Government Exam One Review

WHAT IS POLITICAL IDEOLOGY?

- are view of politics and the role of government

WHAT FORMS OF FREE SPEECH ARE THERE?

- commercial-advertising - symbolic/expressive-clothing and gestures

WHAT ARE THE FORMAL WAYS TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION?

- constitutional convention - amendment proposal to congress

WHAT DID THE 3/5TH COMPROMISE DO?

- electoral college based on population or property - didnt give african americans equal representation

WHAT ARE THE INFORMAL WAYS TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION?

- judicial review

WHY IS GOVERNMENT NECESSARY?

- keep order in civic society - different groups compete for power - provided common defense

WHAT ARE THE VALUES OF THE DOMINANT POLITICAL CULTURE IN THE U.S.?

- liberty - individualism equality - opportunity equality - christian/ Judaeo ethic

WHAT ARE THE THREE SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT AND HOW ARE THEY STRUCTURED?

- unitary-central government - federal-shared power - con-federal-state level

WHAT DID THE CIVIL WAR AMENDMENTS DO?

13-Ended slavery in the US 14-Gave full citizenship to former slaves 14-Guaranteed former slaves the right to vote 15-Gave all US citizens due process rights (infringe upon rights)

WHAT IS THE SUPREMACY DOCTRINE?

A DOCTRINE THAT ASSERTS THE PRIORITY OF NATIONAL LAW OVER STATE LAWS. If there a conflict between stae and federal federal always wins

DEFINE BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE?

A LEGISLATURE MADE UP OF TWO PARTS, CALLED CHAMBERS.

DEFINE UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE?

A LEGISLATURE WITH ONLY ONE LEGISLATIVE CHAMBER.

WHAT IS POLITICAL CULTURE?

A PATTERNED SET OF IDEAS, VALUES, AND WAYS OF THINKING ABOUT GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS THAT CHARACTERIZE A PEOPLE.

WHAT ARE LIBERTARIAN IDEOLOGIES?

A POLITICAL IDEOLOGY BASED ON SKEPTICISM OR OPPOSITION TOWARD MOST GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES. - defense

WHAT ARE CONSERVATIVE IDEOLOGIES?

A SET OF BELIEFS THAT INCLUDES A LIMITED ROLE FOR THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IN HELPING INDIVIDUALS, SUPPORT FOR TRADITIONAL IDEALS AND LIFE CHOICES, AND A CAUTIOUS RESPONSE TO CHANGE.

WHAT ARE LIBERAL IDEOLOGIES?

A SET OF BELIEFS THAT INCLUDES THE ADVOCACY OF POSITIVE GOVERNMENT ACTION TO IMPROVE THE WELFARE OF INDIVIDUALS, SUPPORT FOR CIVIL RIGHTS, AND TOLERANCE FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CHANGE.

WHAT IS LIBEL?

A WRITTEN DEFAMATION OF A PERSON'S CHARACTER, REPUTATION, BUSINESS, OR PROPERTY RIGHTS. (written publicatioin that damages reputation)

WHAT IS AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT?

AN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT MADE BY THE PRESIDENT, WITHOUT SENATORIAL RATIFICATION, WITH THE HEAD OF A FOREIGN STATE. "does not have to be approved by the Senate"

WHAT TYPE OF COMPACT GENERALLY NEEDS THE CONSENT OF GOVERNMENT?

ANY COMPACT THAT TENDS TO INCREASE THE POWER OF THE CONTRACTING STATES RELATIVE TO OTHER STATES OR RELATIVE TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.

WHAT RESTRAINS THE GOVERNMENT FROM TAKING CERTAIN ACTIONS AGAINST INDIVIDUALS?

CIVIL LIBERTIES

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FEDERALISM?

Dual Federalism Cooperative Federalism Fiscal Federalism

WHAT IS THE NECESSARY AND PROPER (ELASTIC) CLAUSE?

GRANTS CONGRESS THE POWER TO DO WHAT EVER IS NECESSARY TO EXECUTE ITS SPECIFICALLY numerated or express POWERS.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS?

Inherent- they are there but not listed Implied- given to necessary improper clause

WHO AUTHORED THE FEDERALIST PAPERS?

James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton

WHAT AGREEMENTS CAN BE MADE WITHOUT CONGRESSIONAL CONSENT?

MINOR MATTERS

THE LAWS PASSED BY _____ GOVERNMENT UNDER ITS CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS, AND ALL TREATIES CONSTITUTE THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND.

NATIONAL

WHAT IS AN EXECUTIVE ORDER?

Order issued by President that has force of law

WHAT IS LEGITIMACY?

POPULAR ACCEPTANCE OF THE RIGHT AND POWER OF A GOVERNMENT OR OTHER ENTITY TO EXERCISE AUTHORITY. "acceptance by the people"

b. reserved and concurrent powers; enumerated and inherent powers

State governments have the ________________ but lack the ___________________. a. concurrent powers; reserved powers b. reserved and concurrent powers; enumerated and inherent powers c. enumerated powers; reserved powers d. reserved and enumerated powers; inherent powers e. reserved powers; concurrent powers

WHAT IS POLICE/reserves POWER?

THE AUTHORITY TO LEGISLATE FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE HEALTH, MORALS, SAFETY, AND WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE. - 10th amendment

WHAT IS LIBERTY?

THE GREATEST FREEDOM OF THE INDIVIDUAL THAT IS CONSISTENT WITH THE FREEDOM OF OTHER INDIVIDUALS.

WHAT IS JUDICIAL REVIEW?

THE POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT AND OTHER COURTS TO EXAMINE AND POSSIBLY DECLARE UNCONSTITUTIONAL FEDERAL OR STATE LAWS AND OTHER ACTS OF GOVERNMENT.

WHAT IS POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION?

THE PROCESS BY WHICH PEOPLE ACQUIRE POLITICAL BELIEFS AND VALUES.

WHAT IS POLITICS?

THE PROCESS OF RESOLVING CONFLICTS AND DECIDING "WHO GETS WHAT, WHEN, AND HOW."

WHAT IS SLANDER?

THE PUBLIC UTTERING OF A FALSE STATEMENT THAT HARMS THE GOOD REPUTATION OF ANOTHER. (FACE-TO-FACE) (spoken)

IN THE UNITED STATES MOST OF THE POLICE POWER IS RESERVED TO WHOM?

THE STATES.

WHAT ARE CIVIL LIBERTIES?

THOSE PERSONAL FREEDOMS, INCLUDING FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND FREEDOM OF SPEECH, THAT ARE PROTECTED FOR ALL INDIVIDUALS.

WHAT IS "CONFEDERAL"?

a loose alliance between 13 independednt states of a central government.

A unicameral legislature is one with a. only one body or house. b. only one major political party. c. the power to choose the chief executive. d. no limits on its power. e. Both B and D are true.

a. only one body or house.

English philosopher believed that the main purpose of government was to a. protect man's natural rights of life, liberty, and property. b. promote religious separatism. c. defend against foreign enemies. d. raise taxes to build an army. e. promote equality under the law.

a. protect man's natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

A style of federalism in which the states and national government act as equals with independent spheres of authority is a. dual federalism. b. New Deal federalism. c. fiscal federalism. d. mandate federalism. e. cooperative federalism

a. dual federalism.

Categorical grants are a. federal grants to state or local governments for specific programs. b. emergency grants to states for unforeseen circumstances. c. a very recent form of national government support to school districts. d. unconstitutional because of separation of powers. e. None of the above is true.

a. federal grants to state or local governments for specific programs.

Public uttering of a _______ statement that harms someone's reputation is _______. a. true; neither slander nor libel b. true; slander c. false; libel d. true; libel e. false; constitutionally protected speech

a. true; neither slander nor libel

Language in the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment apply​ a. ​civil liberties to all persons in the United States. b. ​civil liberties to only citizens. c. ​all civil liberties to citizens, but only First Amendment liberties to non-citizens. d. ​all civil liberties to citizens, but only Fourth Amendment liberties to non-citizens. e. ​None of the above.

a. ​civil liberties to all persons in the United States.

State laws that have legalized the medical or recreational uses of marijuana conflict with federal law and may be invalidated because of a. ​the supremacy clause. b. ​the commerce clause. c. ​reserved powers. d. ​Both A and C. e. ​the necessary and proper clause.

a. ​the supremacy clause.

WHAT IS AN INTERSTATE COMPACT?

agreement between two or more states

Ratification of the Constitution required the approval a. of the thirteen state legislatures. b. by nine out of thirteen state conventions. c. of the thirteen state legislatures and two-thirds of Congress. d. by popular vote in nine states. e. None of the above is true.

b. by nine out of thirteen state conventions.

The Bill of Rights provided for a. the protection of individual liberties from state governments. b. the protection of individual liberties from the national government. c. equal protection under the law. d. protection against state infringements on the freedoms of conscience, the press, and jury trial. e. Options B and D are true.

b. the protection of individual liberties from the national government.

WHAT TYPE OF LEGISLATURE DID THE VIRGINIA PLAN CALL FOR?

bicameral based on population

WHERE ARE BASIC GUARANTEES OF LIBERTY FOUND?

bill of rights

International agreements between the president and a foreign head of state that do not require legislative approval are known as. a. memoranda of understanding. b. treaties. c. executive agreements. d. contracts. e. executive orders.

c. executive agreements.

The supremacy doctrine asserts the superiority of a. large states over small states. b. non-slave states over slave states. c. national law over state law. d. natural law over man-made law. e. None of the above is true.

c. national law over state law.

Taxes were imposed on the colonists to. a. pay for the coronation of King George III. b. pay for the establishment of more colonies. c. pay for the costs of Britain's defense of the colonies during the French and Indian War. d. enrich wealthy British landowners. e. None of the above is true.

c. pay for the costs of Britain's defense of the colonies during the French and Indian War.

The concept of separation of powers was included in the Constitution to prevent a. a major dispute over power between the House and the Senate. b. disputes over power between Congress and the president. c. tyranny by either the majority or the minority. d. the imposition of export taxes. e. disputes between the federal and state governments.

c. tyranny by either the majority or the minority.

Prior to the __________ and the process of incorporation, ______________. a. Second Amendment; all firearms were owned by the state governments b. Third Amendment; most American households quartered one or more soldiers c. Fourteenth Amendment; citizens of different states had different sets of civil liberties d. Sixth Amendment; most criminal convictions were done without a trial e. First Amendment; most states were officially Roman Catholic

c. Fourteenth Amendment; citizens of different states had different sets of civil liberties

"Full faith and credit" means that states must a. prosecute individuals who have broken other states' laws. b. return persons fleeing justice back to their home state. c. honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states. d. extend to citizens of other states the privileges and immunities of its own citizens. e. Both A and D.

c. honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states.

The clause in the Constitution that grants Congress the power to do whatever is necessary to execute its enumerated or expressed powers is called a. the due process clause. b. the concurrent clause. c. the elastic or necessary and proper clause. d. the reserved powers clause. e. the supremacy clause.

c. the elastic or necessary and proper clause.

The basis of freedom of religion is found in which two principles in the Bill of Rights? a. the establishment clause and the general welfare clause b. the supremacy clause and the free exercise clause c. the establishment clause and the free exercise clause d. the free exercise clause and the general welfare clause e. the general welfare clause and the supremacy clause

c. the establishment clause and the free exercise clause

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GOVERNMENT FUNDING PROGRAMS?

categorical grants block grant mandates - funded - unfunded

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules is called a. a syndicate. b. a constitution. c. a confederation. d. a social contract. e. a natural law.

d. a social contract.

The incorporation theory a. provides for congressional oversight into multi-national corporations. b. holds the view that most of the protections of the Bill of Rights apply to foreign government activities through the Fourteenth Amendment. c. allows companies to incorporate through government application. d. is the view that the provisions of the Bill of Rights are extended to individuals for protection against state actions. e. provides for government oversight to corporations doing business with the government.

d. is the view that the provisions of the Bill of Rights are extended to individuals for protection against state actions.

The Miranda rule a. was overturned by a Supreme Court decision. b. forbids the admission of illegally seized material evidence at trial. c. cannot be used to prevent confessions from being introduced as evidence. d. requires that suspects be read their rights before questioning. e. All of the above are true.

d. requires that suspects be read their rights before questioning.

In a unitary system of government, ultimate government authority is located at a. the state or provincial level. b. the local or municipal level. c. the regional level. d. the national or central level. e. Options A and B are true.

d. the national or central level.

WHY DID THE FOUNDERS NOT ESTABLISH A DIRECT DEMOCRACY?

did not trust people - weren't smart enough - influenced by demigods - trample on the rights of minorities - mob rule

The power of the Supreme Court to declare actions of the other branches of government to be unconstitutional is known as a. judicial activism. b. the Madisonian model. c. legislative ratification. d. the supremacy doctrine. e. judicial review.

e. judicial review.

Civil War Amendments a. abolished slavery. b. sought to guarantee equal rights under state laws. c. gave the right to vote to African Americans. d. defined who was a citizen of the United States. e. All of the above are true.

e. All of the above are true.

The Court has based the right to privacy on a. the First Amendment. b. the Third and Fourth Amendments. c. the Fifth Amendment. d. the Ninth Amendment. e. All of the above are true.

e. All of the above are true.

The concept of the separation of church and state a. was referred to by Thomas Jefferson as "the wall of separation." b. covers conflicts about the legality of giving state and local government aid to religious organizations and schools. c. refers to the establishment clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution. d. forbids the government from establishing an official religion. e. All of the above are true.

e. All of the above are true.

Prior restraint is a. used by Congress to hold secret committee meetings. b. a method used by the government to get terrorists to talk. c. another term for censorship, when expression is involved. d. restraining an activity, such as expression, before that activity has actually occurred. e. Options C and D are true.

e. Options C and D are true.

As originally presented in the Constitution, the Bill of Rights a. protected citizens from all forms of government. b. contained no language on religion. c. limited only the power of state governments. d. protected citizens from the national and state governments, but not from local governments. e. limited only the power of the national government, not that of the states.

e. limited only the power of the national government, not that of the states.

Devolution is defined as a. ​the transfer of government from federalism to confederalism. b. ​the process of moving from dual federalism to cooperative federalism. c. ​the transfer of power from state governments to local governments. d. ​None of the above. e. the transfer of government power from the national government to state governments.

e. the transfer of government power from the national government to state governments.

When Congress passed a tariff in 1828, South Carolina tried to nullify it to a. assert the power of the state governments over the national government. b. indicate that a state should have the ultimate authority over its citizens. c. protect slavery. d. increase the price of exported and imported goods. e. Options A and B are true.

e. Options A and B are true

WHAT IS THE FULL FAITH AND CREDIT CLAUSE?

each state to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.

WHAT WAS "McCulloch V. Maryland" ABOUT?

established implied powers

WHAT IS "CONSENT OF THE PEOPLE"?

legitamacy

WHAT WAS "GIBBONS V. OGDEN" ABOUT?

regulate commerce

WHAT DID "GIBBONS V. OGDEN" DECIDE?

regulate interstate congress

WHAT DID "McCullouch V. Maryland" DECIDE?

ruled that congress has the power to create a bank

WHAT IS SELECTIVE INCORPORATION?

states to obi ed by amendments that have been challenged in courts.

WHAT IS FREE SPEECH?

the right of people to express their opinions publicly without governmental interference, subject to the laws against libel, incitement to violence or rebellion.

WHY WAS SEPARATION OF POWERS INCLUDED IN THE CONSTITUTION?

to prevent the tyranny of manority and majority

WHAT IS FEDERALISM?

written constitution divides power between a central government and regional or sub-divisional governments.