GOV unit 2

A person's age tends to not have much effect on that individual's political opinions. True False

False

Demographic information is enough to accurately predict an individual's opinions. True False

False

Horse-race journalism places excessive emphasis on the issues and positions that candidates take. True False

False

Most Americans get their news exclusively from partisan presses that reinforce their existing views. True False

False

Presidential campaigning has changed drastically; and fundraising has lost its importance. True False

False

Presidential candidates must accept public funding. True False

False

Presidential candidates were first nominated by national conventions. True False

False

The President's party tends to do well in off-year elections. True False

False

The effect of gerrymandering on Congressional elections is much larger than many claim. True False

False

The government cannot employ prior restraint (or censorship) on the press in any circumstance. True False

False

The only meaningful religious distinction in the United States is between Protestants and Catholics. True False

False

The proportion of citizens who claim to be independents has declined in recent years. True False

False

Younger people are uniformly more liberal than their elders. True False

False

The authors suggest that campaigns focus on assigning credit and blame for the state of the nation, activating latent partisanship, and introducing and judging the candidates' characters. True False

True

The gender gap in U.S. public opinion has existed for a long time. True False

True

The gender gap in U.S. public opinion sees women voting more Democratic than men. True False

True

The number of interest groups has grown rapidly since the 1960s. True False

True

The text suggests that it is increasingly more difficult to conduct reliable polling with the traditional land line methods. True False

True

The weakness of our political parties encourages the creation of interest groups. True False

True

There has been a decline in the numbers of daily newspapers that serve large communities. True False

True

Today, only about 12 percent of American workers are covered by unions. True False

True

Voters know, generally speaking, if the country is headed on the right track or wrong track. True False

True

When it came to civil liberties and civil rights, Madison and the other Framers were not willing to empower even persistent majorities or subject fundamental freedoms to a popular vote. True False

True

Two of the participation groups that Verba and Nie describe, campaigners and communalists, differ primarily in their a. taste for conflict. b. general level of participation. c. political ideology. d. socioeconomic status. e. intensity of religious sentiment.

a. taste for conflict.

The culture war differs from other political disputes in that a. conflict is more profound. b. Money is not at stake, compromises are impossible to arrange, and conflict is more profound are all true. c. money is not always at stake. d. compromises are almost impossible to arrange.

b. Money is not at stake, compromises are impossible to arrange, and conflict is more profound are all true.

The notion that individuals should work hard, save their money, and avoid dependence on the state is sometimes referred to as the a. doctrine of social Darwinism. b. Protestant (work) ethic. c. blue-collar ethic. d. evolutionary principle.

b. Protestant (work) ethic.

Which factors can influence the results of a poll? a. Question order b. Question wording and order and sampling technique all influence poll results. c. None of these choices influences poll results. d. Question wording e. Sampling technique

b. Question wording and order and sampling technique all influence poll results.

Which religious group or leader advocated constitutional amendments that would require prayer in public schools and ban abortion? a. the Moral Majority b. the Great Awakening c. Martin Luther King, Jr. d. Prohibitionists

a. the Moral Majority

If you run for a seat in the House against the incumbent, the odds are very much against you. True False

True

In the 1800s, most people voted straight party ticket. True False

True

It is unconstitutional to restrict the expenditures of a candidate's campaigns, but contributions to campaigns can be limited. True False

True

Public-interest groups often do better when the government is in the hands of an administration that is hostile to their views. True False

True

Solidary incentives are the sense of pleasure, status, or companionship that arises out of meeting together in small groups. True False

True

The Founding Fathers believed that most average citizens lacked the time, information, energy, interest, and experience to decide on public policy. True False

True

Religious political differences in the United States appear a. All of these choices are true. b. by denomination. c. by race. d. by how often the individual attends services. e. by sect.

a. All of these choices are true.

In America, more than 80% of adults identify as a. Christian b. White c. Republicans d. Democrats

a. Christian

There is, in fact, less income inequality in Sweden than in America because a. Swedish political cultural strongly believes that government should guarantee citizens a basic standard of living. b. education levels are much lower in Sweden. c. employers have different notions of economic fairness. d. workers there are more similar in their talents.

a. Swedish political cultural strongly believes that government should guarantee citizens a basic standard of living.

Which best describes the Framers' opinion on the role of public opinion in government? a. The Framers thought that public opinion should play only a limited and indirect role in making public policy. b. The Framers favored a direct role for the public in policy making. c. The Framers wanted the United States to be a direct democracy. d. The Framers felt that the public's role should be limitless. e. The Framers felt that our experience as colonies of Great Britain showed us that the public needs to vote on most major issues of government.

a. The Framers thought that public opinion should play only a limited and indirect role in making public policy.

Demographic information's predictions of individual opinions are a. only a good guess. b. completely misleading. c. very accurate. d. None of these choices is true. e. better average at predicting.

a. only a good guess.

All of the following are basic elements of the U.S. political culture EXCEPT a. economic equality. b. democracy. c. individualism. d. liberty.

a. economic equality.

When the Supreme Court upheld the right of the police to search newspaper offices, Congress responded by passing legislation that a. forbade such searches, except in special cases. b. completely banned the police from securing records of newspaper offices. c. made it easier for the police to lawfully conduct future searches. d. encouraged such searches.

a. forbade such searches, except in special cases.

In recent years, the gap between the VAP and VEP has a. increased. b. decreased somewhat. c. remained about the same. d. varied in no consistent way. e. decreased considerably.

a. increased.

Voter turnout rates in America today are a. lower than they were for previous generations. b. not recorded by scholars. c. higher than they were for previous generations. d. higher than most European democracies. e. about the same as previous generations.

a. lower than they were for previous generations.

During a local and national survey by the University of Cincinnati, researchers asked individuals whether they favored passage of the Monetary Control Bill and found that a. many people expressed views about the legislation, although it was entirely fictitious. b. public opinion was deeply divided. c. public opinion unanimously condemned the legislation. d. Congress had passed the legislation only two days before the surveys were conducted. e. the legislation was still pending.

a. many people expressed views about the legislation, although it was entirely fictitious.

When Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1970 and lowered the voting age to eighteen, a. the Supreme Court declared the adjustment unconstitutional. b. the president vetoed the act. c. the number of eligible voters instantly doubled. d. the Fourteenth Amendment was overturned. e. thirty-five state governors protested the change.

a. the Supreme Court declared the adjustment unconstitutional.

Over the last three decades, public trust has declined for all of the following EXCEPT a. the military. b. public schools. c. churches. d. newspapers.

a. the military.

Which of the following would probably have the most difficulty raising money? a. A lobbying organization representing a collection of Fortune 500 companies b. A membership organization relying on appeals to purpose c. A lobbying organization representing a for-profit organization d. A membership organization relying on solidary incentives e. A lobbying organization representing a nonprofit organization

b. A membership organization relying on appeals to purpose

Campaign finance reforms a. benefited incumbent politicians. b. All of these choices are true. c. made the media more powerful in elections. d. required donations to be reported to the FEC. e. required candidates to raise money from many small donors.

b. All of these choices are true.

In this 1952 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that a New York City policy permitting public school students to be released during the school day to receive religious instruction off school grounds was constitutional. a. McCulloch v. Maryland b. Zorach v. Clauson c. Baker v. Carr d. Engel v. Vitale

b. Zorach v. Clauson

The gender gap in American policy is least pronounced on a. helping the poor. b. abortion. c. helping the elderly. d. foreign policy. e. general size of government.

b. abortion.

Compared with European countries such as Great Britain, France, and Germany, class voting in the United States has a. remained relatively steady. b. declined sharply. c. risen sharply. d. increased slightly. e. always been more common.

b. declined sharply.

Efforts to reform voting in the aftermath of the Florida vote-count controversy of 2000 might find particular fault with Congress because it a. stopped short of creating a uniform national voting system. b. did not require states to develop systems for counting disputed votes. c. did not provide funds for training election officials. d. did not investigate names that were not on official registration lists. e. did not provide funds for upgrading voting equipment.

b. did not require states to develop systems for counting disputed votes.

In 2012, youth voting a. increased for the fifth year in a row. b. dropped back to historic levels. c. dropped to historic lows. d. saw an increase in the percent of youth voting, but decrease in share of the vote that was under 30. e. stayed constant from 2008.

b. dropped back to historic levels.

The FCC rarely enforces the rule that a. certain words cannot be used on air. b. each hour on TV can only contain 16 minutes of commercials. c. nudity cannot be on TV. d. cable companies cannot have graphic violence. e. None of these choices is true.

b. each hour on TV can only contain 16 minutes of commercials.

Americans are more willing to tolerate __________ than __________. a. economic liberty; political liberty b. economic inequality; political inequality c. social inequality; economic inequality d. freedom of speech; freedom of religion

b. economic inequality; political inequality

In the early years of the republic, newspapers were financially supported by a. advertising. b. subsidies from political parties and politicians. c. mass circulation. d. payments from the Associated Press.

b. subsidies from political parties and politicians.

In a classic study of the political beliefs and attitude of children, American children were more likely to argue that a president who was pulled over for speeding would be a. warned. b. fined or ticketed. c. reprimanded. d. let off completely.

b. fined or ticketed

The more common ethical breaches between government and contractors involve a. former government officials using their connections to get special treatment for their new employers. b. government officials not following their own rules in negotiating best prices and then losing the records. c. outright bribery. d. current government officials using their connections to get special treatment for a former employer. e. earmarks.

b. government officials not following their own rules in negotiating best prices and then losing the records.

After party caucuses when national nominating conventions dominated, the real power, in selecting presidential nominees, was wielded by a. nonpartisan groups that sought to pick the best candidates. b. local party leaders. c. the voters in caucus elections. d. political pundits. e. the voters in primary elections.

b. local party leaders.

The Framers knew that in a nation as large and diverse as the United States there would rarely be any such thing as "public opinion;" rather there would be a. one powerful interest group dominating the debate. b. many "publics" holding many opinions. c. no organized opinion. d. chaos of opinion. e. one determining point of view of most issues.

b. many "publics" holding many opinions.

Partisan elected officials tend to have ideologies that are a. are more consistent for Republicans than Democrats. b. more consistent than other Americans. c. less consistent than other Americans. d. are more consistent for Democrats than Republicans. e. show the same variation as other Americans.

b. more consistent than other Americans.

The equal time rule obliges stations a. to provide all candidates the chance to appear in news stories. b. that sell advertising to one political candidate to sell equal time to that person's opponent. c. to allow all candidates the opportunity to participate in debates. d. to allow candidates equal time to respond to the airing of any of their opponents' criticisms. e. to provide equal news coverage of the campaigns of all candidates.

b. that sell advertising to one political candidate to sell equal time to that person's opponent.

With respect to impact of motor voter laws, the evidence suggests a. the number of registrants has not increased but voter turnout has increased slightly. b. the number of registrants has increased somewhat but voter turnout has not increased significantly. c. vote turnout and registration has increased significantly. d. vote turnout and registration has not increased significantly. e. None of these choices is true.

b. the number of registrants has increased somewhat but voter turnout has not increased significantly.

The most common form of political participation is a. joining political organizations. b. voting. c. writing letters to newspapers. d. contributing money. e. attending political rallies.

b. voting.

Between 1915 and 1925, the size of the eligible voting population in the United States almost doubled. The main reason for this was that a. the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. b. women were given the right to vote. c. the grandfather clause, which denied voting to blacks, was ruled unconstitutional. d. literacy tests for blacks were ruled unconstitutional. e. voter-registration laws were abolished in seventeen states.

b. women were given the right to vote.

In the late 1800s, voter turnout in a typical presidential election has been estimated to be a. 65 percent. b. 90 percent. c. 70 percent. d. 55 percent. e. 60 percent.

c. 70 percent.

According to Table 4.1 in the text, __________ percent of Americans are proud to be an American, compared to only _________ percent of Germans who are proud to be Germans. a. 71; 45 b. 60; 35 c. 71; 21 d. 66; 21

c. 71; 21

The __________ states that "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude"? a. Twelfth Amendment b. Seventeenth Amendment c. Fifteenth Amendment d. Twenty-fifth Amendment e. None of these choices is true.

c. Fifteenth Amendment

Which of the following statements regarding the Australian ballot is FALSE? a. It appeared in the late 1800s. b. It is printed by the government. c. It eliminated vote fraud. d. It is cast in secret. e. It appeared first in the states.

c. It eliminated voter fraud.

Which of the following statements regarding turnout of the youth vote (those under thirty) in 2008 is correct? a. It was the lowest in any election since 1972. b. It was the highest in any election since 1972. c. It increased for the third consecutive election but remained fairly low. d. It increased for the third consecutive election and was fairly high. e. It remained about the same as it had over the last three elections.

c. It increased for the third consecutive election but remained fairly low.

In 1856, this state became the last one to require voters to own property to vote. a. Georgia b. South Carolina c. North Carolina d. New Hampshire e. Kentucky

c. North Carolina

Which of the following participation groups avoids both elections and community groups in its political activity? a. Campaigners b. Communalists c. Parochial participants d. Voting specialists e. Inactives

c. Parochial participants

People of all religions who attend worship services regularly are more likely to vote a. Green Party. b. Democrat. c. Republican. d. Independent. e. Constitutional Party.

c. Republican.

According to polls, which of the groups below are Americans most willing to help? a. Recent immigrants b. People on welfare c. The elderly d. Feminist groups seeking preferential hiring programs

c. The elderly

The assumption that the media talking about something is a cue that the topic is important is an example of a. watchdog journalism. b. media bias. c. agenda setting. d. framing. e. priming.

c. agenda setting.

Early competition between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans ended by establishing the principle that a. political participation was restricted to males. b. slavery was not an issue for national legislation. c. democracy could survive a change of ruling parties. d. freedom of speech did not include political slander.

c. democracy could survive a change of ruling parties.

When those below the age of 21 were first allowed to vote in presidential elections, they a. flocked to the Republican candidates. b. flocked to the Democratic candidates. c. did not flock to any particular party or candidate. d. generally voted for Richard Nixon. e. almost uniformly voted for Independent candidates.

c. did not flock to any particular party or candidate.

The campaign finance reforms of 1973 a. reduced PAC spending. b. led to a significant decrease in the number of political action committees (PACs). c. encouraged a rapid growth in political action committees (PACs). d. had no impact on the number of political action committees (PACs). e. led to a slight decrease in the number of political action committees (PACs).

c. encouraged a rapid growth in political action committees (PACs).

During the nineteenth century, the term floaters referred to a. voters who refused to support incumbents. b. members of political parties who defected to the other side. c. individuals who voted more than once. d. individuals who were undecided as election day approached. e. voters who always supported incumbents.

c. individuals who voted more than once.

In a strong party parliamentary system, once a party wins office a. it cannot undo previous parties' laws. b. it must get approval of its platform from another branch of government. c. it can implement its platform line by line. d. it can only implement its platform if all the parties agree. e. None of these choices is true.

c. it can implement its platform line by line.

The increase in political action committees (PACs) might actually reduce the probability that members of Congress can be bought easily because a. there are so many restrictions on PACs. b. PACs have such a poor reputation among legislators. c. money is available on every side of almost every conceivable issue. d. PACs are not allowed to communicate directly with members of Congress. e. members of Congress do not have the time to consider more than one or two points of view.

c. money is available on every side of almost every conceivable issue.

Compared with the print media, the electronic media are a. more competitive but less strictly regulated. b. less competitive but more strictly regulated. c. more competitive and more strictly regulated. d. less competitive and completely free of regulation. e. less competitive and less strictly regulated.

c. more competitive and more strictly regulated.

When using the term "elite," social scientists are referring to a. people who are better than others. b. people born into the "right" family. c. people who have some valued resource, such as money, schooling, prestige, or political power. d. only the people that hold political office. e. people with royal titles.

c. people who have some valued resource, such as money, schooling, prestige, or political power.

During the nineteenth century, voting ballots were printed by a. the government. b. the courts. c. political parties. d. Congress. e. state legislatures.

c. political parties.

Through a process called __________, the pollster makes a list of all the geographical units in the country and groups them by size of their population. a. split sampling b. snowball sampling c. stratified or multistage sampling d. convenience sampling e. bifurcated sampling

c. stratified or multistage sampling

During the 2010 midterm elections, more than half of all Americans used __________ to get political news about the elections. a. newspapers b. radio c. the Internet d. the BBC e. NPR

c. the Internet

The federal government sued the New York Times to prevent it from publishing a. reports of Reagan's arms-for-hostages dealings. b. videotapes of G. Gordon Liddy orchestrating a break-in. c. the Pentagon Papers. d. accounts of Japanese Americans detained in U.S. concentration camps during World War II. e. secret grand jury findings on the Watergate scandal.

c. the Pentagon Papers.

One reason that public policy often differs from public opinion is that a. public opinion polling tends to express the opinions of a political elite. b. public opinion is rarely informed at the beginning of the policymaking process. c. the U.S. Constitution places many checks on the influence of public opinion. d. public opinion is easy to gauge, whereas the effectiveness of public policy is not. e. public opinion tends to change much more slowly than public policy.

c. the U.S. Constitution places many checks on the influence of public opinion.

Some have argued that democracy flourished early in America because of a. strict immigration laws. b. the lack of a national army. c. the availability of land. d. moderate temperatures.

c. the availability of land.

While newspapers do slant their news to make money, they are limited in the amount of slanting because a. newspaper editors in the United States have a strong commitment to non-biased news. b. newspapers employ the best reporters. c. they have to satisfy many different people, from advertisers to editors, to make money. d. newspaper owners are terrified of libel suits, and so stick only to the facts. e. the law limits the amount of distortion in the news.

c. they have to satisfy many different people, from advertisers to editors, to make money.

If not by genetic background, families likely transmit politics through a. family discussions of politics. b. family political activism. c. the political cues of their parents. d. Family discussion, activism, and the political cues of parents are all true. e. None of these choices is true.

d. Family discussion, activism, and the political cues of parents are all true.

Since 1964, African Americans have voted Democratic by at least a. 90%. b. 50%. c. 60%. d. 80%. e. 70%.

d. 80%

This author wrote Democracy in America based on his observations of America from his two years of traveling across the country to research its prison systems. a. John Locke b. Montesquieu c. Rosseau d. Alexis de Tocqueville

d. Alexis de Tocqueville

By the start of this president's administration, suffrage had been extended to include virtually all white males by the administration of a. James Monroe. b. John Adams. c. Thomas Jefferson. d. Andrew Jackson. e. James Madison.

d. Andrew Jackson.

What method have all of the states used to try to improve voter turnout? a. Allow people to vote on numerous days. b. Schedule election day on Saturdays. c. Institute election holidays. d. Give voters the option to vote prior to election day via mail-in ballots. e. Conduct elections over the Internet.

d. Give voters the option to vote prior to election day via mail-in ballots.

The Federal Communication Commission could use its powers of renewal to influence what stations put on the air by a. inducing stations to reduce the amount of violence shown. b. increasing the proportion of "public service" programs on the air. c. altering the way it portrays various ethnic groups. d. Inducing a reduction in the amount of violence, increasing the proportion of "public service programs" on the air, and altering the way the stations portray various ethnic groups are all true. e. None of these choices is true.

d. Inducing a reduction in the amount of violence, increasing the proportion of "public service programs" on the air, and altering the way the stations portray various ethnic groups are all true.

Which of the following statements about economic equality applies most accurately to Americans? a. Most Americans believe in the idea of having a top limit on what people can earn: "equality of wealth." b. Most Americans believe in the preferential treatment of women and minorities in hiring: "equality of access." c. Most Americans believe that all people should be paid on the basis of their economic needs: "equality of results." d. Most Americans believe that everyone has the right to get ahead: "equality of opportunity."

d. Most Americans believe that everyone has the right to get ahead: "equality of opportunity."

According to the text, why is the public less trusting of the media today than in 1970? a. The public thinks the press does not focus enough on campaigns. b. The public's distrust of politicians turns them against politician's endorsement of the media. c. The public worries about media consolidation. d. None of these choices is true. e. The public finds the media too bland and neutral.

d. None of these choices is true.

What was the Swedish sociologist Gunnar Myrdal referring to when he spoke of "America's dilemma"? a. Political ignorance b. Affluence c. Corporate dominance d. Race relations

d. Race relations

Which of the following statements about a social movement is generally true? a. It can only take place when courts are open to the prospect of radical change in the law. b. The more purposive its membership incentives, the smaller its size. c. The more moderate its position, the smaller its size. d. The more extreme its position, the smaller its size. e. The more liberal its position, the larger its size.

d. The more extreme its position, the smaller its size.

The launching of the Chamber of Commerce was an example of an interest group that formed as a result of a. the emergence of talented leadership. b. legislative capitulation. c. the enlargement of governmental responsibilities. d. government policy. e. broad economic developments.

d. government policy.

Which of the following is a behavior of public interest law firms? a. They support candidates for office and support their lawyers to be judges. b. None of these choices is true. c. They lobby elected officials to change laws in ways favorable to the law firm and its clients. d. They file lawsuits on behalf of people who have been harmed by some public or private policy. They also support other lawsuits with amicus curieae briefs. e. They raise money for issue advertisements during campaigns.

d. They file lawsuits on behalf of people who have been harmed by some public or private policy. They also support other lawsuits with amicus curieae briefs.

Which statement regarding the voting habits of men/women is correct? a. The gender gap that is evident between their points of view is new. b. Both men and women voting reflect very similar points of view. c. Men are more likely to favor activist policies. d. Women are more likely to favor activist policies. e. Abortion is the largest source of differences between men and women.

d. Women are more likely to favor activist policies.

During the 1730s and 1740s, the political life of the American colonies were transformed by a. an economic depression. b. a fight over trade between the north and south. c. war with France. d. a religious revivalist movement, called the First Great Awakening.

d. a religious revivalist movement, called the First Great Awakening.

The experience with 527 organizations in the 2004 elections suggests that campaign finance laws a. have restricted speech considerably. b. facilitate coordination of efforts between candidates and groups. c. are an effective way to minimize interest group participation. d. are not likely to take money out of politics. e. are an effective way to reduce campaign spending.

d. are not likely to take money out of politics.

In recent elections, candidates have relied increasingly on a. appearances at malls to reach potential voters. b. whistlestop train tours to reach potential voters. c. appearances at factories to reach potential voters. d. broadcasting to reach potential voters. e. large parades and rallies to reach potential voters.

d. broadcasting to reach potential voters.

According to the text, Americans' knowledge of politics is a. usually up on current events, but nothing else. b. better at the local level. c. good about the workings of the government, but not current office holders or events. d. by any measure, woefully ignorant. e. very good.

d. by any measure, woefully ignorant.

Social policy in the United States is dominated by a common belief among Americans in the a. value of group harmony. b. need to protect all citizens. c. value of preferential hiring. d. ethic of self-reliance.

d. ethic of self-reliance.

Until 1920, women were generally kept from voting by a. social custom. b. tradition. c. intimidation. d. law. e. their own choice.

d. law.

A classic study of American and Swedish trade-union and political-party leaders found that Americans were a. more likely to favor limits on pay. b. more likely to support higher spending on welfare programs. c. more likely to support liberal political candidates. d. less likely to favor equal pay for workers.

d. less likely to favor equal pay for workers.

In general, the president's party __________ in off-year midterm elections. a. gains or loses votes with no apparent pattern b. keeps the same number of votes c. gains votes d. loses votes e. gains or loses votes based on the fundamentals.

d. loses votes

One way that whites prevented blacks from voting prior to passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was by requiring them to a. become U.S. citizens. b. register six months in advance of an election. c. meet qualifications found in Article III of the Constitution. d. pass a literacy test. e. memorize the Bill of Rights.

d. pass a literacy test.

In New York v. Farber, a reporter for The New York Times was asked to produce notes that he had taken in regard to the behavior of a __________. a. schoolteacher b. senator c. police officer d. physician e. fellow reporter

d. physician

Since 1952, most major polls have a. been flawed. b. sampled more people each year. c. been administered by mail. d. picked the winner of the presidential election. e. sampled fewer people each year.

d. picked the winner of the presidential election.

Civil society is used to describe a. commercial groups. b. government agencies. c. quasi-public corporations. d. private, voluntary groups.

d. private, voluntary groups.

America has a long tradition of media that are a. centralized. b. objective. c. government-friendly. d. privately owned. e. primarily concerned with governmental policy.

d. privately owned.

The distrust of political authority so evident in American political culture has its basis in a. middle-class values. b. imperialism. c. English literature. d. religious beliefs.

d. religious beliefs.

Based on research, Morris Fiorina argues that the culture war is more of a myth and is only a reflection of the fact that a. the public is merely not expressing its polarization. b. the major issues have been decided. c. the media do not cover politics in a thorough fashion. d. the media publicize the polarization that exists among political leaders and not that most Americans occupy the middle position of many issues.

d. the media publicize the polarization that exists among political leaders and not that most Americans occupy the middle position of many issues.

A political culture exists where a. a constitution creates an orderly society. b. there is a large amount of agreement among the public. c. the demographics of a nation suggest the presence of a fairly homogeneous group. d. there is a distinctive and patterned way of thinking about political and economic life.

d. there is a distinctive and patterned way of thinking about political and economic life.

Nearly everyone is in agreement over a __________ issue, and the candidate fully supports the public's view. a. primary b. secondary c. position d. valence e. residual

d. valence

If properly conducted, a survey of public opinion can capture opinions of 300 million citizens by interviewing as few as __________ respondents. a. 3,000 b. 1,000 c. 300 d. 500 e. 1,500

e. 1,500

A public opinion pollster might need to make as many as __________ phone calls just to get about one thousand respondents for a survey. a. 10,000 b. 6,000 c. 4,000 d. 2,00 e. 15,000

e. 15,000

A public opinion pollster might need to make as many as __________ phone calls just to get about one thousand respondents for a survey. a. 10,000 b. 6,000 c. 4,000 d. 2,000 e. 15,000

e. 15,000

Congressional elections are held every a. 8 years. b. 4 years. c. 10 years. d. 6 years. e. 2 years.

e. 2 years.

African Americans are more likely than whites to a. support affirmative action. b. think the criminal justice system is biased against them. c. have low confidence in the police. d. think the government should guarantee food and shelter. e. All of these choices are true.

e. All of these choices are true.

In the aftermath of the 2002 reforms, voters are to vote for president by a. paper ballots. b. lever machines. c. punch cards. d. optical scans. e. All of these choices are true.

e. All of these choices are true.

Rates of political participation tend to be higher among those who a. are employed. b. have gone to college. c. are white. d. are black as opposed to being Hispanic. e. All of these choices are true.

e. All of these choices are true.

The activity of lobbyists is protected by the __________. a. Fourteenth Amendment b. Tenth Amendment c. Second Amendment d. Fifth Amendment e. First Amendment

e. First Amendment

Today, adults under 30 are markedly similar to senior citizens (persons age 65 and older) in their opinions on a. social security. b. single-parenting. c. immigration. d. size of government. e. None of these choices are true.

e. None of these choices are true.

In America, we often refer to political elites as a. the ruling class. b. socialites. c. special interests. d. politicos. e. activists.

e. activists.

Originally, presidential candidates were chosen by a. governors. b. lottery. c. conventions. d. state legislatures. e. congressional caucus.

e. congressional caucus.

In 1842, a federal law required that all House members be elected by a. popular vote. b. at-large elections. c. congressional delegations. d. state legislators. e. districts.

e. districts.

The text suggests there has been little decrease, and some increase, in the percentage of Americans who a. campaign. b. contact government officials. c. volunteer. d. work on community issues. e. do all of these things.

e. do all of these things.

In 1993, Congress attempted to facilitate voter registration by linking it to processes related to a. health insurance. b. home mortgages. c. student loans. d. high school graduation. e. driver's licenses.

e. driver's licenses.

The television weekly "60 Minutes" runs a segment on the role of local politicians in the drug trade. The issue soon becomes the subject of national debate. In these circumstances, "60 Minutes" is acting as a(n) ___________. a. investigator b. watchdog c. scorekeeper d. ombudsman e. gatekeeper

e. gatekeeper

Cleavages in public opinion are more common in the United States than in many other countries because the United States a. has a high degree of religious freedom. b. is a relatively classless society. c. places a high value on social equality. d. is more protective of freedom of press. e. has a socially diverse population.

e. has a socially diverse population.

Compared with voters in the United States, most European voters have the opportunity to cast ballots a. more frequently, for fewer offices. b. more frequently, for more offices. c. less frequently, for as many offices. d. more frequently, for as many offices. e. less frequently, for fewer offices.

e. less frequently, for fewer offices.

If any given voter has an equal chance of being in a survey, the sample is best described as a __________ sample. a. stratified quota b. two-stage c. split d. bifurcated e. random

e. random

The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 required groups and individuals seeking to influence legislation to a. register, file statements of intent, and limit their activities to one legislative chamber. b. prepare and publish written statements of intent. c. limit their activities to seven pieces of legislation. d. limit their activities to either the House or the Senate. e. register and file quarterly financial reports.

e. register and file quarterly financial reports.

VEP measures of turnout might be preferable to VAP measures because they a. round fractions up to the nearest tenth. b. are based on census data. c. usually render a lower, more conservative, estimate. d. are derived from representative samples in telephone interviews. e. remove ineligible voters from the equation.

e. remove ineligible voters from the equation.

Voter heuristics allow voters to make the decisions they want to make when a. the lack of information also affects their political attitudes. b. relying on the class background of politicians. c. they can identify politically relevant actors to understand and follow. d. None of these choices is true. e. they are well informed about politics, generally.

e. they are well informed about politics, generally.

The main goal of the Australian ballot was a. to create a nationwide uniform voting system. b. to give political parties more power of the balloting process. c. to decrease voter fraud by having individuals cast their vote in public. d. to completely stop voter fraud. e. to decrease voter fraud by having a government-printed ballot of uniform size and shape that was cast in secret.

e. to decrease voter fraud by having a government-printed ballot of uniform size and shape that was cast in secret.

States where the capital is located in a city with a vigorous press have less corruption because the media in those states act as a. gatekeepers. b. whistle blowers c. scorekeepers. d. ombudsmen e. watchdogs.

e. watchdogs.