fragments of large invertebrate shells
c
Sand groins ___________? a.; have solved the problem of beach drift; b.; increase erosion rates in the region upcurrent from the groin; c.; increase erosion rates in the region downcurrent from the groin; d.; increase depositional rates in the region downcurrent from the groin
c
The magnitude of tidal effect (lateral extent of the intertidal zone between low and high tides) is affected by ___________? a.; the slope of the coastline; b.; the position of the Sun; c.; Both A and B are correct.; d.; None of the above is correct.
c
The shallowest portion of the ocean is found along the margins of continents in regions termed ___________? a.; abyssal plains; b.; continental rises; c.; continental shelves; d.; continental slopes
c
The strongest winds within a hurricane are found in the ___________? a.; outermost rain bands; b.; eye; c.; eye wall; d.; relatively dry areas between bands
c
Tidal reach will be greatest locally during a ___________? a.; full or last quarter moon; b.; full or first quarter moon; c.; full or new moon; d.; first quarter or last quarter moon
c
When the sea level rises, the ocean may invade a river valley, producing a nearshore body of water of mixed and variable salinity termed a(n) ___________? a.; atoll; b.; lagoon; c.; estuary; d.; jetty
c
Which trench includes the world's deepest sea floor (more than 11 km below sea level)?; a.; Peru-Chile Trench; b.; Puerto Rican Trench; c.; Mariana Trench; d.; Kamchatka Trench
c
percentage of Earth's surface is covered with water?; a.; 30%; b.; 50%; c.; 70%; d.; 85
c
A bathymetric map of the ocean would utilize contours to connect points of equal ___________? a.; surface salinity; b.; surface temperature; c.; temperature at the sea floor; d.; depth of the sea floor below sea level
d
A wave will disturb the water to a depth equal to ___________? a.; its wavelength; b.; its surface amplitude; c.; the bottom of the sea floor; d.; one-half of its wavelength
d
As compared to continental interiors, surface temperatures in coastal regions ___________? a.; are warmer throughout the year; b.; are colder throughout the year; c.; experience a more extreme range throughout the year; d.; experience a less extreme range throughout the year
d
At the equatorial ocean basins, sea surface temperatures may reach 30deg.C or greater; at the sea floor 5 km below, the temperature is ___________? a.; slightly warmer (33deg.C); b.; about room temperature (25deg.C); c.; cool (10deg.15deg.C); d.; near freezing (2deg.4deg.C)
d
Estuaries most commonly have salinity that is ___________? a.; identical to normal marine salinity; b.; identical to fresh water; c.; hypersaline (greater than normal marine salinity); d.; brackish (between freshwater and marine salinity)
d
Global circulation of ocean water is influenced by ___________? a.; surface winds; b.; coastal upwelling and downwelling; c.; sinking of cold and saline water; d.; All of the above
d
Of the choices below, which portions of the sea floor are most steeply tilted?; a.; abyssal plains; b.; continental rises; c.; continental shelves; d.; continental slopes
d
The deepest segments of the ocean floor are found ___________? a.; along mid-ocean ridges; b.; in the geographic centers of abyssal plains; c.; in trenches associated with passive margins; d.; in trenches associated with subduction zones
d
Wave refraction causes longshore currents to travel ___________? a.; directly onshore; b.; from embayments toward headlands; c.; directly offshore; d.; from headlands toward embayments
d