Geography 121 Chapter Test II Study Guide
Silk Road
Ancient trade route
Aridity
Arid region that can't sustain trees or large shrubs
USSR
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Sinterag
Unknown term
Northwest Passage
Shipping route connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Americas
Satellite state
Small country dependent on a stronger country's politics and economy
Oligarch
Small group of people in charge of a country
State Socialism
Socialist system controlled by the state
Civil Society
Society of citizens linked by common interests and collective activity
Bureaucratic class
A class of government officials
Feudal system
A system where the leader collects taxes and nobles also collect some taxes
European Union (EU)
A union of European countries with a common currency (euro)
Ford valley
A valley filled with water
Cirque
Bowl-shaped depressions in mountains
Balkanization
Breaking up into different political units under hostility
Merchant capitalism
Capitalism based on trade and merchants
Irredentism
Claiming an ethnic group is a part of your country
Lake Baikal
Clean pristine lake and deepest
Deindustrialization
Companies decreasing workforce and investments due to declining profits
Climates of Russia and Central Asia
Comparison of the two regions' climates
Near Abroad
Cost of Soviet states
Vladimir Lenin
Council of Soviet Union (former)
Climates of Europe
Description of climates in different regions of Europe
Changes with the Aral Sea
Discussion on the changes occurring with the Aral Sea
Southern Crescent
Economic center for Europe from central Germany to northern Italy
Golden Triangle of Europe
Economic power region consisting of London, Paris, and Berlin
Command economy
Economy where distribution, production, and manufacturing are controlled by government agencies
Tsar
Emperor of Russia before 1917
Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)
Encourages countries to produce fewer emissions by giving rewards and penalizing people
Rise of Europe
Europe's establishment as a major world region and basis of a worldwide economy
Population distribution in the region
Explanation of the region's population distribution
Imperialism
Extension of power a country has over an area
Xenophobia
Fear of foreigners
Serfdom
Feudal laborer or peasant
Loess
Fine silt ideal for agriculture
Physiographic Regions
Four regions characterized by geology, relief, landforms, soils, and vegetation
United Nations Protocol
Global agreement to reduce greenhouse emissions
Steppe
Grassy plain in Russia and Central Asia
Commonwealth and Independent States
Group of former Soviet republics
Environmental implications of the Aral Sea
How the environmental changes in the Aral Sea affect the local population
Principal core regions within Europe
Identifying the main core regions within Europe
Marshal Plan
Lending money to European countries to build their economy after World War II
Holocaust
Mass genocide of Jews carried out by Germany
Soviets
Members of the Soviet Union
Mafia
Organized crime group
Nomadic Pastoralist
People who move around with livestock
Pastoralism
People who understand weather patterns for herding
Little Ice Age
Period of cooling climate
Great Depression
Period of economic downturn with soup lines, no jobs, and poverty
Cold War
Period of political tension between the US and Soviet Union
Permafrost
Permanently frozen layer on or under Earth's surface
Glasnost
Policy of open government
Putin
President of Russia
Acid rain
Rain with higher acidity caused by pollution
Beer & Wine consumption
Regional differences in beer and wine consumption
Russian Revolution of 1917
Revolution that led to the establishment of the Soviet Union
Khan
Ruler in Central Asia
Iron Curtain
Separation of East Germany and West Germany
Taiga
Swampy coniferous forest
Industrialization
Three waves of industrialization
Joseph Stalin
Took Lenin's place as leader of the Soviet Union
Privatization
Transfer of government-owned assets to private businesses
Maastricht Treaty
Treaty that established the European Union
Tundra
Treeless area in the northern part of Scandinavia and Russia
Ethnic cleansing
Wiping out or killing ethnic groups