GI

Which of the following helps the nurse understand how the gastrointestinal tract in infants is different from older children? 1. Amount of saliva produced gradually decreases with age. 2. Capacity of the stomach, about 120 ml at birth, gradually increases with age. 3. Mechanical digestion does not begin until about 6 months of age. 4. Emptying time of the stomach gradually decreases with age.

4. Emptying time of the stomach gradually decreases with age.

Excessive vomiting can result in which of the following in an infant with pyloric stenosis? 1. Electrolysis 2. Hypernatremia 3. Metabolic acidosis 4. Metabolic alkalosis

4. Metabolic alkalosis

A child has a nasogastric (NG) tube after surgery for acute appendicitis. The purpose of the NG tube is which of the following? 1. Maintain electrolyte balance. 2. Maintain accurate record of output. 3. Prevent spread of infection. 4. Prevent abdominal distention.

4. Prevent abdominal distention.

Management of the child with a peptic ulcer may include which of the following? 1. Milk at frequent intervals 2. Antibiotic monotherapy 3. Coping with stress and adjusting to chronic illness 4. Sucralfate four times a day

4. Sucralfate four times a day

Which of the following is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process that may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus? 1. Crohn disease 2. Ulcerative colitis 3. Meckel diverticulum 4. Irritable bowel syndrome

1. Crohn disease

A frequently performed surgical procedure for gastroesophageal reflux is: 1. Nissen fundoplication. 2. appendectomy. 3. gastrostomy. 4. jejunostomy.

1. Nissen fundoplication.

The nurse is caring for a boy with probable intussusception. He had diarrhea before admission, but while waiting for a barium enema, he passes a normal brown stool. The most appropriate nursing action is which of the following? 1. Notify physician. 2. Measure abdominal girth. 3. Auscultate for bowel sounds. 4. Take vital signs, including blood pressure.

1. Notify physician.

Which of the following is a high-fiber food that the nurse could recommend for a child with chronic constipation? 1. Popcorn 2. Pancakes 3. Muffins 4. Ripe bananas

1. Popcorn

Which of the following tests is performed with endoscopy to determine presence of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach? 1. Urease test 2. Gastric acidity 3. D-xylose absorption test 4. Orthotolidine test

1. Urease test

Invagination of one segment of bowel within another is called which of the following? 1. Atresia 2. Stenosis 3. Herniation 4. Intussusception

4. Intussusception

Therapeutic management of most children with Hirschsprung disease is primarily which of the following? 1. Daily enemas 2. Low-fiber diet 3. Permanent colostomy 4. Surgical removal of affected section of bowel

4. Surgical removal of affected section of bowel

The nurse is discussing home care with a mother whose 6-year-old child has hepatitis A. Which of the following should the nurse include? 1. Bed rest is important until 1 week after the icteric phase. 2. Child should not return to school until 3 weeks after icteric phase. 3. Give reassurance that hepatitis A cannot be transmitted to other family members. 4. Teach infection-control measures to family members.

4. Teach infection-control measures to family members.

Therapeutic management of the child with an inflammatory bowel disease includes a diet that has which of the following components? 1. Low protein 2. Low calorie 3. High fiber 4. Vitamin supplements

4. Vitamin supplements

Which of the following tests is used to screen for carbohydrate malabsorption? 1. Stool pH 2. Gastric acidity 3. Orthotolidine test 4. C-urea breath test

1. Stool pH

Which of the following statements best describes Hirschsprung disease? 1. The colon has an aganglionic segment. 2. There is a passage of excessive amounts of meconium in the neonate. 3. It results in excessive peristaltic movements within the gastrointestinal tract. 4. It results in frequent evacuation of solids, liquid, and gas.

1. The colon has an aganglionic segment.

Which of the following statements best characterizes hepatitis A? 1. Incubation period is 6 weeks to 6 months. 2. Principal mode of transmission is through the parental route. 3. Children often have diarrhea that is attributed to gastroenteritis. 4. Virus can be found in almost all body fluids.

3. Children often have diarrhea that is attributed to gastroenteritis.

What should the nurse include when teaching an adolescent with Crohn disease? 1. Preventing spread of illness to others and nutritional guidance 2. Adjusting to chronic illness and preventing spread of illness to others 3. Coping with stress and adjusting to chronic illness 4. Nutritional guidance and preventing constipation

3. Coping with stress and adjusting to chronic illness

Which of the following is used to treat moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease? 1. Antacids 2. Antibiotics 3. Corticosteroids 4. Antidiarrheal medications

3. Corticosteroids

Which of the following statements is most descriptive of Meckel diverticulum? 1. It is more common in females than in males. 2. It is acquired during childhood. 3. Intestinal bleeding may be mild or profuse. 4. Medical interventions are usually sufficient to treat the problem.

3. Intestinal bleeding may be mild or profuse.

Which of the following diets would be appropriate for the child with celiac disease? 1. Salt-free 2. Phenylalanine-free 3. Low gluten 4. High calories, high protein, low-fat

3. Low gluten

A 3-year-old child with Hirschsprung disease is hospitalized for surgery. A temporary colostomy will be necessary. The nurse should recognize that preparing this child is which of the following? 1. Not necessary because of child's age 2. Not necessary because colostomy is temporary 3. Necessary because it will be an adjustment 4. Necessary because child needs to deal with negative body image

3. Necessary because it will be an adjustment

The mother of a child with cognitive impairment calls the nurse because her son has been gagging and drooling all morning. The nurse suspects foreign body ingestion because of which of the following? 1. Gastrointestinal perforation 2. Object may have been aspirated 3. Object may be lodged in esophagus 4. Object may be embedded in stomach wall

3. Object may be lodged in esophagus

When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse should be alert to recognize that a sign of perforation is which of the following? 1. Fever 2. Anorexia 3. Sudden relief from pain 4. Decreased abdominal distention

3. Sudden relief from pain

Which of the following observations made of the exposed abdomen is most indicative of pyloric stenosis? 1. Abdominal rigidity 2. Substernal retraction 3. Visible peristalsis 4. Marked distention of lower abdomen

3. Visible peristalsis

An adolescent with irritable bowel syndrome comes to see the school nurse. The nurse should know that: 1. a low-fiber diet is indicated. 2. a histamine-receptor antagonist such as Tagamet is indicated. 3. it is important to relieve environmental stressors. 4. it is important to reduce intake of milk products.

3. it is important to relieve environmental stressors.

A histamine-receptor antagonist such as Tagamet or Zantac is ordered on an infant with gastroesophageal reflux. The purpose of this is to: 1. prevent reflux. 2. prevent hematemesis. 3. reduce gastric acid production. 4. increase gastric acid production.

3. reduce gastric acid production.

Melena, the passage of black, tarry stools, suggests bleeding from the: 1. perianal or rectal area. 2. hemorrhoids or anal fissures. 3. upper gastrointestinal tract. 4. lower gastrointestinal tract.

3. upper gastrointestinal tract.

Which of the following clinical manifestations would be the most suggestive of acute appendicitis? 1. Diarrhea 2. Bright red or dark red rectal bleeding 3. Abdominal pain that is relieved by eating 4. Abdominal pain that is most intense at McBurney point

4. Abdominal pain that is most intense at McBurney point

Pica refers to which of the following? 1. Overeating of nonnutritive food substances. 2. Refusal to eat proper amounts of food despite its availability. 3. Compulsive ingestion of unusual foods that persists over time. 4. Compulsive and excessive ingestion of both food and nonfood substances.

4. Compulsive and excessive ingestion of both food and nonfood substances.

A toddler's mother calls the nurse because she thinks her son has swallowed a button-type of battery. He has no signs of respiratory distress. The nurse's response should be based on which of the following? 1. The location needs to be confirmed by x-ray. 2. An emergency laparotomy is very likely. 3. Surgery will be necessary if the battery has not passed in the stool in 48 hours. 4. Careful observation is essential because an ingested battery cannot be accurately detected.

1. The location needs to be confirmed by x-ray.

Foreign body objects commonly ingested by children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years include: 1. buttons, coins, and toys. 2. earring backs. 3. fish or chicken bones. 4. meat or meat bones.

1. buttons, coins, and toys.

Omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin are prescribed for a child with a peptic ulcer to: 1. eradicate Helicobacter pylori. 2. coat gastric mucosa. 3. treat epigastric pain. 4. reduce gastric acid production.

1. eradicate Helicobacter pylori.

The best chance of survival for a child with cirrhosis is: 1. liver transplantation. 2. treatment with corticosteroids. 3. treatment with immune globulin. 4. providing nutritional support.

1. liver transplantation.

The nurse is caring for a child admitted with acute abdominal pain and possible appendicitis. Which of the following is appropriate to relieve the abdominal discomfort? 1. Place in Trendelenburg position. 2. Allow to assume position of comfort. 3. Apply moist heat to the abdomen. 4. Administer a saline enema to cleanse bowel.

2. Allow to assume position of comfort.

Which of the following are the most common symptoms of the prodromal phase of acute viral hepatitis? 1. Anorexia, vomiting 2. Anorexia, malaise 3. Dark urine, pale stools 4. Fatigability, jaundice

2. Anorexia, malaise

Which of the following is now recommended for the immunization of all adolescents? 1. Hepatitis A vaccine 2. Hepatitis B vaccine 3. Hepatitis C vaccine 4. Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines

2. Hepatitis B vaccine

Pyloric stenosis can best be described as which of the following? 1. Dilatation of pylorus 2. Hypertrophy of pyloric muscle 3. Hypotoxicity of pyloric muscle 4. Hypotonicity of pyloric muscle

2. Hypertrophy of pyloric muscle

Which of the following is true concerning hepatitis B? 1. It cannot exist in carrier state. 2. It can be prevented by hepatitis B virus vaccine. 3. Principal mode of transmission is fecal-oral route. 4. Immunity to all types of hepatitis develops after one attack.

2. It can be prevented by hepatitis B virus vaccine.

An infant with short bowel syndrome will be discharged home on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and gastrostomy feedings. Nursing care should include which of the following? 1. Maintain strict NPO status. 2. Provide pacifier for nonnutritive sucking. 3. Teach family how to calculate caloric needs. 4. Secure TPN and gastrostomy tubing under diaper to lessen risk of dislodgement.

2. Provide pacifier for nonnutritive sucking.

Enemas are ordered to empty the bowel preoperatively for a child with Hirschsprung disease. The enema solution should be: 1. tap water. 2. normal saline. 3. soap solution. 4. phosphate preparation.

2. normal saline.

A nurse receives an accidental needle puncture. Hepatitis B immune globulin should be given within how many hours of exposure? 1. 12 2. 24 3. 72 4. 96

3. 72

Constipation has recently become a problem for a school-age girl. She is healthy except for seasonal allergies, which are now being successfully treated with antihistamines. In this situation, the constipation is most likely caused by which of the following? 1. Diet 2. Allergies 3. Antihistamines 4. Emotional factors

3. Antihistamines

After surgery yesterday for gastroesophageal reflux, the nurse finds that the infant has somehow removed the nasogastric (NG) tube. The most appropriate nursing action is which of the following? 1. Notify surgeon. 2. Replace NG tube so feedings can be given. 3. Replace NG tube to maintain gastric decompression. 4. Leave NG tube out because it has probably been in long enough.

1. Notify surgeon.

A nursing responsibility when caring for an infant with suspected pyloric stenosis would be which of the following? 1. Observe for projectile vomiting. 2. Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis. 3. Administer large, infrequent feedings to allow for rest. 4. Place infant in supine position after feedings.

1. Observe for projectile vomiting.

Which of the following is an important nursing consideration in the care of a child with celiac disease? 1. Refer to a nutritionist for detailed dietary instructions and education. 2. Help child and family understand that diet restrictions are usually only temporary. 3. Teach proper handwashing and standard precautions to prevent disease transmission. 4. Suggest ways to cope more effectively with stress to minimize symptoms.

1. Refer to a nutritionist for detailed dietary instructions and education.

A child with acute gastrointestinal bleeding is admitted to the hospital. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as a sign of shock? 1. Restlessness 2. Increased temperature 3. Rapid capillary refill 4. Decreased respiratory and heart rates

1. Restlessness