Global Issues Exam 3/Attendance Videos Module 4&5

Which of the following are common themes connecting all models of thought on the question of how to address population growth (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Improving the status of women Improvement in water quality Increasing sustainability of food production

Which of the following can be social and environmental problems associated with the building of big dam projects generating hydropower (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Loss of access to water for downstream communities Causing environmental damage such as landslides Displacement of populations. Flooding cities. Destruction of archaeological sites.

Which of the following are examples of regenerative agricultural practices (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Rotational grazing. Use of cover crops. Use of methods to encourage the soil to store carbon in the ground.

The majority of the world's refugees and internally displaced people are:

Women and children

Why does Human Rights Watch work with media outlets and social media platforms?

to expose human rights violators

Click all the major contributors to greenhouse gas pollution

trains, plains, automobiles, cows

Match the continents to their current (2018) share in (percentage of global) total carbon emissions:

- North America: 18% - South America: 3.2% - Asia: 53% - Europe: 17% - Oceana: 1.3 % - Africa: 3.7%

Which of the following are alternative energy sources (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

- Solar - Hydroelectricity - Geothermal - Wind power - Biomass - Ocean or tidal power

When did the world's population reach its first billion?

1800

How many countries voted against the UDHR in 1948?

0

Order the following from most to least in terms of their cumulative emissions over the time period 1751-2017.

1- United States 2- European Union 3- China

As can be seen in the bar chart above, Syria leads the world with over 6.6 million refugees. Four other countries after Syria have 900,000 or more refugees. Place these four in order from most refugees to least refugees. Do you know why these countries have so many refugees?

1. Afghanistan 2. South Sudan 3. Myanmar 4. Somalia

"Urbanization," a key dynamic in the movement of people worldwide, has been sparked by such factors as technological change, industrialization, and rural environmental decline. It is seen as an important factor in the demographic transition. Order the countries in the chart above from least urbanized (25.75%) to the most urbanized (91.7%).

1. Afghanistan (25.75) 2. India (34.47) 3. China (60.31) 4. Ireland (63.41) 5. United States (82.46) 6. Japan (91.7)

How many refugees AND internally displaced people does Syria have?

13.2 million

By 2018, how much of the GLOBAL electricity supply was coming from renewable energy sources?

26%

How much of the world's food is generally wasted?

30%

In 2019, the number of people living as refugees or internally displaced people worldwide was estimated by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at:

79.5 million

How many countries abstained from voting on the UDHR in 1948?

8

What percentage of adults in the world today are literate?

80%

What do we call the graphical representation of the proportions of persons in different age groups in a population?

A population pyramid

What are the reasons why small island states are particularly concerned with reducing carbon dioxide emissions (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

A rise of just a few feet in sea level could flood small island states. Rising sea levels could make small island states uninhabitable.

While having high fertility rates and significant population growth populations can be a challenge, especially for poorer developing countries, having large numbers of elderly citizens can also pose problems, such as not having enough working age people to support social security systems. Fourteen countries have more than 20% of their populations over 65 years of age (all but one in Europe, where 26 of the 27 countries with oldest populations can be found). Match the letter in the histogram to the country to find the world's seven oldest populations.

A,B,C = Bulgaria, Germany, Greece G = JapanF = Italy D, E = Finland, Portugal

Identifying the problem, explaining why the issue is important, setting goals, pinpointing targets and tactics, and identifying allies are among the ____________ strategy of HRW

Advocacy

Africa has 37 of the top 38 countries with the highest birth rate. What is the one country in the top 38 that is NOT from Africa?

Afghanistan

In which region are the world's three largest cities found?

Asia

Where do migrants going through the Darian Gap come from?

Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Cuba, Haiti, and other places around the world

Why are some gases considered greenhouse gases (select all that apply; there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Because they trap solar radiation in the atmosphere Because of their effect on the warming of the atmosphere

The International Criminal Court: (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)

Can try cases involving crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide Is currently investigating cases involving defendants who come mostly from African states

First-generation rights are influenced by the philosophical tradition of ________________, whereas second-generation rights are influenced by the philosophical tradition of ________________:

Capitalism / socialism

What do we call the process when governments tax carbon dioxide in order to reduce fossil fuel energy consumption?

Carbon pricing

The role of women has been seen as central to population control because women's empowerment tends to lead to smaller but healthier families. Clearly, even with a number of countries having missing data, the map above shows that women in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia face the most disparities and/or persecution. Match the country below to the main subdimension under "Gender Inequality and Integrity" where that country ranks as the worst in the world for that subdimension.

Chad - Female/Male Educational Attainment Yemen - Female/Male Economic Participation and Opportunity and Female/Male Political Empowerment China - Female/Male Health and Survival Eritrea - Female Physical Integrity

According to the UN's 2020 projections, the two countries with the largest populations will continue to see growth, but where ___________ is projected to peak in size at 1.5 billion in 2030, _____________ is projected to soon overtake it, reaching an estimated 1.6 billion by 2050.

China / India

Which of the following are examples that should inspire hope in our efforts to curb climate change?

Costa Rica's ability to generate over 98% of its electricity from renewable energy sources. Iceland's move from fossil fuel dependency to generating almost 100% of its electricity from renewable energy sources.

Which of the following are some of the ways through which celebrities (famous actors or billionaires) can affect human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Engaging in philanthropic behavior by giving money to human rights causes Acting as UN Goodwill Ambassadors Founding Human Rights Organizations Using their celebrity status to raise awareness

Which of the following is an example of second-generation rights?

Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work

Match the following generations of rights to their definitions:

First generation - Civil and political rights Second generation - Economic and social rights Third generation - Solidarity rights

Match the generations of rights and their definitions to the examples:

First generation: Civil and political rights freedom of thought to be free from torture life, liberty, and security of person Second generation: Economic and social rights right to education access to health right to leisure Third generation: Solidarity rights participate freely in cultural life right to a just social and international order enjoy the arts and share in scientific advancements

What is controversial about biomass energy (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Forests might be cut down to make biofuels. Burning biomass releases carbon dioxide. Land that could be used for food production might be used to make biofuels.

The longitudinal chart above shows that "Population Growth" patterns have been quite challenging in Lebanon and Syria because of the devastating civil war in Syria, with well over a million refugees being driven into tiny Lebanon, and some eventually returning home to Syria. More broadly, this variable helps us understand where a country stands in its "demographic transition." Countries with the highest population growth generally are in the earlier stages of the demographic transition, whereas countries with the lowest population growth or declining populations generally are in the latter stages. Using the RCII, match each country below to its population growth rate.

Germany = -0.21 Nigeria = 2.53 China = 0.26 Russia = -0.2 Japan = -0.37 United States = 0.7 India = 1.04

Which of the following are true about the greenhouse effect?

Greenhouse gases trap the heat from the sun and thus increase the warming of the planet The greenhouse effect is exacerbated by the burning of fossil fuels The greenhouse effect negatively affects the oceans, the weather, our food sources and our health

U.S. support for international family planning programs:

Has shifted with changing administrations, with Republicans barring fertility control programs that include legal access to abortion, and Democrats supporting such programs

Universalism is represented by the idea that:

Human rights are accorded to everyone regardless of citizenship or status

Which of the following is the largest source of renewable energy?

Hydroelectricity

What are some of the reasons why the world's population drastically increased over the past 70 years (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Improved food production and distribution Major public health advances Reduced mortality rates

Which of the following are examples brought up by the U.S. State Department Report on the kinds of human rights violations found in specific countries (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Indiscriminate attacks on civilians and hospitalsUse of torture and rape as weapons of war

Where first-generation rights are often associated with the rights of ________________ people, second and third-generation rights reflect the rights of ________________ people.

Individual / groups of

One needs only to consider the COVID-19 crisis that began in 2020 to recognize that health factors, such as the quality of health care systems and the prevalence of disease, can have a significant impact on demographics. Clearly, from the map above, Africa as well as South and Southeast Asia face major health challenges. Match the country below to the subdimension under "Health" where that country ranks as the worst in the world for that subdimension. Does anything surprise you? Do you know the location of each of these countries?

Infectious diseases - Lesotho Substance abuse - USA Health Systems - South Sudan Non-infectious diseases - Nauru Health Outcomes - Afghanistan

Where second-generation rights require a proactive government to act on behalf of its citizens, third-generation rights require ________________ (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

International cooperation Solidarity

Even though it represented important progress, what was a potential problem of the Copenhagen Accord (2009)?

It was not legally binding.

What regions hold what percentage of the world's population? Europe, North America and Oceania combined hold _________________ of the world's population, whereas Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean hold ______________ of the world's population.

Less than 20% / more than 80%

Which of the following statements is true concerning urbanization?

More Developed Countries (MDCs) are more urbanized than Less Developed Countries (LDCs)

What are the main drivers of today's species extinction (select all that apply; there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Pollution Habitat transformation Climate change Species exploitation

Which of the following are examples of how climate change impacts agriculture (select all that apply; there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Regions throughout the world may experience greater food scarcity due to decreased crop yields Increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decreases the nutrient yield of important crops Levels of essential vitamins in crops like wheat, rice, soybeans, and other staple grains are reduced by increased carbon in the atmosphere While some crops may see increases in crop yields, many geographic regions will see yield decreases.

How could we counteract the impact of fast fashion (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Repurpose our clothes Recycle our clothes Buy quality and consume less Change our attitudes toward fast fashion

The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

Seeks to promote national and international policies with respect to migration that follow the rule of law and promote sustainable development and human rights Looks at the return and reintegration for failed asylum seekers and others who do not have a right to remain Includes a focus on migrants' integration into new countries Lays out guidelines for protecting migrants during the different stages of migration Seeks to help mitigate the adverse drivers that fuel migration

What are some things that can be seen on the passage through the Darien Gap (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Smugglers hired to get people into Panama demanding payment Bandits that steal money and food, and sexually assault women Children crying of hunger because there is no food Skeletons of people who got injured while making the treacherous journey Young men carrying backpacks filled with bricks of cocaine Rivers overflowing, making it impossible to pass (the area has some of the highest rainfall totals in the world)

Which of the following are alternatives to fossil fuels? Click all that apply.

Solar Geothermal Biofuels Hydroelectric Wind

Once they have crossed the Darien Gap, what do migrants find (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Stalled journeys in squalid camps because Covid-19 has put up a major roadblock Minimal food and other assistance For some, long waits because they come from countries where the U.S. is concerned about terrorism

Which of the following countries are particularly highlighted by the UN High Commissioner for their egregious human rights violations (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Syria Yemen

Across the globe, urbanization has been caused by (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Technological developments, "pushing" people off the farm Environmental decline, such as the overgrazing of land Industrialization, "pulling" people into cities

Sovereignty assumes:

That countries are self-governing, have territorial integrity, and self-determination

What are reasons why the U.S. didn't ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) until well after the treaty had gone into effect (select all that apply, there may be one to four possible correct answers)?

The U.S. was reluctant to expose itself to international criticism The U.S. had concerns that ratifying the treaty could erode its national sovereignty

Which are the ways in which the UN supports human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

The UN helps formulate international human rights standards through treaties and declarations The UN helps implement human rights through enforcement activities such as peacekeeping The UN promotes knowledge and public support through educating publics about human rights

Key "general tendencies" of international population movements in an age of globalization include (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

The increasing politicization of migration The "feminization" of migration, as women are an increasing part of workforces Ongoing changes in where people go and where they come from The involvement of an increasing number of countries, both as sending and receiving states

What makes tidal energy projects so attractive to the renewable energy sector?

The predictability of tidal waves allow for precise understanding of how much energy can be generated at any time

What does the High Commissioner for Human Rights say started the civil war in Syria?

The severe human rights violations (torture of children) by the Syrian government

Which of the following is NOT an explanation of what the UN Secretary-General means when he says: "the [corona]virus doesn't discriminate but its impacts do"?

The virus affects only older people living in residential care facilities

Why are coral reefs sometimes called the "rainforests of the sea"?

They are home to a quarter of all oceanic fish species

Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations given by the UN Secretary-General for why people with disabilities are among the hardest hit by COVID-19?

They have well-resourced support networks

Which writer first proposed a negative relationship between human population growth and the supply of food and other resources?

Thomas Malthus

As discussed in the context of Uruguay, what is the role of a human rights rapporteur (select all that apply, there may be one to four possible correct answers)?

To ensure justice and compensation for survivors of human rights abuses To assess progress in discovering the truth about past atrocities committed in the country

What are policies undertaken by the former Trump administration with respect to migration (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Trying to rescind the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA, which grants legal protection to nearly 800,000 immigrants brought to the U.S. as children) Instituting a "zero tolerance" policy at the U.S. Mexico border, which included separating children from their parents after they crossed into the United States Instituting a travel ban on select Muslim-majority countries Ending the protected status of more than 200,000 Salvadoran immigrants, many of whom had been here well over a decade Drastically reducing the number of refugees accepted for resettlement in the United States

Which of the following countries has six of the ten biggest wind farms in the world?

U.S.

What is one of the criticisms levied against the U.S.' involvement in the Syrian civil war?

U.S. led airstrikes have caused large-scale destruction and deaths of civilians but the U.S. does not take responsibility

Which of the following are reasons for why many environmentalists do not see nuclear energy as a clean alternative energy source (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Uranium mining and extraction, processes necessary for fueling nuclear energy reactors, leave behind contaminated groundwater Indigenous communities have suffered disproportionately as uranium mining and extraction has historically been done on indigenous lands Nuclear energy generation produces radioactive waste

Which of the following are examples through which technological innovations have been successfully used to promote human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

When Egyptian protesters in 2011 used Twitter to mobilize against their authoritarian rule When phone apps are used to document election violence, police violence, and other human rights violations When a solar-powered Internet network allows villages in Uganda to get access to crop information and thus to improve their yields and incomes When cellphones are used to warn farmers of crop rot

The difference between a negative and a positive obligation imposed on states by human rights rests on ______________________:

Whether a government needs to act to ensure that rights are protected

What activities are key to successful intervention by UN human rights workers (such as what the OHCHR staff have been doing in Serbia). (Select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers.)

Working with state governments at all levels to ensure that rights are protected Encouraging international organizations and local NGOs to put diplomatic and moral pressure on state governments Providing legal assistance Making contacts with NGOs to make sure that everyone knows about international human rights standards

Do we have a right to education?

Yes

What is the circular economy? Click all that apply.

a plan to create products that leave the least amount of trash possible an approach that provides financial incentives to reuse and recycle so as to keep materials and resources in use for as long as possible a way for companies to reduce the cost of raw materials a plan to encourage conservation

What is the green revolution? Click all that apply.

a revolutionary innovation in agriculture the creation of high yield, disease resistant crop the application of technology in order to increase agricultural output

Under the universality concept of human rights, every human is entitled to

all rights.

Which of the following are part of what the NGO, Human Rights Watch, does? Select all that apply.

documenting abuses publishing reports using advocacy to push for change

What does it mean to "surrender to nature"?

growing organically

How do we pay for the hidden cost of hamburgers? Click all that apply.

increase in release of greenhouse gases and effect on climate change decreased health and thus increased public health care costs increased deforestation due to cattle (and the crops to feed them) requiring so much space

Which of the following explains why the world's population is still growing even though the number of babies born doesn't increase?

inevitable fill-up of adults living longer

Which of the following is true about the Montreal Protocol? Click all that apply.

it addressed the increasing hole in the ozone layer by banning CFCs it was signed in 1987 by 30 states and has since been joined by every other country it is a successful example of effective international cooperation

What are the negative consequences of the green revolution? Click all that apply.

requires high use of fertilizer and irrigation leads to fertilizer and pesticide runoff the resulting mono-cropping leads to lack of biodiversity the resulting overuse of land actually leads to decreases in yield exacerbates economic inequalities

In which layer of the atmosphere do we find the ozone layer?

stratosphere