Geography Q.1 Q.1- Ancient Greece
Who was allowed to be citizens in Athens?
Only free men over 18 born in Athens, women and slaves were not allowed.
Who was allowed to vote in Sparta?
Only people who were part of the oligarchy(top leaders)
Where did the Peloponnesian War take place?
Over the Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, and Greek mainland.
Who was Pericles and what role did he play in Athens?
Pericles was a great leader who rebuilt the Acropolis and united the city-states after the Persian attack
Spartiate
Pure born Spartans. Men of equal status.
Women in Ancient Athens?
Ran the home and family
Who won the Peloponnesian War? Explain how they were able to defeat their enemy.
Sparta defeated Athens and takes control in the Peloponnesian war. - defeated Athens by becoming allies with Persia -Navy form Persia defeated Athens navy -Athens cannot bring it any more supplies such as food - Starves to death 404 BCE Athens Surrendors
Krypteia
Spartan secret police. Last stage of agoge training
What was the Agora?
The Agora was the center of public life in Athens.
Polytheism
(poly-many theis-god) The belief or worship of more than one god.
What were some things that weakened the two city-states?
-the peloponnesian war, the plague descended upon Athens, Pericles died, city- states became vulnerable.
How many years were Athens and Sparta at war?
27 years
What was the Peloponnesian War?
A 27 year long war between Athens and Sparta which was a war to gain more power lasting from 431B.C-404B.C.
Phalynx
A battle formation that consisted of a tight group of soldiers each holding a shield that interlocked with his neighbors
City-State
A central city and its surrounding villages, which together follow the same law, have one form of government and share language, religious beliefs, and ways of life.
Plague
A contagious and deadly disease. A plague struck Athens during the Peloponnesian War.
Acropolis
A high, rocky hill on or near which early people early people built cities. (Acro-high polis-city)
Peloponnese
A peninsula in southern Greece. Sparta was located on the southern Peloponnese
Philosopher
A person who observes and thinks about the natural world
Peninsula
A piece of land bordered by water on three sides
Oligarchy
A system of government controlled by a small group of people.
Democracy
A system of government in which the people hold the power to make laws and or elect representatives (Demos-people cratos-power)
What were the results of the Peloponnesian War?
After Athens surrenders, the two city-states are weakened, never recover. 338 BC Phillip of Macedonia invades and conquers Greece after war.
How does the treatment of slaves in Athens and Sparta differ?
Athena-Most people excluding the poor owned at least 1 slave.Some ran households, taught the children, were trained artisans, and worked on a farm. If they worked in the mines and stopped to break they were punished. Sparta-The slaves(helots) had some rights marrying anyone they wanted, having the children's name be theirs, and could save up money to eventually be free.
How do the economies of Athens and Sparta differ?
Athens traded goods like money, foods, and services with other city-states at the agora since land did not provide. Sparta relied on farming, and relying on their neighbors. Stealing and turning slaves into neighbors would happen occasionally.
How do the governments of Athens and Sparta differ?
Athens was a democracy where free men over 18 who were born in Athens could be citizens, but women and slaves could not. Sparta was an oligarchy with 2 kings to lead.
How does the treatment of women in Athens and Sparta differ?
Athens-Couldn't own much property,vote or attend the Assembly.Most could not choose husbands.A few women had jobs.Mostly raised children, took care of house, and managed slaves. Sparta-wore plain clothing,not wear jewelry,cosmetics or perfume.free to speak with husbands & friends.Could own and control their own property,even marry again, should their first husband be away at war for a long time.
What were Athen's and Sparta's Ussembly Called?
Athens:Council of 500(30 years of age, citizen, men) Sparta: Council of Elders(2 kings and 28 men over 60)
Blockade
Blocking an area to prevent goods and people from entering
How did Sparta get its goods?
By farming and conquering others
How did Athens get the majority of their good?
By trading with other city states, conquering, and traveling.
Who could take place in the ussembly in Athens
Everyone who was a citizen could take part in the government. In the Council of 500, citizens over 30 would discuss new laws and policies in the ussembly.
How do the educational systems of Athens and Sparta differ?
In Athens the boys were taught at home from 6 or 7. Went to school until about the age of 14. Teachers taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and literature. Girls helped mom with house, married at 15.Thought that citizens should be smart and healthy. Spartans highly valued discipline and strength. From the age of 7,all Spartan children trained for battle. Abandoned weak infants.
Agora
Marketplace and meeting place that was the center of public life in a Greek city-state
Describe the geography and location of Greece and explain how it influenced the history and culture of Greece.
The Geography of Athens was 4 miles from the Aegean Sea, so since this a great feature fro communication, Athens spread culture, like architecture and learn new things from other city- states. Sparta was isolated and surrounded by land so they did not travel and relied on their neighbors.
Agoge
The Spartan education system. Boys were rigorously trained from 8-21
What was Agoge? Why was it so important to life in Sparta?
The agoge was the spartan education system that prepared the boys through military and war.
Helot
The local people that Sparta had conquered. Helots were not quite slaves, but they weren't free either. The helots were required to give half of what they owned to the Spartiates
What did Athens use for money?
gold, silver, and metal coins
What did Sparta use for money?
heavy iron bars