Government Exam 2

A

A direct democracy is one in which all citizens vote on important decisions. elect representatives to make decisions for them. choose a strong leader to make all the laws. vote in a Council of 500.

D

A public safety service the US government provides is health inspections. workplace rules. interstate highways. police officers.

B

A public welfare service that the US government provides is firefighting. education. hospitals. electricity.

C

A purpose of government in the United States is to guarantee power for a single leader. guarantee rights for people worldwide. guarantee rights for its citizens. guarantee power for a few leaders.

D

A republic is a form of government where all citizens take an active role in decision making. military leaders represent the people. a chief executive makes all the decisions. elected officials represent the people.

A

A sovereign group is one that is independent. strong. large. wealthy.

C

A state legislator wants to amend the Articles of Confederation. How many states would have to agree in order for the amendment to pass? a simple majority all of them three-fourths two-thirds

B

According to the 1790 census, where did enslaved people live within the United States? only in the South in every single state in a small portion of the North only in the far West

D

According to the Constitution, the right of freedom of religion supports practicing religions that are national and official. practicing religions approved by the government. practicing religion only in private settings. practicing any religion that one chooses.

D

An important effect of the Magna Carta on English government was that it established a monarchy. gave voting rights to all citizens. reduced the rights of citizens. gave more power to the people and protected their rights.

D

As the colonies moved toward independence, the First Continental Congress was created in 1760. 1768. 1773. 1774.

B

As the result of a conflict between British troops and a colonial militia in Massachusetts, the Boston Tea Party took place. Thomas Paine published Common Sense. the First Continental Congress was established. British troops began staying in the homes of colonists.

B

Athens and Sparta were both countries. city-states. monarchies. empires.

C

Because the framers of the United States Constitution were concerned about citizens having too much power, they banned citizens from voting. organized a system of consuls and magistrates. established a republic. created a system of city-states.

B

Central and state governments influence each other in a unitary system. a federal system. a confederal system. a democratic system.

B

Central and state governments influence each other in a unitary system. federal system. confederal system. democratic system.

D

Citizens would most likely state their views about issues affecting their community during a Supreme Court hearing. a congressional hearing. a state senate meeting. a city council meeting.

B

Does the preamble to the Declaration of Independence indicate reasons why the new independent government might be similarly removed or overthrown? Why or why not? No. It demands reconciliation between the government and the governed. Yes. It outlines when it is appropriate to remove a government. No. It states that governments cannot simply be changed. Yes. It indicates that the will of the people must be followed.

D

During the Constitutional Convention, small states did not want their representation based on delegation. location. condition. population.

D

How did Enlightenment thinkers approach the study of government? by taking a historical view by taking a divine right view by taking a faith-based view by taking a secular view

D

How did the Enlightenment's theories of government view the role of government? as benevolent as absolute as transparent as useful

C

How did the Great Compromise resolve the dispute about representation? It sided completely with the unicameral legislature. It focused representation on the larger states, not the smaller states. It created balance by blending the Virginia and New Jersey plans. It gave every state the same number of state representatives.

C

How long is an individual monarch's term of rule? for as long as the people allow limited by a term of four years, with a maximum of two terms from the time of taking the throne to their death until the monarch retires

A

In a federal system of government, power is divided between the national government and the states. held by one person who makes all the decisions. held by a central government that makes decisions. divided equally between all state governments.

D

In a monarchy, to what degree does the king or queen hold absolute power? when elected never always sometimes

D

In a unitary system of government, local offices have equal power with the central government. elect representatives to the central government. can veto decisions made by the central government. must follow decisions made by the central government.

B

In what way did ancient Athens influence the framers of the United States Constitution? All Athenians were allowed to vote. The legislative branch in Athens had two main bodies. The Council of 500 made all major decisions. Laws were made by the chief executive.

D

In which system of government would states function independently of each other? solitary unitary federal confederal

C

John Locke helped develop the idea of a social contract between citizens and the monarchy. church. government. philosophers.

A

John Locke thought that people were neither good nor bad innately. How did Hobbes's views differ from those of Locke's? Hobbes thought people were innately violent. Hobbes thought people were innately benevolent. Hobbes thought people were innately peaceful. Hobbes thought people were innately evil.

D

John Locke, an Enlightenment-era philosopher, influenced the American movement for independence. Locke believed that all people were entitled to natural rights. Which quotation from the preamble to the Declaration of Independence enshrines natural rights? "Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." "[I]t is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security." "[T]hey are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

B

Judeo-Christian principles refer to the religious beliefs and values held in common by Christians and Muslims. Christians and Jews. Buddhists and Jews. ancient Athenians and Christians.

A

Locke argued that all humans are born with what natural rights? life, liberty, property life, cooperation, liberty opportunity, property, support opportunity, support, cooperation

C

Look at the diagram below. English Influences on American Govermenet Which of these best completes the empty box to the right? Army Navy Common Law Judges

D

Read the excerpt from the preamble to the Constitution. . . . [A]nd secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity. According to this excerpt of the preamble, who were freedoms and rights established for? federal and state elected officials executive and judicial officials leaders and past generations framers of the Constitution and future generations

D

Read the passage from Leviticus 19:15 in the Bible. You shall not render an unjust judgment; you shall not be partial to the poor or defer to the great: with justice you shall judge your neighbor. Which principle of American government is reflected in this passage? republican form of government direct democracy separation of powers equality of all citizens

A

Read the quotation from the Declaration of Independence. "For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefit of Trial by Jury." Which legal change after the American Revolution most likely resulted from this grievance? Due process of law was implemented. A new legal system was founded. The court system was established. All colonial court cases were retried.

C

Read this passage from the English Bill of Rights. That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal. This passage from the English Bill of Rights led to the protection of which right? the freedom to bear arms the right to pass taxes the freedom of speech the right to vote

B

Rome became a ________ at the end of the 6th Century BCE. Democracy Republic Dictatorship Theocracy

A

The Constitution regulates government powers by providing guides and limits to the government's power. providing an undivided government power structure. providing a weakened central government structure. providing a majority of power to state governments.

B

The Declaration of Independence is considered the first formal assertion by a people of their right to revolution. self-government. liberty. vote.

B

The Declaration of Independence refers to rights as being unalienable. What does "unalienable" mean? not foreign cannot be surrendered inherent compatible

A

The English Bill of Rights declared that each member of Parliament had the right to speak freely. refuse to pay taxes. disobey laws. serve as king.

COMMENTARIES ON THE LAWS OF ENGLAND

The English document that laid the groundwork for judges in the US to rule based on precedent is known as the .

REASON

The Enlightenment was an age of inquiry based on _________ , not religion.

A

The Magna Carta established the rights of citizens. neighboring countries. non-Christian believers. military officers.

C

The Magna Carta placed clear limits on the power of the citizens. army. king. Church.

A

The Magna Carta was presented to King John in 1215 because people were tired of his tyrannical rule. wanted him to declare war on France. wanted to praise him for his good deeds. were afraid he was too weak a ruler.

C

The Ten Commandments are a list of rules for organizing government. ensuring the separation of powers. living and worshiping. ruling an empire.

C

The US Constitution structures the government by creating a federal system that divides power equally between the states. a state system that organizes power on state and local levels. a system that organizes power on federal, state, and local levels. a system that divides power between executive and judicial branches.

C

The act of formally approving something is known as arbitration delegation. ratification. representation.

D

The best reason why direct democracy would not work well in the United States is that it would be impossible to get each and every citizen to vote. the national government can not listen to the ideas of individuals. it may have worked in ancient Greece, but it can not work in the modern world. large groups of voters would be difficult to manage.

B

The division of the US government into three branches is called public welfare. separation of powers. public works. separation of Congress.

C

The document that provides the structure for the US government is the Declaration of Independence. the Articles of Confederation. the US Constitution. the Bill of Rights.

D

The government provides a number of public safety services, including health inspections. workplace regulations. interstate transportation. law enforcement.

POPULAR SOVERIGNTY

The idea _____________ of means that government is created by the people and for the people.

D

The key idea of John Locke's Enlightenment theory was to protect and enhance the freedoms and rights of the government. the philosophers. the law. the individual.

B

The most important way in which the Greeks influenced American democracy was by allowing city-states to follow their own form of government. citizens to participate in government. elected representatives to make all decisions. strong leaders to make all decisions.

C

The part of the US government that carries out laws is the legislative branch. judicial branch. executive branch. congressional branch.

A

The preamble to the Declaration of Independence outlines the principles upon which the new government would be based. Which of these best describes one of those principles? a government based on a social contract the end of taxation without representation the removal of the British military a need for equality regardless of race or gender

C

Under the Articles of Confederation, if Virginia had ten thousand citizens and Delaware had five thousand citizens, how many representatives would each state have in the legislature? Virginia would have ten, and Delaware would have five. Virginia would have one, and Delaware would have five. Virginia would have two, and Delaware would have two. Virginia would have three, and Delaware would have two.

D

What are two types of oligarchies? theocracy and monarchy dictatorship and theocracy communism and dictatorship theocracy and communism

NOT C

What did Hobbes think government control was necessary for? providing safety and security erasing natural human tendencies creating a balanced society overcoming corruption

C

What did philosophers of the Enlightenment have faith in, believing it could answer questions and solve problems? science economics human reason government authority

C

What is the best definition of bicameral? a legislature based on size of the state an act of working as a lawmaker for a group a government made up of two parts or houses an agreement reached after long debate

NOT A

What purpose did the introduction to the Declaration of Independence serve? It outlined the principles behind the call for independence. It listed colonial grievances against the Crown. It indicated why independence was necessary. It declared independence from Britain.

B

What was an important effect of Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England? People in England no longer had to pay taxes. Common law became more accessible. Judges were able to rule as they pleased. The rights of the accused were done away with.

B

What was the biggest difference between government in ancient Athens and in ancient Rome? Rome was a direct democracy, and Athens was not. Athens allowed all citizens to vote, while Rome was a republic. Athens allowed women and slaves to vote, but Rome did not. Rome had a bicameral assembly, and Athens did not.

NOT C

What was the main failure of the Articles of Confederation that eventually led to the US Constitution? The state governments were left too weak to govern. The national government didn't hold enough power. The militia was preparing to overthrow the government. The citizens did not support the Articles.

C

What was the result of administrative weaknesses under the Articles of Confederation? The government courts found people guilty without a trial. The government overruled many state laws. The government couldn't maintain order. The government taxes were too high.

A

What would be the federal government's biggest problem if a war was imminent? The federal government had no national military. The country had grown too large to defend with a small army. The states would not back the federal government. There was no way the states would pay for fighting a war.

C

When the police arrest someone today, they must follow certain agreed-upon procedures. They are said to be following the rule of law. the separation of powers. due process. the legislative branch.

D

Which best describes why voters choose political candidates? to represent their interests in the economy to create policies that favor them to get rid of policies they do not like to represent their interests in government

B

Which best states a difference between voting in the US and in other countries? In some countries, citizens do not care enough to vote. In some countries, citizens do not have the right to vote. In some countries, citizens vote for communist leaders. In some countries, citizens vote for monarchs.

C

Which best summarizes the social contract outlined in the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence? Government has the power to protect natural rights, but states must also protect their rights. Government has the power to protect natural rights, but people must also protect their rights. Government has the power to protect natural rights, but people can change their government if it fails to do so. Government has the power to protect natural rights, but states can challenge the government if it fails to do so.

NOT A

Which could be considered an act indicating acceptance of the social contract? using electricity watching network news broadcasts driving on the highway taking a shower

B

Which form of government serves the interests of royal family members? a democracy a monarchy a theocracy an oligarchy

C

Which of these statements best describes the Greek city-states? Each city-state had the same level of influence. Each city-state had the same social organization. Each city-state had its own form of government. Each city-state allowed all people to vote.

C

Which part of the Declaration of Independence acts as an implied plan of action, in that it lists laws and practices to be changed? the introduction the preamble the body the conclusion

B

Which power does the federal government share with state governments? printing money collecting taxes setting up local governments conducting foreign affairs

A

Which quotation from the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence supports the idea that the United States is based on a social contract? "Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." "Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes." "[T]hey are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

C

Which responsibilities were assigned to the federal government under the Articles of Confederation? taxing goods and services maintaining a militia drawing up treaties publishing a newspaper

D

Which statement about the Great Compromise is accurate? It included all of Edmund Randolph's ideas. It was a completely new and different plan. It overlooked the issue of state representation. It merged the ideas of multiple delegates' plans.

D

Which statement about the Virginia Plan is accurate? It called for a unicameral legislature. It supported the interests of the smaller states. It proposed an executive staff instead of a single executive. It inspired the creation of the New Jersey Plan.

C

Which statement about the northern states in the 1780s is accurate? Their economy was based on agriculture. They had far fewer large cities than the southern states. They generally had less enslaved labor than the southern states. They had very large farms called plantations.

B

Which statement best characterizes a dictatorship? The leader shares power, if necessary. The leader maintains power through force. The leader inherits power through birth. The leader is blessed by the church.

C

Which statement is true of a government where there is no separation of powers? Judges decide the legality of laws passed by the legislature. The people's rights are guaranteed. One person rules and has absolute power. The legislature is divided into different branches.

NOT D

Which was a main reason for creating the Articles of Confederation? to have a unified nation for times of war to have a tax system to generate money to outline the role of individual citizens in government to determine the power of states and the federal government

D

Which was an area of weakness in the federal government under the Articles of Confederation? regulatory power authoritative power democratic power legislative power

C

Which word best describes the federal government that was created under the Articles of Confederation? powerful simplistic weak independent

B

Who were considered citizens in ancient Athens? women men slaves all Athenians

D

Why did Montesquieu advocate the separation of powers? to stop political parties from gaining too much power to ensure power divisions along party lines to eliminate conflict between branches of government to limit the power of any single group or person

A

Why did Thomas Paine question British authority to rule the colonies in Common Sense? He believed the king would only approve laws that benefited Britain. He believed Parliament did not understand the needs of the American people. He believed British laws could not be enforced from a distance. He believed the size of the colonies made them impossible for Britain to rule.

D

Why did colonists feel the Articles of Confederation were necessary even though the Declaration of Independence was already written? The Declaration of Independence outlined a system of government but did not specify how much power that government could have. The Declaration of Independence determined individual rights but did not discuss how those rights influenced others. The Declaration of Independence called for a federal system of government but did not plan for the role of individual states. The Declaration of Independence outlined a relationship between individuals and the government but did not detail the power and control of that government.

C

Why did the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise involve so much debate and discussion? The states were not ready to give up all of their independence. The states believed the Articles of Confederation were adequate. Each state was looking out for its personal interests and needs. Each state was certain that cooperation would lead to mutiny.

A

Why did the state delegates meet in 1787? to discuss a better system of government to elect George Washington as president to write the Articles of Confederation to collect taxes to pay the nation's debt

A

Why was the issue of slavery so important to the delegates of the Constitutional Convention? Both regions recognized that how enslaved people were counted would significantly affect representation. The northern states were convinced that enslaved people should be included fully as a part of the population. The southern states knew counting enslaved people as part of the population would damage their governmental position. Neither region wanted the enslaved people counted as part of the population because it would skew their representation.

D

William Blackstone was important because he wrote the Magna Carta. led the Glorious Revolution. wrote the English Bill of Rights. created a record of common law.

NATURAL

rights are basic rights to which all humans are entitled.

THOMAS HOBBES

supported the Enlightenment idea that people are naturally selfish.