Geo Ch 22

In 1900 more than _____ percent of America's energy needs were satisfied by burning coal. A. 90 B. 75 C. 50 D. 25 E. 10

A

Once oil is formed it must accumulate in concentrations that can be drilled and pumped, these concentrations are called ________. A. traps B. accumulations C. concentrations D. beds E. reserves

A

The _____ resources include building stones and road gravels. A. nonmetallic B. metallic C. energy D. nonrenewable E. aggregate

A

The energy return on energy invested (EROEI) for newly discovered oil fields was typically around 100:1 in 1940s and it has currently decreased to ________ A. 8:1 B. 75:1 C. 50:1 D. 25:1 E. 15:1

A

The ore-forming process of ______ occurs as early-forming minerals settle to the bottom of a cooling magma. A. crystal settling B. hydrothermal solution C. gravity deposition D. mica and quartz E. residue formation

A

The ratio of the amount of energy extracted versus the amount of energy put into the extraction process of a resource can be initialized as ____. A. EROEI B. NOAA C. CPI D. USGS E. ACC

A

______ is the initial stage in the development of coal. A. Peat B. Lignite C. Sub-bituminous D. Bituminous E. Anthracite

A

A ____ is the term used to describe the total amount of any given geologic material of potential economic interest, whether discovered or not. A. ore deposit B. resource C. aggregate D. reserve E. reservoir

B

A _____ is the term used to describe the portion of a resource that has been discovered or inferred with some degree of certainty and can be extracted for a profit. A. resource B. reserve C. renewable D. ore E. gangue

B

Evaporite deposits are important sources of ___. A. iron and aluminum B. gypsum and halite C. copper and zinc D. lead and tin E. sand and sandstone

B

Gas hydrate contains ____. A. asphalt B. natural gas C. petroleum D. gasoline E. aviation fuel

B

Geological resources sustain life, and the most fundamental of these resources are _____. A. gold and silver B. soil and water C. oil and gas D. geothermal and hydrothermal E. all are fundamental resources

B

The major iron ore minerals are _____. A. pyrite and chalcopyrite B. hematite and magnetite C. galena and sphalerite D. mica and quartz E. calcite and dolomite

B

The petroleum window is the depth between ______ to ______ feet through which sapropel must pass to transform into oil. A. 100; 1000 B. 7,500; 15,000 C. 100; 600 D. 10,000; 20,000 E. 500; 6000

B

Uranium is found in ________. A. quartz and sphalerite B. pitchblende and carnotite C. migmatites D. hematite and galena E. rhyolite and gabbro

B

____ resources enable us to create the metals used in our world today. A. Nonmetallic B. Metallic C. Nonrenewable D. Energy E. Petroleum

B

A barrel of oil contains ______ U.S. gallons. A. 200 B. 12 C. 42 D. 22 E. 50

C

A pound of ordinary bituminous coal typically contains ______ percent carbon. A. 5 B. 10 C. 45 to 86 D. 90 to 95 E. 100

C

Although technically not coal, the first material to form in the coal cycle is ___. A. anthracite B. semi-anthracite C. peat D. lignite E. "soft coal"

C

At the current rate of consumption, United States recoverable coal reserves will be exhausted in ______ years. A. 10 B. 90 C. 250 D. 350 E. 125

C

Gold is found in ____. A. weathered granites B. pegmatites C. placer deposits D. gossan E. limestones

C

Phosphate is produced from _____. A. igneous rocks B. hydrothermal deposits C. phosphorites D. evaporites E. placer deposits

C

Some geologic resources are ____, that is, they are replenished by natural processes fast enough that people can use them continuously. A. nonmetallic B. energetic C. renewable D. metallic E. nonrenewable

C

There are two basic forms of energy categories, ____ energy is stored energy. A. actual B. kinetic C. potential D. nonrenewable E. renewable

C

Counting tar sands, _______ has the second largest oil reserves in the world. A. the United States B. Brazil C. Mexico D. Canada E. Nigeria

D

In terms of plate tectonics, future oil reservoirs form most easily in areas ____. A. along mid oceanic ridges B. over hot spots C. along transform faults D. where ocean basins are closing E. of continental rifts

D

Most copper ores are ___. A. oxides B. pegmatites C. placer deposits D. sulfides E. carbonates

D

Most geologic resources are ____, they form very slowly and are extracted much faster than nature replaces them. A. nonmetallic B. energy C. irreplaceable D. nonrenewable E. hydrothermal

D

Most hydrothermal ores are metallic __________. A. carbonates B. sulfates C. native elements D. sulfides E. oxides

D

New oil is born where _____. A. the Earth degases B. there are continental swamps C. active plate subduction takes place D. dead organic matter is sealed in an oxygen-deprived burial E. large animals, such as dinosaurs, once lived

D

The United States has established a permanent nuclear waste repository ______. A. at spreading ridges on the Atlantic seafloor B. on the abyssal plains near offshore California C. on the moon D. at Yucca Mountain, Nevada E. in salt mines in Ohio

D

The two largest oil fields in the United States are in __________. A. the Front Ranges of the Rocky Mountains B. the Great Plains C. coastal areas of the Gulf Coast D. Texas and Alaska E. Illinois and Iowa

D

This type of geologic resource provides the power that drives the modern world. A. metallic B. geothermal C. petroleum D. energy E. nonmetallic

D

Economic deposits of petroleum require _____. A. source rock B. reservoir rock C. trap D. volcanic activity E. source rock, reservoir rock, and trap

E

Pencil lead is made of _____. A. gypsum B. galena C. coal D. lead E. graphite

E

Petroleum, natural gas and propane are all considered _____ because they formed from the buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. A. gaseous fuels B. oil fuels C. nonmetallic fuels D. renewable fuels E. fossil fuels

E

The United States has enormous quantities of oil in __. A. oil shale B. gas hydrates C. hydrothermal veins D. tar sands E. limestones

E

The recoverable reserve for coal in the United States is _______. A. unknown B. 10 billion tons C. 157 billion tons D. 42 billion tons E. 270 billion tons

E

The world's largest geothermal power plant is at ____. A. Hot Springs, Arkansas B. Handford, Washington C. Yucca Mountain, Nevada D. New Zealand E. the Geysers in the Coast Range of northern California.

E

_______ is an unusual mixture of ice and methane. A. Pumice B. Oil sand C. Condensate D. Distillate E. Gas hydrate

E