GEOG Test 2
What is the largest Christian sect in the world today?
Roman Catholic
What is the major means of population control used in India?
Sterilization of men
A crude death rate of 24 might be expected in what type of country?
a developing country like nigeria
What is the approximate annual population increase in Japan?
0.3%
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
1) Shahada: Testifying of God's one-ness: The Decloration " there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet." 2) Salat: Prayer. Genral Features of islamic prayer. 3) Zakat: Giving charity. Originally a free-will donation. 4) Sawm: Fasting 5) Hajj: Pilgrimage.
What was the average annual increase in population in 1990-95?
1.5%
When did Iran become serious about birth control?
1993
What is the replacement fertility rate?
2.1
What is the approximate world population currently
7.2 billion
Sunni Muslims make up about what percent of Islam?
85%
Between 1990 and 2000, the rate of population increase was highest in which major division of the world?
Africa
What was the point of origin of all humankind, at least according to some geneticists?
Africa
What is the language of the Koran?
Arabic
With an annual population growth rate of 3%, approximately how many years would it take for that population to double?
Around 23 years
In the past, the Spanish government attempted to obliterate a certain language within its borders; however, in 1980 which language received official status in certain provinces?
Basque
What aspect of Hinduism most closely approximates a monotheistic belief?
Believe in one Supreme Consciousness
Most of the world's population is concentrated in which Köppen climate family?
C- Midlatitude Humid Climates
Which is the world's most populous country?
China
What is the language with the most speakers in the world?
Chiniese
Which of the major religions are universalizing religions?
Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism
Circulation, as used in a spatial context, refers to what?
Circulation, as used in a spatial context, has to do with interconnections by transportation and communication of goods, people, ideas, and capital among places and cultures
What is the substitution of one set of cultural traditions for another either by force or by degrading those who fail to acculturate and by rewarding those who do, is called?
Cultural imperialism
What is described by this: Basically, a set of values and ways of doing things which is learned behavior.
Culture
How and why have diffusionist arguments been used to minimize or underestimate the ingenuity of various peoples?
Diffusionist
What is the predominant world lingua franca?
English
The tendency to judge other groups by the standards of one's own is called what?
Ethnocentrism
Why are modern Western European languages are written in the Roman alphabet?
Europeans (particularly in Western & Northern Europe) were converted to Christianity from Rome
What are the characteristics (birth rate, death rate, & growth rate) in each of the four phases of the demographic transition model?
In Stage One: the birth rate is high, the death rate is high and the growth rate is stable or growing slowly (with a long doubling time. The population is also fragile). In Stage Two: the birth rate is high, but starts to decline slowly, the death rate is dropping sharply and the growth rate is continuallt increasing (with a short doubling time). In Stage Three: the birth rate is declining more rapidly, the death rate is dropping but at a slower rate and the growth rate is increasing but at a declining rate (with a doubling time that's still short). In Stage Four: the birth rate is low, the death rate is low and the growth rate is stable or declining (with a long doubling time. There are also higher standards of living and education)
What is the force that resists change and attempts to keep patterns and activities stable on the landscape called?
Inertia
Shiite Muslims are a majority in which two countries?
Iran and Iraq
The religious beliefs and practices of Sikhs arose from an attempt to reconcile what two religions?
Islam and Hinduism
What is the name given to the line on a map that separates the different pronunciations of various words?
Isogloss
Cultural geography maps the locations and distributions of human cultures, and what else does it do? *
It investigates the reasons for those distributions as well
Which "Western" religion claims to have been the first monotheistic religion?
Judaism
Which are nonuniversalizing?
Judaism, Hinduism, Shinto, Confucian, Taoism
What were the population growth characteristics in Russia in the 1990s?
Low death rate and greatly dropping birth rates resulted in population decline (negative growth)
Which branch of Buddhism is referred to as the "great vehicle"?
Mahayana Buddhism which spread north and northeast to Tibet, China, Korea and Japan.
Worker's remittances refers to what?
Money that these migrants send back home to their family members who have not migrated
What are the problems associated with rapidly aging populations?
Mostly found in developed (rich) countries: increasing percent of elderly people - higher medical
Who would be a good example of a head of state who made a major effort to Westernized his country?
Mustafa Kemal of Turkey
What is the Chinese policy on birth control?
One family/one child policy
Which religion has long been the dominant religion of Russia?
Orthodox Chrisitainity
Where do most Sikhs live mostly in India?
Punjab
Which Native American language has official status in at least one South American country?
Quechua
Which religion has more adherents than any other religion or denomination in the United States today?
Roman Catholic
A universalizing religion proselytizes; therefore, it does what?
Seeks converts
Theravada Buddhism diffused to what part of Asia?
South and Southeast to India and Southeast Asia
What is the way any language is spoken and written according to formal rules of diction and grammar called?
Standard language
The majority of Saudi Arabians follow which Islamic sect?
Sunni
Thomas Malthus concluded what regarding population?
That there is a direct relation between size population and means of subsistence
Before we can claim that any aspect of culture has diffused, what must we be able to demonstrate?
That there was a definite contact between the cultures
Most ancestors of Native Americans are believed to have migrated to North America by way of what means?
The Bering Strait
Explain sacerdotalism is the belief that propitiatory sacrifices for sin require that intervention of a priest
The belief that priests act as mediators between God and human beings
What is the definition of physiological density?
The density of population per unit of agricultural land. (population pressure)
What is meant by independent invention?
The independent development of a cultural feature in different societies
Successful immigrants write letters home speaking favorably of their new land, and they provide employment and financial assistance to later migrants. What effect does this promote or create?
The migration chain
What is the term for a form of government in which the church rules directly or laws must conform to religious teachings?
Theocracy
India and the United Kingdom have approximately the same arithmetic density. What does this mean?
This means that they have approximately the same number of people per area of land
Lamaism dominates what Asian country or region?
Tibet
Where, according to the text, was the hearth of Indo-European languages probably located?
Turkey
The single largest migration flow for the past 150 years has been to what part of the world?
USA
The isolated farmstead settlement pattern is typical and characterizes agriculture in which countries?
USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand
What are examples of push factors in migration?
Unemployment, disasters, and political and religious persecution. These would drive people away from wherever they are.
The process of adopting some aspect of another culture is called what?
acculturation
Large numbers were brought to the U.S. in the 18th and 19th centuries from where?
africa, mostly west africa
Which types of people best fits the description of a folk culture?
amish
Judaism has how many followers?
around 14,000,000
What name is given to a type of world map drawn so that the size of each country is the reflection of its population rather than its size in land area?
cartogram
Many immigrants enter the U.S. illegally from where?
central america, mostly mexico
The global trade network developed by Europeans between 1650 and 1750 was part of what movement or development?
commercial revolution
Where might one expect 40 percent or more of the population to be under the age of 15?
congo, and other african and latin american countries
Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country Y has a crude birth rate of 20 and a crude death rate of 9. what is the natural population increase rate for each country?
country X: 40 - 15 = 25 country Y: 20 - 9 = 11
What is the place where a distinctive culture originates called?
culture hearth
What is the entire area throughout which the broadest unit of culture (like a family of related cultures) prevails called?
culture realm
The process where aspects of culture (culture traits) move from their area of innovation to other areas is called what?
diffusion
By what process have cultural phenomena achieved the distribution they currently have?
diffusion (contagious & relocation
Which regions (continents or large portions of them) possess a major concentration of population?
east asia, europe, south asia, easter north american coastal area
In the context of religion, the strictest adherence to traditional beliefs is referred to by what term?
fundamentalism
Upon what do humans base their decisions on how they will act in the real world?
how they perceive the world
What has been the main effect of modern communications on social customs?
increase the similarity of social customs in different locations
All a country's fixed assets, such as railroads, highways, pipelines, and the like are referred to as what?
infrastructure
How does the physical environment relate to what humans can do where they live?
it affects what people do by setting parameters or "limits" (these vary according to the technology of the culture)
How does culture affect diet?
it determines certain dietary preferences and avoidances
How do humans acquire culture?
it is learned
Which African country had the highest natural population increase rate a few years back?
kenya
Define the term language family.
languages that are realted by descent from a common protolanguage make up this
As countries develop, how do the leading causes of death change?
leading causes of death change from infectious and parasitic diseases to degenerative diseases
Throughout the world, how do fertility rates in urban areas compare to those in rural areas?
lower than rural areas
Diffusion explains the distribution of all cultural phenomena.
many, not all
Population is usually sparse in which types of climate? In which types of landform regions?
mountainous regions
What are toponyms?
place names that sometimes reveal something of a region's earlier inhabitants
Which alphabets expressed the following languages in writing: Russian, Urdu, Hindi, English?
russian: cyrillic urdu: arabic hindi: devanagari english: roman or latin
Which is the dominant ethnic group, at the tip of the Malay Peninsula, in Singapore?
singapore
Large numbers of immigrants fled to the U.S. in the 1970s & 1980s from where?
southeast asia, vietnam in particular
Large numbers of immigrants arrived in the USA between 1880-1910 from where?
southern and cenral(eastern) europe
What has been the basis for the tensions between Hindus and Sikhs in India?
the desire for an independent Sikh state. Several years back the Indian military attacked a Sikh temple. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two of her Sikh bodyguards.
What were some of the consequences of European migration to the Americas?
the introduction of diseases, a decrease in the native population, a high degree of racial mixing in Latin America, introduction of European plants and animals
What changes, if any, have occurred in tobacco-related deaths in most of the world in the last 25 years?
tobacco related deaths have increased world wide
A crude birth rate of 43 is most likely to occur in what type of country?
very poor countries like afghanistan and haiti
World wide, how serious has the threat from smallpox been in recent years 1995-present?
very small threat, outside the possibility of terrorists or countries like Iraq using biological weapons