Gov Chapter 7&8

Labor groups represent ________ percent of the total number of interest groups registered to lobby in Washington.

2

The United States has had ________ party systems since 1789.

6

It is difficult for political scientists to categorize unrepresented interests because

there are no organizations that can present their identities and demands

Public interest groups differ from other types of interest groups in that

they claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interests

Throughout its history, American politics has been dominated by

two major political parties

What is the ultimate goal of a political party?

winning elections

Members of interest groups in the United States are typically people

with higher incomes, more education, and management or professional occupations.

Which statement best characterizes the influence average citizens and party elites have over the nomination process in the United States?

Although average citizens have some influence in the nominations process, party elites play an outsized role in selecting the candidates who will compete in the general election

Which of the following is a theoretical assumption of pluralism?

Competition among interests will produce balance, with all interests moderating each other.

The two major parties in the United States during the 1830s and 1840s were the ________ and the ________.

Democrats; Whigs

How the Constitution balances the threat posed by organized interests with the need for liberty is discussed in the

Federalist Papers, no. 10.

Which of the following parties originated from internal mobilization?

Jeffersonian Party

The Teamsters and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations are examples of ________ groups.

Labor

Reconstruction after the Civil War was led by the ________ Party.

Republican

From the end of the Civil War to the 1890s, the ________ Party was the party of the North, while the ________ Party was the party of the South.

Republican; Democratic

The Jeffersonian Republicans were best known for their support of

a weak national government, with the states retaining most powers.

A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a

collective good.

Internal mobilization occurs when

conflicts within the government create divided factions that try to mobilize popular support

The establishment of the Republican Party is a good example of

external mobilization

A person who enjoys the benefits of a group's collective efforts but does not contribute to those efforts is called a

free rider.

In order to overcome the________, interest groups often provide ________ to their members.

free-rider problem; selective bene

An advertisement emailed only to evangelical Christian voters about a Democratic candidate's support for abortion would be an example of

micro-targeting

Political party leaders are

not willing to provide financial backing to candidates who are unable to raise substantial funds on their own

Between 1812 and 1830, the United States had

one political party: the Jeffersonian Republicans

Interest groups are concerned with the ________ of government, while political parties are concerned with the ________ of government.

policies; personnel

The "poor" and the homeless are two examples of

potential interest groups

When a coalition of credit card companies forms an interest group called the Partnership to Protect Consumer Credit, this suggests that

private interests are hiding behind the ideals of public interests

The Sierra Club is a(n) ________ group

public interest

The National League of Cities is a good example of a

public-sector interest group.

Political parties hold primary elections or caucuses in order to

select a single candidate to represent the party in the general election.

One way in which AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons) has been effective at overcoming the free-rider problem is by providing ________ benefits to its members.

selective

A serious candidate for a U.S. House of Representatives race must raise at least ________ while a serious candidate for a U.S. Senate race must raise at least ________.

several hundred thousand dollars; several million dollars

What issue led to the demise of the Whig Party?

slavery

A ________ exists when paid staff conduct most of the daily business of a group.

staff organization

Who is an incumbent?

the current officeholder, running for reelection

________ is the practice of tailoring campaign messages to individuals in small, homogenous groups.

Micro-targeting

External mobilization occurs when

a group of politicians outside government organizes popular support to win governmental power.

More than one-third of the groups with lobbying offices in Washington are

businesses and corporations

Elite pluralism refers to the fact that

economic elites have used group politics to achieve considerably more influence than mass-based forces in the American political process.

One of the earliest activities party workers engage in once the general election campaign begins is

ensuring that citizens are registered to vote

The Christian Coalition is a(n) ________ group.

ideological

Moveon.org began

in 1998 as an email group fighting against the impeachment of President Bill Clinton.

A membership association is a group

in which members play an important role in the daily activities and administration.

"Selective benefits" are

incentives that interest groups make available only to those people who are members of their organizations.

The best description of the ideal of pluralism is that

interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence

A criticism of interest group pluralism is

its class bias in favor of those with greater financial resources.

A political party is an organization

that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office.

Emerging in the late 1780s, America's first two political parties were

the Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans.

During the early nineteenth century, the Jeffersonian Party's main base of strength was in

the South

The Federalist Party disappeared, in part, as a result of

the War of 1812.