Geosystems Quiz #10 (Chapter 13)

When rock is broken down and disintegrated in the presence of water and with chemical alterations to the rock, the process in operation is A. physical weathering. B. chemical weathering.

B. chemical weathering.

When the upper surface of consolidated rock undergoes constant weathering, it creates broken-up rock called A. bedrock. B. regolith. C. parent material.

B. regolith.

The mass movement process responsible for the curved growing pattern in trees is A. debris avalanche. B. soil creep. C. landslide. D. rockfall.

B. soil creep.

Which of the following statements is true regarding mountaintop mining in the Appalachians of West Virginia? A. About 10% of the land is either former or current surface mines. B. Excess rock produced by the mining process is used to fill river valleys. C. Many mountain streams are too salty because of the mines, making it difficult for aquatic life to survive. D. All of the above are true

D. All of the above are true

When rainwater attacks formations of limestone, the minerals dissolve and wash away with the mildly acid rainwater. This is an example of A. oxidation. B. crystallization. C. frost action. D. carbonation.

D. carbonation.

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term A. mass movement. B. erosion. C. weathering. D. denudation.

D. denudation.

The fact that water expands as much as 9% of its volume as it freezes is the basis of A. oxidization. B. exfoliation. C. salt crystal growth. D. frost wedging. E. hydrolysis

D. frost wedging.

The dynamic equilibrium model refers to A. a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape. B. a hypothesis involving the cyclic or evolutionary development of a landscape. C. the idea that landscapes show great variations over time, but the forces of denudation and orogeny always balance.

A. a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape.

A ________ is a mixture of water and loosely consolidated sediment, such as gravels, boulders, and coarse rock fragments, moving downslope. A. debris flow B. creep C. rockfall D. landslide E. slump

A. debris flow

When pressure is removed from overlying rock, the pressure of deep burial is relieved, initiating pressure-release jointing. The joints then separate into curved slabs. This is known as A. exfoliation. B. frost wedging. C. salt crystal growth.

A. exfoliation.

When rock is broken down and disintegrated without any chemical alterations, the process in operation is A. physical weathering. B. chemical weathering.

A. physical weathering.

Chemical weathering that softens and rounds the sharp edges and corners of jointed rock is known as A. spheroidal weathering. B. exfoliation. C. hydration.

A. spheroidal weathering.

________ occurs as rock surfaces heated by the Sun during the day expand slightly, and then contract with nighttime cooling. A. Exfoliation B. Thermal expansion C. Frost wedging

B. Thermal expansion

After a threshold is crossed, the landscape A. remains unstable thereafter. B. adjusts to a new equilibrium condition. C. looks identical to the landscape that existed prior to the crossing of the threshold.

B. adjusts to a new equilibrium condition.

The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is A. geology. B. geography. C. geomorphology.

C. geomorphology.

In which climates would rocks experience the highest amounts of chemical decomposition and decay? A. cold and wet B. cold and dry C. hot and wet D. hot and dry E. cool and moist

C. hot and wet

The downslope movement of a body of material made up of soil, sediment, or rock propelled by the force of gravity is known as A. lahar. B. downslope flow. C. mass movement.

C. mass movement.

Other than the rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of weathering processes is A. oxygen. B. nitrogen. C. water. D. carbon dioxide.

C. water.

Factors influencing the weathering process include A. the climate of an area only. B. rock composition and structure only. C. organic processes only. D. subsurface water only. E. rock composition and structure, climate, organic processes, and subsurface water.

E. rock composition and structure, climate, organic processes, and subsurface water.

Which of the following can lead to the slope failure that causes mass movement? A. saturation from rainfall only B. oversteepening of the slope only C. earthquakes only D. volcanic eruptions only E. saturation, oversteepening of slopes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.

E. saturation, oversteepening of slopes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.

The process that breaks down rock at the Earth's surface through disintegration of rocks into mineral particles or dissolving it into water is known as A. erosion. B. mass movement. C. landmass denudation. D. deposition. E. weathering.

E. weathering.