GEOG 1112 Weather and Climate test one

Which of the following locations experiences the largest continuous belt of strong low pressure?

between 60 and 30 degrees south

38) What is the approximate percentage of insolation arriving at the top of the atmosphere that is absorbed by the ground? A) 20% B) 40% C) 50% D) 70%

c) 50% EX: About 29 percent of the solar energy that arrives at the top of the atmosphere is reflected back to space by clouds, atmospheric particles, or bright ground surfaces like sea ice and snow. This energy plays no role in Earth's climate system. About 23 percent of incoming solar energy is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapor, dust, and ozone, and 48 percent passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface. Thus, about 71 percent of the total incoming solar energy is absorbed by the Earth system.

9) The number of degrees of longitude that a place has is derived from the angle formed by the place's location on the Earth surface, A) the center of the Earth at the same latitude, and the North Pole (if in the Northern Hemisphere) or South Pole (if in the Southern Hemisphere). B) the center of the Earth, and the equator. C) the center of the Earth at the same latitude, and the Prime Meridian at the same latitude. D) the center of the Earth at the same latitude, and the International Date Line at the same latitude.

c. the center of the Earth at the same latitude, and the Prime Meridian at the same latitude. explination:

34 Ozone can be created by all of the following processes except A) sunlight acting on hydrocarbons. B) scattering by UV-B and UV-C radiation. C) lightning during thunderstorms. D) UV-C radiation in stratosphere.

?

29) Winds at high latitudes are out of the A) East. B) West. C) South. D) North.

??? B) West.

15) The strongest katabatic winds form A) mountain breezes in Antarctica and Greenland. B) when valley breezes warm adiabatically at the saturated and dry rates and release heat. C) when valley breezes warm adiabatically and release heat. D) valley breezes in Antarctica and Greenland.

???A) mountain breezes in Antarctica and Greenland.

42) All of the following is true regarding the earth's radiation balance except A) the sun heats the earth's surface more than it does the atmosphere. B) sensible heat flux is the predominant process for the loss of outgoing longwave radiation. C) almost half the energy received by the earth's surface is returned to the atmosphere through latent heat flux. D) sensible and latent heat flux together carry most of the energy stored at the surface into the Atmosphere

???C) almost half the energy received by the earth's surface is returned to the atmosphere through latent heat flux.

29) The most common component of the atmosphere is A) nitrogen. B) carbon dioxide. C) particulates. D) aerosols.

A nitrogen.

31) A true difference between north and south polar areas is A) North Pole is over ocean, while South Pole is over land. B) high pressure is located over North Pole, while low pressure is over South Pole. C) low pressure located over North Pole, while high pressure is over South Pole. D) South Pole is over ocean, while North Pole is over land.

A) North Pole is over ocean, while South Pole is over land

31) Which two layers of the atmosphere experience temperature inversion? A) Troposphere and stratosphere B) Stratosphere and mesosphere C) Thermosphere and stratosphere D) Thermosphere and mesosphere

A) Troposphere and stratosphere

11) A valley or anabatic breeze is created when A) air from lower elevations is heated more efficiently and rises, creating an upslope breeze. B) air from higher elevations is heated more efficiently and rises, creating a mountain breeze. C) air from lower elevations is heated less efficiently and rises, creating an upslope breeze. D) air from higher elevations is heated more efficiently and sinks, creating a mountain breeze.

A) air from lower elevations is heated more efficiently and rises, creating an upslope breeze.

5) The significance of any great circle is that it always A) connects two points on the surface of a sphere with the shortest distance. B) follows the same line of latitude. C) passes through the point where the equator intersects with the Prime Meridian. D) passes through the North or South Pole.

A) connects two points on the surface of a sphere with the shortest distance. Explanation: a circle on the surface of a sphere which lies in a plane passing through the sphere's center. As it represents the shortest distance between any two points on a sphere, a great circle of the earth is the preferred route taken by a ship or aircraft.

20) As the Sun angle ________, the amount of energy reaching the surface ________. A) increases; increases B) increases; decreases C) increases or decreases; remains constant

A) increases; increases

45) Land heats and cools more rapidly than the ocean because of its A) lower specific heat when compared to the ocean. B) ability for land to retain heat better than the ocean. C) strong mixing through soil horizons on land. D) great potential for latent heat on land through evaporation.

A) lower specific heat when compared to the ocean.

12) When you shake fish food into an aquarium, you are contributing to a(n) A) open system. B) negative feedback system. C) positive feedback system. D) closed system.

A) open system.

21) In the northern hemisphere, objects are deflected to the A) right, but based on objects moving to the north or south only. B) left, but based on objects moving to the north or south only. C) right, irrespective of which way it is moving. D) left, irrespective of which way it is moving.

A) right, but based on objects moving to the north or south only. could be c idk

10) To create land breeze, A) the cool air over the land rises, creating low pressure. Warm air over water sinks, creating high pressure. This creates an offshore breeze. B) the warm air over the land rises, creating low pressure. Cool air over water sinks, creating high pressure. This creates an offshore breeze. C) the warm air over the land sinks, creating high pressure. Warm air over water rises, creating low pressure. This creates an offshore breeze. D) the cool air over the land sinks, creating high pressure. Warm air over water rises, creating low pressure. This creates an offshore breeze.

A) the cool air over the land rises, creating low pressure. Warm air over water sinks, creating high pressure. This creates an offshore breeze. EX. The air will become warm after coming to the land and will rise up. It will create low pressure due to high temperature and then will move towards the sea where the temperature is low and pressure is high. As wind always move from high pressure to the low pressure, it will create offshore winds.

11) If two places have the same latitude but different longitudes, A) the two places are directly east or west of each other. B) the two places are directly north or south of each other. C) the places will be directly east or west of each other on some map projections but not others. D) the places will be directly north or south of each other on some map projections but not

A) the two places are directly east or west of each other.

33) Ozone consists of ________ molecules of oxygen, is found primarily in the ________ and protects us from ________. A) three, stratosphere; ultraviolet rays B) two; troposphere; cosmic rays C) two; stratosphere; x rays and gamma rays D) two; troposphere; meteors

A) three, stratosphere; ultraviolet rays

15) The solar constant is A) a consistent amount of energy received at the top of the atmosphere. B) the same for a sphere or for a circle. C) only about a quarter of all energy emitted by the sun. D) the same value for all planets, even Neptune.

A). a consistent amount of energy received at the top of the atmosphere. EX. Solar constant, the total radiation energy received from the Sun per unit of time per unit of area on a theoretical surface perpendicular to the Sun's rays and at Earth's mean distance from the Sun.

14) Greenwich mean time (GMT) is a system of A) coordinating rules for what time should appear on a clock, around the world. B) determining what years should be considered leap years and which should not. C) identifying the phase of the lunar cycle. D) determining when daylight savings time should go into effect.

A). coordinating rules for what time should appear on a clock, around the world. Explanation: Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, reckoned from midnight. ... English speakers often use GMT as a synonym for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

13) In the diagram below, the left arrow represents A) elevation and the right arrow represents relief. B) relief and the right arrow represents slope. C) elevation and the right arrow represents depth. D) relief and the right arrow represents elevation.

A). elevation and the right arrow represents relief.

13) Which color portion of the visible spectrum emits the lowest amount of energy? A) Red B) Yellow C) Green D) Blue

A. Red

1) Which of the following is not a feature of what physical geographers study? A) Impacts of spatial distributions of the natural environment on people B) Processes that created and changed the spatial distributions of natural features C) Interconnections between different aspects of the natural environment D) All of these are features of what physical geographers study.

Answer:D? EXPLANATION: Physical geography is the branch of natural science which deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, as opposed to the cultural or built environment, the domain of human geography.

30) Which of the following best describes air circulation at high latitudes? A) Cold dense air rises at the poles, flows outward away from the poles, and rises between 60 and 45 degrees latitude. B) Cold dense air sinks at the poles, flows outward away from the poles, and rises between 60 and 45 degrees latitude. C) Cold dense air sinks at the poles, flows outward away from the poles, and sinks between 60 and 45 degrees latitude. D) Cold dense air rises at the poles, flows outward away from the poles, and sinks between 60 and 45 degrees latitude.

B) Cold dense air sinks at the poles, flows outward away from the poles, and rises between 60 and 45 degrees latitude.

22) Which scenario would create the greatest deflection for a wind by the Coriolis effect? A) High latitude, accelerating, fast moving wind B) High latitude, accelerating, slow moving wind C) Low latitude, decelerating, slow moving wind D) Low latitude, decelerating, fast moving wind

B) High latitude, accelerating, slow moving wind

6) Which of the following is an example of a small circle? A) Prime Meridian B) Tropic of Cancer C) Equator D) International Date Line

B) Tropic of Cancer Explanation: small circles are circles that cut the earth, but not into equal halves. Examples of small circles include all lines of latitude except the equator, the Tropical of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, the Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle.

12) A mountain or katabatic breeze is created when A) air from lower elevations is heated more efficiently and rises, creating an upslope breeze. B) air from higher elevations is cooled more efficiently and sinks, creating a downslope breeze. C) air from lower elevations is cooled more efficiently and rises, creating an upslope breeze. D) air from higher elevations is heated more efficiently and sinks, creating a downslope breeze.

B) air from higher elevations is cooled more efficiently and sinks, creating a downslope breeze.

40) Which ranges for incoming light and UV radiation would be absorbed and scattered the most? A) 0.2−0.3 microns B) 0.3−0.4 microns C) 0.4−0.5 microns D) 0.5−0.7 microns

DD) 0.5−0.7 microns

5) In accordance with the pressure gradient, A) air is less tightly packed in high pressure zones and moves away from low pressure zones. B) air is more tightly packed in high pressure zones and moves away from low pressure zones C) air is more tightly packed in high pressure zones and moves toward low pressure zones. D) air is less tightly packed in high pressure zones and moves toward low pressure zones.

B) air is more tightly packed in high pressure zones and moves away from low pressure zones

9) All of the following will warm the local environment except A) deposition. B) evaporation. C) freezing. D) condensation.

B) evaporation. EX. Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. Evaporation is the primary pathway that water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle as atmospheric water vapor.

8) Friction A) increases with altitude. B) is greater near the ground surface. C) diminishes turbulence. D) is responsible for weaker winds aloft.

B) is greater near the ground surface.

11) The difference between open and closed systems is that A) open systems are not predictable but closed systems are. B) open systems can acquire matter and energy, but closed systems cannot. C) open systems are much simpler in terms of the number of interactions between objects in the system. D) open systems occur on land and closed systems occur in the ocean.

B) open systems can acquire matter and energy, but closed systems cannot.

20) The Coriolis effect is the apparent deflection in the path of a moving object due to A) the revolution of the Earth. B) the rotation of the Earth. C) the pressure gradient force which increases with latitude. D) the pressure gradient force which decreases with latitude.

B) the rotation of the Earth.

26) On equinox, A) points north of the Arctic Circle receive 24 hours of daylight B) tilt is neither inclined toward or away from the sun C) points south of the Antarctic receive 24 hours of daylight D) points north of the Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle receive 24 hours of darkness

B) tilt is neither inclined toward or away from the sun There are only two times of the year when the Earth's axis is tilted neither toward nor away from the sun, resulting in a "nearly" equal amount of daylight and darkness at all latitudes. These events are referred to as Equinoxes.

7) Which of the following involves the release of latent heat back into the environment? A) Evaporation B) Deposition C) Melting D) Sublimation

B). Deposition EX. The reverse process, converting water vapor directly into ice, is called deposition and is the main way snowflakes form. Deposition releases the latent heat back into the environment, but when it is snowing it is cold enough that we would not easily notice any addition of latent heat to the cold air.

#14 on ch3

B). a warm dry wind which blows down the east side of the Rocky Mountains at the end of winter.

5) Burning the bottom of your feet burned when walking on hot beach sand is due to A) conduction. B) convection. C) radiation. D) advection.

B). convection. Explanation: the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.

10) Electromagnetic radiation A) is composed of interacting electrical and magnetic fields. B). is visible in all its forms C) radiates out in confined planes or straight lines. D) is composed entirely of waves

B). is visible in all its forms

16) North America is closest to the Sun, during A) perihelion, which occurs in early July. B) perihelion, which occurs in early January. C) aphelion, which occurs in early July. D) aphelion, which occurs in early January.

B). perihelion, which occurs in early January.

12) Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between molecular motion, wavelength, and temperature? A) As the temperature decreases, molecular motion increases and wavelength increases. B) As the temperature increases, molecular motion increases and wavelength decreases. C) As the temperature decreases, molecular motion decreases and wavelength decreases. D) As the temperature increases, molecular motion decreases and wavelength decreases.

B. As the temperature increases, molecular motion increases and wavelength decreases.

18) Where are low pressure cells especially well developed in January? A) Hawaii B) Siberia C) Aleutian Islands D) Azores

C) Aleutian Islands

7) 0° of latitude is found at the ________, and 90° of latitude is found at the ________. A) South Pole; North Pole B) South Pole; Equator C) Equator; North Pole D) North Pole; Prime Meridian

C) Equator; North Pole Explanation: The Equator is the line of 0 degrees latitude. Each parallel measures one degree north or south of the Equator, with 90 degrees north of the Equator and 90 degrees south of the Equator. The latitude of the North Pole is 90 degrees N, and the latitude of the South Pole is 90 degrees S

1) Atmospheric pressure can be measured in all of the following units except A) millibars. B) bars. C) barometer units. D) inches of mercury.

C) barometer units.

2) Geography is considered to be A) a natural science. B) a social science. C) both a natural and social science. D) neither a natural nor a social science.

C) both a natural and social science Explanation: Geography is concerned with the Earth's atmosphere and physical surface, including how humans affect those things and in turn are affected by them. The discipline is a mixture of physical geography and human geography, making it both a physical science and a social science.

18) As one approaches the equator, the Sun angle ________ and the atmosphere attenuation ________. A) increases; increases B) decreases; decreases C) increases; decreases D) decreases; increases

C) increases; decreases Explanation: atmospheric attenuation. Definition: The loss of brightness of a beam of light due to the atmosphere. * Reduction in luminance of a light beam due to absorption and scattering along its path through the earth's atmosphere. * Also known as atmospheric haze.

35) Ozone A) is formed mainly in the troposphere where it diffuses to the stratosphere. B) is only formed through natural processes. C) is destroyed by halogens in chlorofluorocarbons. D) is only destroyed through natural processes.

C) is destroyed by halogens in chlorofluorocarbons.

13) Urban areas heat up more rapidly than surrounding countryside. This can result in A) low pressure over urban areas with polluted air flowing at the ground surface and then the polluted air sinking over the surrounding countryside. B) high pressure over urban areas with polluted air flowing at the ground surface and then the polluted air rising over the surrounding countryside. C) low pressure over urban areas with polluted air flowing aloft and then the polluted air sinking over the surrounding countryside. D) high pressure over urban areas with polluted air flowing aloft and then the polluted air rising over the surrounding countryside.

C) low pressure over urban areas with polluted air flowing aloft and then the polluted air sinking over the surrounding countryside.

43) The earth's radiation balance involves A) conduction and convection emitting energy directly into space. B) most energy emitted directly into space with no interaction with the atmosphere. C) most energy leaving the earth in the form of longwave radiation. D) energy being radiated only upward into space.

C) most energy leaving the earth in the form of longwave radiation.

39) Which of the following correctly tallies the earth's shortwave-radiation balance? A) planetary albedo - 4%, atmospheric absorption - 31%, surface absorption - 65% B) planetary albedo - 10 %, atmospheric absorption - 20%, surface absorption - 70% C) planetary albedo - 31%, atmospheric absorption - 20%, surface absorption - 49% D) planetary albedo - 70%, atmospheric absorption - 20%, surface absorption - 10%

C) planetary albedo - 31%, atmospheric absorption - 20%, surface absorption - 49% EX: EX: About 29 percent of the solar energy that arrives at the top of the atmosphere is reflected back to space by clouds, atmospheric particles, or bright ground surfaces like sea ice and snow. This energy plays no role in Earth's climate system. About 23 percent of incoming solar energy is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapor, dust, and ozone, and 48 percent passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface. Thus, about 71 percent of the total incoming solar energy is absorbed by the Earth system.

32) In the Southern Hemisphere, the westerlies are created by the Coriolis effect acting on air moving. A) north from the subpolar low to the subtropical high. B) north from the subtropical high to the subpolar low. C) south from the subtropical high to the subpolar low. D) south from the subpolar low to the subtropical high.

C) south from the subtropical high to the subpolar low.

8) The Prime Meridian separates A) great circles from small circles. B) the Northern Hemisphere from the Southern Hemisphere. C) the Eastern Hemisphere from the Western Hemisphere. D) places experiencing one day on the calendar from places experiencing another day on the calendar.

C) the Eastern Hemisphere from the Western Hemisphere. Explanation: The Prime Meridian divides the globe into Eastern and Western hemispheres, just as the equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern hemispheres. The Prime Meridian is at 0 degrees longitude, just as the equator is at 0 degrees latitude. Use a time zone map to locate the Prime Meridian and Greenwich, England.

17) North America is farthest from the Sun during A) perihelion, which occurs in early July. B) perihelion, which occurs in early January. C) aphelion, which occurs in early July. D) aphelion, which occurs in early January.

C). aphelion, which occurs in early July.

41) The most important greenhouse gas for retaining a variety of outgoing longwave radiation is A) CH4. B) N2O. C) H2O. D) CO2.

C). h2o

1) The most common gas in the atmosphere is A) oxygen (O2). B) carbon dioxide (CO2). C) nitrogen (N2). D) methane (CH4).

C). nitrogen (N2).

6) Which of the following statements is true regarding high or low pressure for a parcel of air at the surface? A) Higher temperature, higher density, warmer air rises, lower pressure at surface B) Higher temperature, lower density, warmer air rises, higher pressure at surface C) Lower temperature, higher density, cold air rises, higher pressure at surface D) Lower temperature, higher density, cold air sinks, higher pressure at surface

D Lower temperature, higher density, cold air sinks, higher pressure at surface

Given that the top of this paper is north, what is the wind direction represented by this arrow? (arrow pointing twords bottom left corner of paper) A) Southeast B) East C) Northwest D) Northeast

D Northeast the direction it comes from

44) Without greenhouse gases, earth's temperature would be A) 68°C. B) 15°C. C) 0°C. D) -18°C.

D) -18°C. Without naturally occurring greenhouse gases, Earth's average temperature would be near 0°F (or -18°C) instead of the much warmer 59°F (15°C). The concentration of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide and methane, has fluctuated naturally over geological time scales.

2) Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between air pressure and altitude? A) As one moves lower in the atmosphere, pressure decreases, and as one moves closer to the Earth's surface, pressure decreases. B) As one moves up in the atmosphere, pressure increases, and as one moves closer to the Earth's surface, pressure increases. C) As one moves lower in the atmosphere, pressure decreases, and as one moves closer to the Earth's surface, pressure increases. D) As one moves up in the atmosphere, pressure decreases, and as one moves closer to the Earth's surface, pressure increases.

D) As one moves up in the atmosphere, pressure decreases, and as one moves closer to the Earth's surface, pressure increases.

4) Which of the following is true of meridians? A) Meridians run from east to west. B) The highest degree label for meridians is 90°. C) Meridians are always parallel to each other. D) Meridians always follow great circles.

D) Meridians always follow great circles. EX. a circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth's surface and the terrestrial poles.

28) On what day does the Sun have its highest Sun angle and sets/rises farthest north? A) Winter solstice B) Spring equinox C) Fall equinox D) Summer solstice

D) Summer solstice The summer solstice for the northern hemisphere occurs within a few days of June 21 every year. It is on this day that the position of the Sun in the sky at noon is at its highest altitude of the year, and the position of the Sun at Sunrise and Sunset is farthest north for the year.

10) The difference between active and passive remote sensing systems is that A) active systems involve the latest generation of satellites while passive systems use signals from older satellites. B) active systems include aerial photography while passive systems rely on satellite imagery. C) active systems can operate throughout cloud or fog cover while passive systems require clear sky conditions. D) active systems emit their own energy while passive systems simply detect existing energy signals.

D) active systems emit their own energy while passive systems simply detect existing energy signals.

19) As one approaches the poles, the Sun angle ________ and atmosphere attenuation ________. A) increases; increases B) decreases; decreases C) increases; decreases D) decreases; increases

D) decreases; increases

3) The "sphere" that intersects with all of the other spheres is the A) atmosphere. B) biosphere. C) hydrosphere. D) lithosphere.

D) lithosphere. Explanation: The four parts are called the lithosphere (rock), hydrosphere (water), atmosphere (air), and biosphere (living things). The surface of the lithosphere, where the rocky part of our planet is in contact with water, air, and/or life is generally where the spheres intersect and affect each other

36) Ozone thinning is A) greatest in the Northern Hemisphere in October. B) greatest in the Southern Hemisphere in April. C) evenly distributed for most of the year. D) more pronounced in Antarctica than the Arctic.

D) more pronounced in Antarctica than the Arctic

17) Santa Ana winds involve dry A) east winds originating from the High Plains during drought. B) southerly winds originating from Mexico. C) northeast winds originating from the Mojave desert. D) southwest winds originating from the Great American desert.

D) southwest winds originating from the Great American desert.

32) The ________ experiences a temperature ________ primarily due to the absorption of ________. A) troposphere; decrease; ultraviolet rays B) ozone; increase; gamma rays and x rays C) stratosphere; decrease; ultraviolet rays D) thermosphere; increase; gamma rays and x rays

D) thermosphere; increase; gamma rays and x rays

14) Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation are arranged in the proper decreasing order of energy? A) Infrared, x rays, AM radio B) Microwaves, ultraviolet, green light C) Radio waves, gamma rays, ultraviolet D) Blue light, infrared, AM radio

D). Blue light, infrared, AM radio

6) The only temperature scale that relates changes in internal energy to the absolute amount of heat gained or lost by a system is the A) Fahrenheit scale. B) Celsius scale. C) Centigrade scale. D) Kelvin scale.

D). Kelvin scale.

8) All of the following involve the input of energy except. A) melting. B) evaporation. C) freezing. D) sublimation

D). sublimation EX: Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase, without passing through the intermediate liquid phase

30) Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for the sky's blue color? A) Absorption B) Scattering C) Reflection D) Filtering

Scattering

27) During December solstice, the A) entire area poleward of the Antarctic Circle remains out of sunlight. B) entire area poleward of the Tropic of Capricorn remains out of sunlight. C) entire area poleward of the Arctic Circle remains out of sunlight. D) entire area poleward of the Tropic of Cancer remains out of sunlight.

entire area poleward of the Arctic Circle remains out of sunlight.

23) At which location would the Coriolis force deflection be the least?

equator