Geography Unit 1
According to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world's population is more than two days travel time from a city of 50,000 people or more?
10 percent
In 2014, scientists estimated that what percentage of the air pollution in Los Angeles, California, actually originated in China?
12 to 24 percent
Globalization of the world's people and places began about:
1500
Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country boundaries?
Globalization
The 45-degree line of the ______ curve represents perfect equality, where equal portions of the population control equal amounts of income.
Lorenz
Which of the following is not consistent with strong globalization?
States (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade
As a percentage of GNI, which of the following countries contributes the most total dollars in foreign aid?
The US
In cities, one often sees a radial network of commuter trains that goes out from the central business district (CBD) of a city to residential neighborhoods and suburbs. Why has the growth of businesses within the city suburbs led to massive traffic congestion?
The hub and spoke system favors train travel to the city, but makes train travel from suburb to suburb inconvenient
In 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 member countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members.
UN
The world climate regions as classified and defined by _______________ and modified by Alan Arbogast may be used to denote regions.
Wladimir Koppen
Approximately, how many landlocked countries are in the world?
above 40
Geographers often describe the nature of economies in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary economic activities. Which of the following is not part of primary activities?
automotive manufacturing
Most fair trade goods are produced in Latin America, especially Mexico, but certified fair trade production is expanding rapidly in __________ .
both Africa and Asia
_________ is the subdiscipline of geography concerned with the construction of maps.
cartography
One way geographers have thought about scale is by using ________ circles to represent the finest resolution of scale, from the individual at the center out to the global scale
concentric
The terraced rice fields of Ifugao Province in the Philippines is an example of:
cultural landscape
Although people in remote locations have gained connection through Internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable gap between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to as the
digital divide
Which of the following refers to situations in which two areas are in relationship with one another (through trade, for example), and one area is developing at the expense of the other?
dualism
There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)?
economies focused on tourism
Which of the following is not consistent with weak globalization?
emerged since the 1970s
Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to
enhance...
The physical context of the earth refers to:
environment
Geographers went through their own period where they used environmental differences to explain everything from intelligence to wealth. What is this set of theories called?
environmental determinism
Landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation
expensive
Geographers often describe the nature of economies in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary economic activities. Which of the following is not part of secondary activities?
fishing
Geographers often describe the nature of economies in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary economic activities. Which of the following is not part of tertiary activities?
forestry
What is an area of land distinguished by either cultural or physical traits or criteria?
formal region
A public school district in the United States is a _________________ region.
functional
The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as
glocalization
Several components in the atmosphere are responsible for the greenhouse effect, including water vapor, methane, ozone, nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. Collectively, these are known as
greenhouse gasses
Which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points
hub and spoke system
Research in new regional geography sees regions as:
human constructs
A study of migrant workers from Indonesia going to Saudi Arabia is a study of:
human geography
The two major fields of study within geography are physical geography and _____________.
human geography
In general, Americans change their behavior by increasing their use of public transportation and purchasing more fuel-efficient vehicles
in response to a significant increase in gasoline prices
What fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century?
industrialization
One method of finding absolute location on a map is by using:
longitude and latitude
Identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe → Africa → the Americas → Europe, which ultimately helped establish the foundations of the capitalized world economy.
manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.)
In early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was:
need for resources and tribute
Besides being problematic in its own right, top-down development often experienced a lack of __________ that inhibited the longer-term sustainability of programs because local people had little interest in maintaining projects they did not initiate or request.
participation
The uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to:
place
Using physical geography to define world regions, a geographer may use:
precipitation
A major obstacle that developing countries often face is the problem of being stuck as a producer of raw materials, or stuck in an economy dominated by the _______ sector
primary
A transportation network that favors movement to and from a central point or location, such as a capital city to a residential area, is known as what type of network
radial
Understanding the context behind the transmission of AIDS in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America is using a _____________approach.
regional
The study of oxisols in the tropics is an example of research and understanding in:
regional geography
Collecting data for research or mapping by using instruments that are far from the area of study is called:
remote sensing
Multiple regions exist within a large area such as Africa (West Africa, East Africa, etc.). This is an example of the importance of _____________ in the study of regions.
scale
What do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance, and relations refer to?
space
We often perceive regions to exist even though we have never been to them. A strong example of regional perception in the United States is:
the South
Relative locations of places are shown on what type of map?
thematic
_____________ means considering and understanding the context of what is going on in the world.
thinking geographically
Ideas and goods diffuse from the hearth first
to places most connected to the hearth
The emphasis on participation in participatory development came about in reaction to a history of ___________ development projects that left local people with little to no sense of ownership of the projects undertaken by outsiders in their communities
top-down
A name of a place, or place-name, is referred to as a:
toponym
The relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as
urban heiarchies
Which of the following offers a geography for dependency theory by depicting the world in terms of the core, semiperiphery, and periphery?
world-systems theory
Which of the following is the negative impact on a region from economic growth in another region?
Backwash
During the Age of Exploration, stretching from the 1400s to the 1900s, which of the following regions was the focal point for global trade and exchange of culture?
atlantic
____________ development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
sustainable
Which of the following is a good example of a country that moved from the periphery to the semperiphery as it increasingly engaged in manufacturing and became a major global exporter, as exemplified by the heavy freight traffic in Hong Kong Harbor?
China
There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)?
Economies were focused on tourism
The __________ per capita is the most widely accepted way of measuring wealth by countries in the world today because the statistic tries to account for the flow of wealth in our globalized world
Gross national Income (GNI)
What tool assesses life expectancy, literacy, years of schooling, and per capita GDP?
Human Development Index (HDI)
Colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the Americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spice trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system?
It had a global reach
What does MAUP stand for?
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
To "maintain international peace and security," "to develop friendly relations among nations," to "achieve international cooperation" in order to solve economic and social problems, and to "be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends," was the mission statement for this organization following World War II.
The UN
Most developed countries are located in the Northern Hemisphere. Which of the following are notable exceptions?
australia and new zealand
The divide between the Global North (developed countries) and the Global South (developing countries) is a _______________ categorization between wealthy and poorer countries.
both socioeconomic and political
The map of world religions demonstrates the role of ______________ diffusion of ideas.
expansion
The origin or place that a new good or service is initially produced is referred to as the
hearth
Which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage?
hegemon
Suburbs, large roads, limited sidewalks, and a near lack of public transportation characterize the United States. These aspects are largely the result of
inexpensive oil prices
A region that people may imagine to exist, such as "Dixie," is a:
perceptual
Interpreting the impact of tectonic activity on the landforms of East Africa would probably be the work of a ______________ geographer.
physical
Local factors have a significant influence on a place; two geographic terms that describe these local factors are
site and situation
Geography is the study of people, place, environment, and:
space
What is the degree of contact between people and places?
spatial interaction
