Global Studies Review: Israel/Palestine

Declaration of the Jewish State (May 14th, 1948)

"On the day the British Mandate over Palestine expired - Friday, May 14, 1948 - the Jewish People's Council gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum to declare the establishment of the State of Israel."

"On the Jewish State"

"The Jewish State" was a pamphlet published in 1896/7? by Theodor Herzl to promote Zionism

The Holocaust

(1933-1945) A period of genocide in which millions of Jews and other targeted groups of people were ostracized, persecuted, overworked, and killed by the Nazi regime.

The Arab Rebellion

(1936-1936) An Arab nationalist uprising against [British] colonialism

Partiton of Palestine

(1947) The United Nations approved the partition, or seperation, of Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state, as did Harry Truman

The Balfour Declaration

(November 2nd, 1917, by Arthur James Balfour:) A document/letter in which Great Britain diplomatically proclaimed itself in favor of the Jewish relocation to Palestine; voiced sympathy with Jewish migrants and promised competence; addressing Lord Rothschild

The United Nations

(est. 1945) An intergovernmental organization created after WWII to prevent further conflict and to promote international cooperation between countries. (replaced the ineffective League of Nations/In 1922, the League of Nations had made Palestine a mandate of Britain)

The Gaza Strip

(see map?)

The West Bank

(see map?)

The Yom Kippur War

1973: Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel in October 1973 to regain territories they lost in the Six Day War [of 67]. LED TO CAMP DAVID ACCORDS. Israel was surprised and shaken. Lasted 19 days. Led by Anwar Sadat. (EGYPT PEACED OUT 1978**)

The First Intifada

1987-1993 (ended w/oslo accords!!): The Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Oslo Accords followed. The Intifada "galvanized Palestinians everywhere, and it created an enormous amount of sympathy for the Palestinian cause," says historian Philip Mattar, executive director of the Institute for Palestine Studies.The Israeli army would seize Palestinian stone-throwers and literally break their arms. As these scenes were broadcast to the world, they were seen as "a Palestinian David against the Israeli Goliath," Shuster says.

Harry Truman

33rd President of the United States; elected 1945. Played a major role in his advocacy of the Declaration of the State of Israel and his sympathy for Jews in the 1940s.

Jimmy Carter

39th President of the United States in 1970s-1980s. Notorious role in the Camp David Accords ("moderator" role) between Egypt and Israel.

The Dreyfus Affair

A French officer, Alfred Dreyfus, framed for treason and denied a reasonable trial because he was Jewish; incident is called "The Dreyfus Affair"

Chaim Weizmann

A Russian Jew and lobbyist for Zionism who settled into Great Britain as a warmly-welcomed Zionist speaker; helped make the Balfour Declaration possible

David Ben-Gurion

A Zionist leader who proclaimed Israel an independent state in 1948 (Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel; signed.)

Anti-Semitism

A belief system that openly discriminates against Jews; specifically "semitics"

Theodor Herzl

A journalist; father of modern Zionism who arranged the first Zionist congress session

The British Mandate

A period in which Britain sought to govern Palestine despite the tension and outright violence between Jews and Arabs; consequential of the Balfour Declaration

Palestine

A region of the Middle East in which Europeans Jews established their state

Sykes-Picot Agreement

An agreement that delineated the borders of Palestine

Naguib Azoury

Arab independence advocate and author

The Oslo Accords

I/P signed 1993: OUTLINED PEACE BUT DID NOT GIVE PALESTINIANS A STATE. Yitzhak Rabin (Israel) and Yasser Arafat (Palestine) and BILL CLINTON. An agreement brokered after months of negotiations between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization. By its terms, Israel and the PLO recognized each other. The agreement envisioned creating a Palestinian state and an end to the conflict, "but it provided no road map," Shuster says.

The Loss of British Support in 1939

In 1939, the British denounced Zionism and left the Jewish State of Israel

Benjamin Netanyahu

current Israeli Prime Minister He also currently serves as a member of the Knesset, Chairman of the Likud party and Minister of Public Diplomacy and Diaspora Affairs.

The Second Intifada

second Palestinian uprising; 2000

World War I

1914-1918; First World War in which the Allies and Central Powers fought

World War II

1939-1945; Second World War in which the Allies and Axis fought

The Six-Day War

1967: ISRAEL TOOK WEST BANK, GAZA STRIP, GOLAN HEIGHTS, AND SYRIA. In the spring of that year, the Soviet Union had led the radical government in Damascus to believe that Israel was planning to invade Syria. Syria shared this misinformation with Nasser. The Egyptian leader closed the Gulf of Aqaba to shipping, cutting off Israel's primary oil supplies, and ordered United Nations peacekeepers to leave the Sinai Peninsula. And he sent scores of tanks and hundreds of troops into the Sinai toward Israel. Israel struck a few days later and bombed Egypt's air force.

The Camp David Accords

Egypt/Israel peace 1978. The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret, mandatory negotiations at Camp David.

Menachem Begin

Israeli politician; leader of Zionist militant group who rebelled against the British jurisdiction; founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of the State of Israel; *****Israeli prime minister who signed the Camp David agreement

Golda Meir

Israeli prime minister during the YOM KIPPUR WAR

Pogroms

Mass murders and organized massacres (late 1800s-early 1900s; commonly in Russia)

Anwar Sadat

Muhammad Anwar El Sadat was the third President of Egypt, (DURING YOM KIPPUR WAR) serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981.

The Awakening of the Arab Nation

Najib Azouri, 1905, first public appeal to Arab nationalism

Hamas

Palestinian Islamist group; constantly clasehs w/Israeli forces; result in destruction in the Gaza Strip; violent and anti-Zionist

War of 1948-1949

The "Arab/Israeli War" occurred the day after the Jewish Israelites declared independence as a state. Arabs invaded immediately.The 1948 Palestine war, known in Hebrew as The War of Independence and in Arabic as The Nakba, or Catastrophe...

Zionism

The [political] belief that Jewish people are entitled to their own state

Likud party

a coalition of right-wing Israeli political parties, formed in 1973. Likud returned to power in 1996 under Benjamin Netanyahu. Also founded by Manachem Begin. Pro-Zionist..?

1st World Zionist Congress

The first gathering of European Jews to discuss moving to Palestine, 1897

[Turkish] Ottoman Empire

The vast, ancient empire out of which the Arabs were trying to emerge during "The Awakening of the Arab Nation," prior to Jew relocation

Henry Kissinger

U.S. Secretary of State who initiated "shuttle diplomacy"

Yitzhak Rabin (1922-1995)

Yitzhak Rabin Israeli soldier (prime minister?) and statesman who signed Oslo peace agreement with PLO in 1993. Born in Palestine and joined the precursor of the Israeli army in 1941.

Yasser Arafat

a Palestinian leader and chairman of PLO; died; DID OSLO ACCORDS.