GI Quiz

the anatomic feature of the appendix that increases the likelihood of obstructions and inflammation is that it has which of the following properties? a. a structure with only one opening b. part of the ileocecal valve c. a very thin walled structure d. it is routinely exposed to fecal matter as it moves through the GI tract

a. a structure with only one opening

the nurse cares for a client in the long term care facility with large volume, secretory diarrhea. Which of the following is most likely to be the cause of this client's diarrhea? a. c diff infection b. irritable bowel syndrome c. pancreatic enzyme deficiency d. chronic laxative misuse

a. c diff infection

in the liver, ammonia is what? a. converted into urea and excreted by the kidneys b. released into the intestines and converted into real by bacteria c. detoxified and stored in the liver d. made into amino acids and used in protein synthesis

a. converted into urea and excreted by the kidneys

which sphincter prevents reflux of digested material from the colon into the small intestine? a. ileocecal valve b. haustral segmentation c. pyloric sphincter d. lower esophageal sphincter

a. ileocecal valve

the first symptom of acute appendicitis in an otherwise healthy individual is what? a. periumbilical pain or discomfort b. N/V c. muscle spasm and rebound tenderness d. right lower quadrant pain

a. periumbilical pain or discomfort

a client has adult onset gastric mucosal atrophy in which parietal cells are destroyed. Which of the following is a realistic condition that this client will likely experience? a. pernicious anemia b. hiatal hernia c. constipation d. acid reflux gastritis

a. pernicious anemia

which of the following causes initial tissue damage in the case of pancreatitis? a. premature activation of pancreatic enzymes b. hydrochloric acid reflux into the pancreatic duct c. systemic inflammatory response syndrome d. immune destruction of the pancreas

a. premature activation of pancreatic enzymes

one of the first lines of defense against auto digestion of the stomach is which of the following? a. production of gastric mucus b. presence of serosal membrane c. secretion of gastrin d. secretion of pepsinogen

a. production of gastric mucus

mucus production to form the mucosal barrier in the stomach is stimulated by the release of which substance? a. prostaglandins b. histamine c. gastrin d. somatostain

a. prostaglandins

the capillaries of the liver are more commonly known as hepatic __ a. sinusoids b. papillae c. ducts d. canaliculi

a. sinusoids

a sedated, intubated trauma patient develops an ulcer after being hypotensive for 2 weeks in the ICU. This type of ulcer is called what? a. stress ulcer b. gastric ulcer c. duodenal ulcer d. h. pylori ulcer

a. stress ulcer

gallstones are aggregates of substances found in which of the following? a. mucus b. bile c. chyme d. unconjugated bilirubin

b. bile

a client is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. This condition is most likely caused by which of the following? a. gastric erosions related to a high ammonia level and bile reflux b. breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions c. decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement d. hereditary hormonal imbalances

b. breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions

in cirrhosis, increased blood ammonia levels result from impaired liver function related to which of the following? a. ammonium production b. protein breakdown c. prothrombin production d. bile production

b. protein breakdown

protein digestion and absorption occurs in which of the following? a. small intestine and large intestine b. stomach and small intestine c. mouth and stomach d. stomach and large intestine

b. stomach and small intestine

which of the following is the primary function of the gallbladder? a. metabolizes bile salts b. stores bile between meals c. produces bile d. release nutrients into the blood

b. stores bile between meals

a client with a history of IV drug abuse was diagnosed with Hepatitis C five years ago. He is now experiencing impaired blood clotting. A decrease in which of the following could be the cause? a. folic acid b. vitamin K c. vitamin B12 d. thiamine

b. vitamin K

auto digestion of cells and tissues is associated with which of the following conditions? a. GERD b. cholecystitis c. acute pancreatitis d. hepatitis c

c. acute pancreatitis

hepatitis A is characterized by which of the following? a. a sexual mode of transmission b. a positive carrier state c. an acute onset with fever d. an incubation period of 180 days

c. an acute onset with fever

the primary bile acids are synthesized from ___ by hepatocytes lining the bile canaliculi a. testosterone b. fatty acids c. cholesterol d. lecithin

c. cholesterol

a client has general symptoms of gallstones but is also jaundiced. Cholangiograpahy would most likely reveal that the gallstones are obstructing what? a. gallbladder b. cystic duct c. common bile duct d. intrahepatic bile canaliculi

c. common bile duct

hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease is the result of which of the following? a. fluid and electrolyte imbalances b. hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice c. impaired ammonia and metabolism d. decreased cerebral blood flow

c. impaired ammonia and metabolism

a patient has a GI bleed. In response to this, the nurse would expect the BUN to: a. decrease due to lack of blood flow to kidneys b. increase only if blood supply to the kidneys is decreased c. increase due to the breakdown of blood in the GI tract d. decrease due to the breakdown of blood in the GI tract

c. increase due to the breakdown of blood in the GI tract

which of the following symptoms would help a nurse distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease? a. pattern of exacerbation and remission b. diarrhea c. malabsorption and steatorrhea d. abdominal pain

c. malabsorption and steatorrhea

the cardinal sign of pyloric stenosis caused by ulceration or tumors is which of the following? a. heartburn b. constipation c. projectile vomiting d. diarrhea

c. projectile vomiting

what is the term for excessive fat content in feces? a. cheilosis b. hyperlipidemia c. steatorrhea d. hematochezia

c. steatorrhea

which information indicates the nurse understands digestion? During the cephalic and gastric phases of digestion, gallbladder contraction is mediated by branches of which nerve/system? a. sympathetic nervous system b. somatic nervous system c. vagus nerve d. glossopharyngeal nerve

c. vagus nerve

shock can develop with acute pancreatitis for which of the following reasons? a. the pancreas is always infected in pancreatitis b. insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia lead to a high output state c. vasoactive inflammatory mediators are released into the blood stream d. pancreatitis usually results in severe bleeding

c. vasoactive inflammatory mediators are released into the blood stream

absorption of nutrients from the small intestine is primarily achieved by which structure? a. splenic veins b. mesentary c. villi d. lamina propria

c. villi

Unlike the Crohn type of inflammatory bowel disease, the ulcerative colitis type is associated with: a. gastric ulcers b. skip lesions c. small intestine disease only d. bloody stools with purulent mucus

d. bloody stools with purulent mucus

clients with alcoholism and liver cirrhosis often develop edema due to which of the following mechanisms? a. increased production of albumin b. inability to absorb vitamin K and decreased production of aldosterone c. decreased production of angiotensin 2 causing an increase in hydrostatic pressure d. decreased albumin and the inability to break down aldosterone

d. decreased albumin and the inability to break down aldosterone

an out pouching of the mucosa through the muscle layers of the colon wall is termed which of the following? a. gallstone b. stricuture c. varicies d. diverticula

d. diverticula

the basic function of bile is to perform which of the following functions? a. maintain pH of optimum fat absorption b. dissolve fatty acids c. convert fats to fatty acids d. emulsify fats

d. emulsify fats

which of the following describes the secretions of acing cells of the pancreas? a. bicarbonate b. electrolytes c. mucus d. enzymes

d. enzymes

which of the following is associated with pancreatitis? a. hypercalcemia b. hypokalemia c. decreased serum amylase d. hypocalcemia

d. hypocalcemia

the icteric phase of jaundice is characterized by which of the following clinical manifestations? a. fatigue, malaise, vomiting b. resolution of jaundice, liver function returns to normal c. fulminant liver failure, hepatorenal syndrome d. jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver

d. jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver

a client with a history of IV drug use and advanced liver disease presents with oliguria, jaundice, ascites, and GI bleeding. He is diagnosed with hepatorenal syndrome. Which of the following would support this diagnosis? a. ascites and nephrotic syndrome b. cirrhosis and renal artery stenosis c. hepatitis and glomerulonephritis d. portal hypertension and renal failure caused by circulatory problems

d. portal hypertension and renal failure caused by circulatory problems

a client was diagnosed with a bacterial gastrointestinal infection. Which of the following diarrhea types would most likely occur with this condition? a. hypotonic b. osmotic c. motility d. secretory

d. secretory

which of the following is a function of prostaglandins in the gastrointestinal system? a. diminishes gastric mucosa b. decrease secretion of bicarbonate c. increase secretion of acid d. stimulate secretion of mucus

d. stimulate secretion of mucus

Intrahepatic obstructive jaundice is characterized by elevated levels of serum ___ a. unconjugated bilirubin only b. conjugated bilirubin c. urobilinogen d. unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin

d. unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin

a client is complaining of pain in the right upper quadrant. Assuming the source of the pain is caused by a stimulus acting on an organ, the pain would be classified as which of the following? a. retroperitoneal b. pariteal c. somatic d. visceral

d. visceral