global health exam 1

Which of the following is a Millennium Development Goal? a. Between 1990 and 2015, halve the under-5 mortality rate. b. Between 1990 and 2015, halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger. c. Between 1990 and 2015, halve the maternal mortality ratio. d. All of these are correct.

Between 1990 and 2015, half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

A major goal of Healthy People 2010 is to do which of the following? A. Decrease disparities B. Improve heart disease outcomes C. Eradicate obesity D. Eliminate disparities

Eliminate disparities

Metabolic syndrome puts people at greatest risk of developing which of the following? A. Heart disease B. Stroke C. Diabetes D. Chronic kidney problems

Heart Disease

Which of the following is an important consideration in providing quality care? A. Negotiation with insurance providers B. Inclusion of essential others C. Collaboration with social services D. Consultation with specialists

Inclusion of essential others

An example of ineffective communication across cultures includes which of the following: A. Speaking with the your eyes B. Reading too much into non-verbal behavior C. Treating pain as an objective sign of distress D. Labeling a person who is experiencing pain as drug seeking

Labeling a person who is experiencing pain as drug seeking

Which country is most likely to have a "population pyramid," with a wide base and progressively tapering tip (triangle shaped)? a. Niger b. Germany c. India d. Libya

Niger

Which of the following factors would be linked to an anti-smoking campaign? A. Structure B. Financing C. Historical D. Preventive

Preventative

The denominator for infant mortality rate is: a. 1,000 births in a given year b. 10,000 live births in a given year c. 1,000 pregnancies in a given year d. 1,000 live births in a given year

1,000 live births in a given year

What percentage of women after experiencing a heart episode have a higher chance of dying within a year of the episode as compared to men? A. 15% B. 25% C. 35% D. 50%

25%

which statement about the present status of global health is true? a. About 146,000 deaths occurred from measles globally in 2013. b. Dengue fever is a significant public health problem but is confined to Southeast Asia. c. West Nile virus is not yet present in the United States. d. Large investments have been made in the last 20 years by the private sector in the development of new TB drugs.

About 146,000 deaths occurred from measles globally in 2013.

The most significant contributor to metabolic syndrome is: A. Being obese B. Living a sedentary lifestyle C. Genetics D. All of these

All of these

Which of the following is most likely to have the lowest life expectancy at birth? a. A white American male b. A white Australian female c. An aboriginal Australian female d. A Canadian of East Asian descent

An aboriginal Australian female

Which of the following is an effective way to include patients and families in health decisions? A. Tell them what to do B. Ask questions C. Manage their budgets D. Use humor

Ask questions

Individuals who live in developed countries have an advantage over those living in developing countries because they generally: A. receive less costly health care B. medications are superior C. Access is equitable D. Care quality is good

Care quality is good

Which of the following best defines the concept of primary care? A. Care that is available in hospitals B. Care that is available on first contact C. Care that is available at specialized clinics D. Care that is available at urgent care centers

Care that is available on first contact

What would buy you the most health gained for the least cost? a. Childhood vaccination b. TB treatment c. Treatment of blocked arteries with surgery d. Emergency obstetric care

Childhood vaccination

Which of the following is not a Millennium Development Goal? a. Achieve universal primary education b. Ensure environmental sustainability c. Combat heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases d. Promote gender equality and empower women

Combat heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases

Two countries which exemplify primary health care systems include A. Canada and the United States B. Russia and Cuba C. Ghana and the United Kingdom D. Cuba and Brazil

Cuba and Brazil

Which statement about health expenditure and outcomes is false? a.Sri Lanka spends relatively little on health and has a relatively higher life expectancy than many countries that spend a higher share of GDP on health. b. Cuba spends a relatively high share of its GDP on health and has a low life expectancy. c. Kenya spends a relatively low share of its GDP on health and has low life expectancy. d.The U.S. spends a relatively high share of its GDP on health and has lower life expectancy than many countries that spend a lower share of GDP on health.

Cuba spend a relatively high share of its GDP on health and has a low life expectancy

Which of the following was not a feature of smallpox? a. There were no reservoirs of infection b. Diagnosis was made by laboratory testing since the rash was not distinct c. Survivors gained lifetime immunity d. The disease was severe, which made patients take to their beds and infect few others

Diagnosis was made by laboratory testing since the rash was not distinct

Which of the following factors emphasizes inequalities in health care? A. Financing B. Disparities C. Preventive D. Structure

Disparities

Which of the following best describes the Affordable Care Act known also as the Obama Plan has which of the following characteristics? It: A. Does not include a public option B. Covers individual up to age 26 only if they are full time college students C. Eliminates copayments D. Provides health coverage for everyone

Does not include a public option

In a large study using Medicare data from more than 294 plans, the findings suggested that African Americans received fewer appropriate medical services: Which of the following was not not included as one of the medical services A. mammograms B. diabetic retinal examinations C. follow up appointments D. beta blockers

Follow up appointments

Which statement about global health is false? a.Global health refers to an area of study, research, and practice that aims to improve health in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. b. Global health concerns health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries. c. Global health involves many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences. d. Global health focuses on individual level clinical care.

Global health focuses on individual level clinical care

What is least likely to be a direct determinant of health? a. Genetic make-up b. Water and sanitation c. Government policies d. Socioeconomic status

Government policies

Which of the following factors traces the emergence of a country's health system? A. Resources B. Interventional C. Historical D. Structure

Historical

what is the most important factor in the spread of TB from lower-income countries to higher income countries? a. Travel and tourism b. Immigration c. Spread of pathogens through the atmosphere d. Bioterrorism

Immigration

What would you expect to happen to the incidence and prevalence of a disease if a new drug were discovered that prevented mortality from the disease but did not cure it? a. Incidence unchanged, prevalence increases b. Incidence increases, prevalence decreases c. Incidence decreases, prevalence increases d. Incidence decreases, prevalence unchanged

Incidence unchanged, prevalence increases

Which of the following conditions is necessary if a health care system is to provide true access? A. Acute care B. Restorative care C. Inter-disciplinary approach to care D. Primary care

Inter-disciplinary approach to care

Which sentence conveys information that is most useful for policy making? a. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of DALYs in high-income countries in 2010. b. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of DALYs in high-income countries and contributed to 12.39 million DALYs in 2010. c. Ischemic heart disease accounted for 8.3% of total DALYs in high-income countries in 2010. d. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of DALYs in high income countries, accounting for 8% of total DALYs in 2010.

Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of DALYs in high income countries, accounting for 8% of total DALYs in 2010

Which statement about health equity is true? a. It only refers to differences in health across countries b. It only refers to differences in health within countries c. It does not include justice issues d. It is a multidimensional concept that includes issues of fairness within and across countries

It is a multidimensional concept that includes issues of fairness within and across countries

In which World Bank region would you expect the maternal mortality ratio to be the highest? a. High-income OECD b. East Asia and the Pacific c. Middle East and North Africa d. Latin America and the Caribbean

Latin America and the Caribbean

According to the American Heart Association, the cultural group with the highest prevalence rates for metabolic syndrome is: A. African Americans B. Latino Americans C. Asian Americans D. Native Americans

Latino Americans

The cultural group with the greatest incidence of death from heart disease is: A. African Americans B. Latino Americans C. Asian Americans D. European Americans

Latino Americans

Which country is considered low income, according to the World Bank definition? a. Iraq b. Botswana c. Swaziland d. Liberia

Liberia

A country with gross national income per capita of $1,000 is classified by the World Bank as a(n): a. Low-middle-income country b. High-income country c. Upper-middle-income country d. Low-income country

Low-income country

Which of the following factors addresses the prevalence of diseases and incidence rates? A. Resources B. Major Health Issues C. Financing D. Preventive

Major Health Issues

Which of the following are most likely to be the top three causes of DALYs in sub-Saharan Africa? a. Protein-energy malnutrition, HIV/AIDS, measles b. Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, perinatal conditions c. Malaria, HIV/AIDS, lower respiratory infections d. HIV/AIDS, malaria, measles

Malaria, HIV/AIDS, lower respiratory infections

Which group is most likely to have the lowest measles immunization rate? a. Poorest 20% population of South Asia b. Richest 20% population of West and Central Africa c. Poorest 20% population of West and Central Africa d. Richest 20% population of South Asia

Poorest 20% population of West and Central Africa

Among which of the following would you expect to have the greatest disparity in the rate of stunting in under-5 children? a. Rural vs. urban Latin America and the Caribbean b. Rural vs. urban South Asia c. Rural South Asia vs. rural sub-Saharan Africa d. Rural vs. urban sub-Saharan Africa

Rural vs. urban Latin America and the Caribbean

Which of the following factors calls attention to inter-disciplinary roles, responsibilities, and outcomes? A. Structure B. Resources C. Interventional D. Preventive

Structure

Which of the following is one of the most difficult factors to address in determining true access? A. Structure B. Preventive C. Financing D. Disparities

Structure

Which statement about health and maternal education is false? a. Studies in Philippines have shown that even better-educated mothers were unable to keep their children healthy in locations without safe water supply. b. Studies have demonstrated that each additional year of schooling for a woman is associated with a 7-9% reduction in under-5 mortality. c. Studies have shown that every 10% increase in the level of maternal education led to a reduction in the infant mortality rate by 4.1 deaths per 1,000 live births. d. Studies have shown that more than half of 8.2 million under-5 deaths that were averted between 1970 and 2009 were attributable to the higher education of women of reproductive age.

Studies in Philippines have shown that even better educated mothers were unable to keep their children healthy in locations without safe water supply

Life expectancy at birth is: a. The number of years a newborn is expected to live b.The average number of years a newborn could be expected to live, if current mortality trends were to continue for the rest of the newborn's life c. The average number of years that individuals live in a particular country d. The average number of years a newborn is expected to live after the first year of life, based on current mortality trends

The average number of years a newborn could be expected to live, if current mortality trends were to continue for the rest of the newborn's life

Which statement about measles vaccination by income quintile is true? a.In South Asia, the children of the richest 20% of families are immunized more than two times the rate of children from the poorest 20% of families. b.The gaps in vaccine coverage between income groups is greater in West and Central Africa than among the same groups in South Asia. c. The rates of immunization in West and Central Africa is higher for each income group than for the same groups in South Asia. d.In West and Central Africa, the children of the richest 20% of families are immunized at about two times the rate of children from the poorest 20% of families.

The gaps in vaccine coverage between income groups is greater in West and Central Africa than among the same groups in South Asia

The numerator for neonatal mortality rate is: a. The number of deaths of infants under 30 days of age in a given year b. The number of deaths of infants under 28 days of age in a given year c. The number of deaths of infants under 60 days of age in a given year d. The number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age in a given year

The number of deaths of infants under 28 days of age in a given year

The maternal mortality ratio is: a. The number of pregnant women who die per 100,000 in a given year b. The number of women who die as a result of pregnancy and childbirth complications per 100,000 women in a given year c. The number of pregnant women who die per 10,000 live births in a given year d. The number of women who die as a result of pregnancy and childbirth complications per 100,000 live births in a given year

The number of women who die as a result of pregnancy and childbirth complications per 100,000 live births in a given year

Which of the following represents an upper-middle-income country according to the World Bank classification? a. Bangladesh b. Yemen c. Bolivia d. Turkey

Turkey

In which area would you expect to have the highest rates of contraception use among women aged 15-49? a. Rural Latin America and Caribbean b. Urban Pakistan c. Rural Middle East and North Africa d. Urban East Asia and the Pacific

Urban East Asia and the Pacific

An appropriate explanation of the "front desk syndrome" is: A. The effects of poor relations between nursing and medical staff B. When secretaries and receptionists engage in lateral violence C. When support staff oversteps their boundaries and speaks for doctors D. It's when it is so busy that the front desk shuts down and patients are rescheduled

When support staff oversteps their boundaries and speaks for doctors

What is the most important milestone achieved in global health over the last 50 years? a. Elimination of polio b. Eradication of guinea worm disease c. Elimination of malaria d. Decrease in the under-5 mortality rate to 65 per 1,000 children

decrease in the under-5 mortality rate to 65 per 1,000 children

Which one of the following is not considered private health spending? a. Out-of-pocket expenditure b. Employee insurance by private firms c. Health expenditure by non-governmental organizations d. Social security system

social security system