GI

Which is true of the action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease? 1. They block gastric acid production. 2. They increase gastric pH. 3. They increase gastric emptying. 4. They decrease gastric acid production.

1. They block gastric acid production.

Which clinical manifestation is least likely to occur in clients with gastritis? 1. Weight gain 2. Low blood pressure 3. Changes in stool color 4. Increased heart rate

1. Weight gain

A nurse is teaching a client with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) about a precautionary measure that he or she needs to take in order to prevent further complications. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further training? 1. "I should consume 10 grams of fiber each day." 2. "I should drink 8 to 10 cups of liquid per day." 3. "I should avoid drinking beverages that contain sorbitol or fructose." 4. "I should sleep at least 7 to 8 hours each night."

1. "I should consume 10 grams of fiber each day."

The RN is teaching postsurgical care to a client who has undergone a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication surgery. Which statement of the client indicates the need for further teaching? 1. "I should drinking water rapidly." 2. "I should report severe bloating or unusual pain." 3. "I will notify the primary health-care provider if I have difficulty breathing." 4. "I should continue my antireflux medication regimen unless advised by a health-care practitioner."

1. "I should drinking water rapidly."

A nurse is teaching a client with stomatitis about the precautionary measures that can promote rapid healing. Which steps reiterated by the client post-teaching indicate a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. 1. "I should use a hard bristled toothbrush to clean the mouth." 2. "I should apply water soluble lubricants for lips and mouth." 3. "I should use lemon-glycerin swabs to clean the mouth." 4. "I should remove dentures and other oral appliances if pain persists." 5. "I should limit intake of protein-rich foods in the diet."

1. "I should use a hard bristled toothbrush to clean the mouth." 3."I should use lemon-glycerin swabs to clean the mouth." 5. "I should limit intake of protein-rich foods in the diet."

Which is true of ulcerative colitis? Select all that apply. 1. Complications such as hemorrhage and nutritional deficiencies may occur. 2. It occurs anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. 3. Weight loss rarely occurs. 4. Granuloma is common. 5. Stools are frequent and watery with blood and mucus.

1. Complications such as hemorrhage and nutritional deficiencies may occur. 3. Weight loss rarely occurs. 5. Stools are frequent and watery with blood and mucus.

A nurse is discussing postsurgery care techniques for a client with a hernia. Which techniques are appropriate? Select all that apply. 1. Inspect the incision for signs and symptoms of infection and report any concerns to the primary health-care provider. 2. Avoid heavy lifting for several weeks. 3. Promote atelectasis and venous thromboembolism (VTE). 4. Avoid deep breathing and early ambulation. 5. Splint the surgical site with pillows while coughing.

1. Inspect the incision for signs and symptoms of infection and report any concerns to the primary health-care provider. 2. Avoid heavy lifting for several weeks. 5. Splint the surgical site with pillows while coughing.

Which are common symptoms of advanced gastric cancer? Select all that apply. 1. Nausea and vomiting 2. Heartburn 3. Enlarged lymph nodes 4. Weight gain 5. Anemia

1. Nausea and vomiting 3. Enlarged lymph nodes 5. Anemia

Which can increase intraabdominal pressure in a client with a hiatal hernia? 1. Obesity 2. Hemorrhage 3. Laryngeal edema 4. Esophageal strictures

1. Obesity

A client underwent a partial gastrectomy as a surgical intervention for gastric cancer. The primary health-care provider asks the nurse to monitor the client for the occurrence of postsurgical problems, such as dumping syndrome. Which manifestations in the client would the nurse consider indicative of onset of dumping syndrome? Select all that apply 1. Pallor 2. Tachycardia 3. Sweating 4. Bradycardia 5. Indigestion

1. Pallor 2. Tachycardia 3. Sweating

While diagnosing a client with oral trauma, the nurse finds ineffective airway clearance. Which characteristic findings are likely observed? Select all that apply. 1. Respiratory stridor 2. Impaired ability to eat or drink 3. Swelling in and around the mouth 4. Increased vascularity of the face and mouth 5. Difficulty in managing oral secretions

1. Respiratory stridor 3. Swelling in and around the mouth

Which is true regarding H2 receptor antigen antagonists in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease? Select all that apply. 1. Some clients may develop a tolerance. 2. They have a delayed onset of action and a longer duration of action. 3. They reduce acid production longer than antacids but are slower to take effect. 4. They are more effective in suppressing gastric acid secretion than proton pump inhibitors. 5. They decrease acid production of parietal cells in the stomach lining by blocking histamine2 at one of the first steps of acid production.

1. Some clients may develop a tolerance. 3. They reduce acid production longer than antacids but are slower to take effect. 5. They decrease acid production of parietal cells in the stomach lining by blocking histamine2 at one of the first steps of acid production.

Which action performed by a nurse while assessing a client that has had surgery to repair a hernia may increase the risk of complications? 1. Starting the client on a regular diet postoperatively 2. Applying an ice pack to the scrotum and elevating the scrotum 3. Giving the client a prescription for pain medication prior to discharge 4. Administering adequate pain management medications

1. Starting the client on a regular diet postoperatively

A student nurse is listing the steps that need to be followed when caring for a client with acute gastritis. Which step listed by the student nurse indicates a need for further training? 1. "Provide rest to the gastrointestinal tract with 6 to 12 hours of NPO status." 2. "Introduce clear liquids such as caffeinated beverages." 3. "Gradually introduce heavier liquids, such as cream soups, puddings, and milk." 4. "Finally, introduce bland foods that are not highly spiced."

2. "Introduce clear liquids such as caffeinated beverages."

The primary health-care provider has prescribed sucralfate for a client with gastritis. Which is the nurse's best response to the client if he or she wants to know why this medication has been prescribed? 1. "It helps in preventing pernicious anemia." 2. "It helps in preventing mucosal damage by gastric acid." 3. "It helps in decreasing gastric acidity by neutralizing the acid." 4. "It helps in obstructing H+-K+-ATPase enzyme in the gastric parietal cells."

2. "It helps in preventing mucosal damage by gastric acid."

Which instruction provided by a student nurse for a client with hemorrhoids may lead to further complications? 1. "Wash the surgical area gently and pat to keep it dry." 2. "Strain in order to have a regular bowel movement." 3. "Apply cold packs and use sitz baths to reduce pain." 4. "Include good sources of fluids and fiber in the diet."

2. "Strain in order to have a regular bowel movement."

Which point listed by a nursing student regarding type II (rolling type) hiatal hernia indicates a need for further learning? 1. "Type II hiatal hernia can be treated with Nissen fundoplication laparoscopic surgery." 2. "Type II hiatal hernia has a lower rate of occurrence than type I." 3. "Type II hiatal hernia can be treated with herniorrhaphy." 4. "Type II hiatal hernia can be treated with herniotomy."

2. "Type II hiatal hernia has a lower rate of occurrence than type I."

Which describes grade 1 oral stomatitis? 1. Symptomatic and unable to eat or drink by mouth 2. Able to eat a normal diet with minimal symptoms 3. Symptoms are life threatening 4. Symptomatic, but can eat a modified diet

2. Able to eat a normal diet with minimal symptoms

Which nursing actions should a nurse perform when caring for a client with peptic ulcer disease? Select all that apply. 1. Include bedtime snacks for the client. 2. Document and notify the primary health-care provider about symptoms of dumping syndrome. 3. Administer proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) after meals. 4. Administer antacids 1 to 3 hours after meals. 5. Prepare the client for an upper endoscopy or surgery per order.

2. Document and notify the primary health-care provider about symptoms of dumping syndrome. 4. Administer antacids 1 to 3 hours after meals. 5. Prepare the client for an upper endoscopy or surgery per order.

Which type of fistula occurs between the bowel and bladder? 1. Enterocutaneous fistula 2. Enterovesicular fistula 3. Enteroenteral fistula 4. Enterovaginal fistula

2. Enterovesicular fistula

Which can relieve the effects of xerostomia? Select all that apply. 1. Pain relievers 2. Frequent mouth care 3. Lubricants 4. Caffeine 5. Sipping water throughout the day

2. Frequent mouth care 3. Lubricants 5. Sipping water throughout the day

A client reports pain in the abdomen and fever. Which other symptoms of the client will help to diagnose the condition as diverticulitis? Select all that apply. 1. Vomiting 2. Tachycardia 3. Blood in stools 4. Elevated red blood cell count 5. Elevated white blood cell count

2. Tachycardia 3. Blood in stools 5. Elevated white blood cell count

A client has undergone a hemorrhoidectomy. Under which conditions will the client be discharged? Select all that apply. 1. The client has urinary retention. 2. The client's blood pressure was 130/80 mm Hg. 3. The temperature of the client is 101°F. 4. The rectal area of the client appears swollen. 5. The client has significant drainage at the surgical site.

2. The client's blood pressure was 130/80 mm Hg. 4. The rectal area of the client appears swollen.

The primary health-care provider suspects a client has peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Which diagnostic test should the nurse expect to be performed to confirm a diagnosis of PUD? 1. Fecal occult blood test 2. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy 3. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) 4. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

2. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy

A client reports epigastric pain, blood in stools, and a loss of appetite. Which diagnostic test is the primary health-care provider most likely to order so as to determine if the client has Helicobacter pylori infection? 1. Endoscopy 2. Urea breath test 3. Complete blood count 4. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) x-ray

2. Urea breath test

Which diagnostic tests are used to detect an active infection with Helicobacter pylori? Select all that apply. 1. Radiologic test 2. Urea breath test 3. Barium x-ray test 4. Serologic test 5. Fecal antigen test

2. Urea breath test 5. Fecal antigen test

Which diagnostic test can be used to detect an active infection by Helicobacter pylori? 1. Colonoscopy 2. Urea breath testing 3. White blood cell count 4. Computed tomography (CT) scan

2. Urea breath testing

Which medication can help to decrease the gag reflex if administered to a client with stomatitis? 1. IV acyclovir 2. Viscous lidocaine 3. Nystatin 4. Histamine receptor agonists

2. Viscous lidocaine

In which way are external hemorrhoids diagnosed? 1. Anoscopy 2. Visual inspection 3. Digital examination 4. Sigmoidoscopy

2. Visual inspection

An LPN is discussing a Helicobacter pylori infection with student nurses. Which statement made a student nurse indicates a need for further discussion? 1. "The most common form of chronic gastritis is caused by H pylori infection." 2. "The incidence of H pylori infection increases in clients who are older than 60." 3. "H pylori infection is more prevalent in industrialized countries than in developing countries." 4. "Urea breath testing can be used to detect active infection with H pylori."

3. "H pylori infection is more prevalent in industrialized countries than in developing countries."

Which clinical manifestation should a nurse look for in a client diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer? 1. A client may complain of dizziness, sweating, and palpations. 2. A client may complain of ulcer-like pain that cannot be relieved by antacids. 3. A client may complain of burning epigastric pain, which can be relieved after taking antacids. 4. A client may complain about a feeling of extreme hunger.

3. A client may complain of burning epigastric pain, which can be relieved after taking antacids.

Which symptoms are commonly seen in elderly adult clients with diverticulitis? 1. High fever 2. Decreased white blood cell (WBC) count 3. Altered mental status 4. Severe abdominal tenderness

3. Altered mental status

A client is diagnosed with drug-induced (NSAID) peptic ulcer disease. Which clinical findings is the nurse most likely to find in the client? 1. Decrease in pepsin secretion 2. Increase in bicarbonate levels 3. Decrease in mucus production 4. Increase in gastric mucosal blood flow

3. Decrease in mucus production

The primary health-care provider prescribed famotidine to a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which outcome can be expected? 1. Neutralization of stomach acid 2. Increased gastric emptying 3. Decreased production of acid 4. Blocking the production of acid

3. Decreased production of acid

Which action performed by a nurse for a client with hiatal hernia indicates a need for further discussion? 1. Educating the client to limit carbonated beverages and acidic foods. 2. Educating the client to wear light and comfortable clothing 3. Encouraging the client to eat meals 30 minutes before lying supine 4. Encouraging the client and family about maintaining a normal weight

3. Encouraging the client to eat meals 30 minutes before lying supine

Which is the most common cause of gastritis? 1. NSAIDs 2. Crohn's disease 3. Helicobacter pylori 4. Alcohol consumption

3. Helicobacter pylori

Which is true regarding prokinetic drugs such as metoclopramide? 1. Long-term use of the drug is associated with hip fractures. 2. Long-term use of the drug can interfere with the absorption of iron. 3. Long-term use of the drug may result in tardive dyskinesia. 4. Long-term use of the drug can interact with warfarin.

3. Long-term use of the drug may result in tardive dyskinesia.

Which complication of peptic ulcer disease has the characteristic of epigastric fullness and heaviness after meals? 1. Penetration 2. Perforation 3. Obstruction 4. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding

3. Obstruction

Which assessment finding is related only to a duodenal ulcer? 1. Blood in the stools 2. Ineffectiveness of antacids 3. Pain that increases on an empty stomach 4. Pain that worsens immediately after eating

3. Pain that increases on an empty stomach

Which intervention is considered a conservative treatment for hemorrhoids? 1. Bipolar, infrared, and laser coagulation 2. Sclerotherapy 3. Sitz bath 4. Hemorrhoidectomy

3. Sitz bath

The nurse is discussing oral care with a client who has stomatitis. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further discussion? 1. "I should brush my teeth after each meal." 2. "I should remove my dentures if pain persists." 3. "I should go for regular dental check-ups." 4. "I should use alcohol-containing mouthwashes."

4. "I should use alcohol-containing mouthwashes."

Which point listed by a nursing student regarding antacids in treating gastritis indicates a need for further learning? 1. "They heal ulcers by inhibiting pepsin." 2. "They are generally aluminum- or magnesium-containing compounds." 3. "They heal ulcers by increasing local prostaglandin synthesis." 4. "They block production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach."

4. "They block production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach."

Which nursing diagnosis of a client with gastritis is related to irritated stomach mucosa? 1. Anxiety 2. Deficient knowledge 3. Risk for deficient fluid volume 4. Acute pain

4. Acute pain

Which is the primary goal of treatment in the client diagnosed with ulcerative colitis? 1. Combating stress 2. Combating infection 3. Correcting malnutrition 4. Controlling inflammation

4. Controlling inflammation

Which diagnostic test involves direct visual examination to identify gastric cancer and gastric mucosal abnormalities? 1. Biopsy 2. Computed tomography (CT) scan 3. Endoscopic ultrasonography 4. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

4. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A client reports tarry stools and emesis with a "coffee grounds" appearance. The symptoms are indicative of peptic ulcer disease. Which complication is the client likely experiencing? 1. Perforation 2. Penetration 3. Obstruction 4. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding

4. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding

An LPN is talking with a student nurse about the symptoms of a client diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Which symptom listed by the student nurse indicates a need for further discussion? 1. Sensation of incomplete evacuation 2. More frequent stools at the onset of pain 3. Visible abdominal distension 4. Hard stools at the onset of pain

4. Hard stools at the onset of pain

Which treatment is the gold standard and most preferred for hiatal hernia repair? 1. Herniotomy 2. Herniorrhaphy 3. Antireflux procedure 4. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

4. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

A postoperative client with arthritis suddenly vomits emesis with a coffee-grounds appearance without experiencing any pain. The endoscopy indicates a peptic ulcer. Which is the most likely case of the ulcer? 1. Long-term consumption of coffee 2. Complication of arthritis 3. Long-term use of antibiotics 4. Long-term use of painkillers

4. Long-term use of painkillers

Which drugs are most beneficial for a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) to block the production of acid? Select all that apply. 1. Nizatidine 2. Ranitidine 3. Cimetidine 4. Omeprazole 5. Lansoprazole

4. Omeprazole 5. Lansoprazole

Which treatment regimen is used as a first line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in clients who are allergic to penicillin? 1. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + bismuth subsalicylate + metronidazole + tetracycline 2. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + clarithromycin + amoxicillin 3. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + levofloxacin + amoxicillin 4. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + clarithromycin + metronidazole

4. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + clarithromycin + metronidazole

Which is a noninvasive test for detecting peptic ulcer disease (PUD)? 1. Upper-endoscopy test 2. Liver function test 3. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) 4. Stool antigen test

4. Stool antigen test

Which is true regarding diverticulitis? 1. This occurs frequently in the jejunum. 2. This can be seen more frequently in vegetarians. 3. This is more common in newborns. 4. This occurs more in Western industrialized societies.

4. This occurs more in Western industrialized societies.

A nurse is caring for a client who presents to the emergency department with abdominal trauma and requires advanced trauma life support (ATLS). Arrange the order in which the nurse should perform the task.

When providing care to a client with abdominal trauma, the nurse should abide by the ATLS protocol that follows the ABCDE pattern. Therefore, the nurse should start with airway, followed by breathing; after this, the nurse should check the client's status in regarding circulation, disability (neurological status), and finally, exposure.