GEOL 1360 - Chapter 5 Homework (Water)

As the salinity of seawater increases, its:

density increases

(T/F): Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic

False; any solution with a pH LESS than 7.0 is acidic

(T/F): The density of seawater is slightly lower than the density pure water

False; density of pure water is less than seawater

(T/F): Greater temperature fluctuations are seen in coastal areas due to the marine effect

False; temperature fluctuates LESS in coastal areas due to the marine effect

All of the following statements regarding pH are true except: A) A pH of 3.0 is acidic and a pH of 10.0 is alkaline. B) As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic. C) Buffers prevent large changes in the pH of a solution. D) pH will be buffered in deeper water where organisms with calcite shells sink. E) pH relates to relative acid-base ion balance in a solution.

B) As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic

(T/F): Precipitation, runoff, melting icebergs, and sea ice formation all decrease salinity

False

(T/F): At high latitudes, abundant precipitation and runoff from melting of freshwater icebergs both increase salinity

False

(T/F): Evaporation decrease seawater salinity

False

(T/F): Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances

False

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

High heat capacity

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0ºC. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?

It remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise

(T/F): As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline

True

(T/F): Deep-ocean water contains more carbon dioxide than surface water because deep water is colder and has the ability to dissolve more gases

True

(T/F): Evaporation causes cooling in the liquid left behind

True

(T/F): Except for the water itself, the chloride ion is the most abundant constituent in seawater

True

(T/F): Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the unique chemical and physical properties of water

True

(T/F): The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature

True

(T/F): Water is the only naturally occurring substance on Earth that readily exists in all three states of matter simultaneously (ice, water, and water vapor)

True

The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the:

hydrologic cycle

An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the:

pycnocline

The states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by:

temperature

A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the:

thermocline