geology1

deposited by the wind in dunes.

A very well-sorted sandstone with large-scale cross-bedding indicates the sand was likely

lahars

Another name for mudflows

more soil and plants

Compared to a younger scoria cone, an older scoria cone would have

the processes and sediment of streams and rivers.

Fluvial refers to

Foliation in geology refers to repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks. Each layer can be as thin as a sheet of paper, or over a meter in thickness.

Foliation

Precipitation from seawater early in Earth's history.

How does iron formation form?

D and E

In what site on this figure would you expect regional metamorphism?

a large volcanic crater, especially one formed by a major eruption leading to the collapse of the mouth of the volcano. Cause: collapse of the roof of a magma chamber as magma erupts.

What is a caldera?

A lava tube is a natural conduit formed by flowing lava which moves beneath the hardened surface of a lava flow. Tubes can drain lava from a volcano during an eruption, or can be extinct, meaning the lava flow has ceased, and the rock has cooled and left a long cave.

What is a lava tube?

when areas of submerged seafloor are exposed above the sea level.

What is regression

sea level rises relative to the land and the shoreline moves toward higher ground, resulting in flooding.

What is transgression

Composite Volcano

What kind of volcano is Mount Rainier

Caldera

What kind of volcano is in this figure?

Internal strain of the rock

What type of deformation is shown in this photograph?

large pyroclastic eruptions

What type of eruption formed the main volcanic features in this figure?

a viscous lava flow

What type of eruption formed this flow-banded obsidian?

Cleavage

What type of metamorphic feature is shown in this photograph?

horizontal compression

What type of stress could form the fault in this figure?

Joint

What type of structure is shown in this figure?

Plunging Anticline

What type of structure is shown in this figure?

asymmetric anticline

What type of structure is shown in this figure?

plunging syncline

What type of structure is shown in this figure?

coral reef at C

Which of the following environments would most likely form limestone?

well-developed soils on volcanic rocks

Which of the following would be evidence that a volcano has NOT been active for a long period of time?

dark-colored, fine-grained, igneous rock low viscosity igneous dike or a thin sill

basaltic

rock consisting of angular fragments cemented together. - meandering river would deposit this

breccia

When a divergent boundary occurs beneath oceanic lithosphere, the rising convection current below lifts the lithosphere, producing a mid-ocean ridge.

divergent margin

refers to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium Felsic magma or lava is higher in viscosity than mafic magma/lava.

felsic

forms continental crust light colored generally thick

felsic lava

is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that covers large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava.

flood basalts

a valley with a distinct escarpment on each side caused by the displacement of a block of land downward. - occur side by side with horsts

grabens

a horst is a raised fault block bounded by normal faults. A horst is a raised block of the Earth's crust that has lifted, or has remained stationary, while the land on either side has subsided. - occur side by side w grabens

horst

Regional metamorphism

is a type of metamorphism where rock minerals and texture are changed by heat and pressure over a wide area or region.

Contact metamorphism

is a type of metamorphism where rock minerals and texture are changed, mainly by heat, due to contact with magma

forms oceanic crust dark colored generally runny

mafic lava

A small cavity in a volcanic rock that was formed by the expansion of a bubble of gas that was trapped inside the lava.

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