Government final

Under the federal law PACs can contribute up to______ per candidate for federal office for a primary election and general election combined: A)$50,000 B)$100,000 C)$40,000 D)$10,000 E)$2000

D) $10,000

Which of the following is a possible outcome of gerrymandering? A) protecting incumbents And discouraging challengers B) strengthening the majority party while weakening the minority party C) increased or decreased minority representation D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Political protests: A) Have become more spontaneous and unlawful in recent years B)Or today mostly aimed at local laws and local political targets C) have recently seen success in changing policy primarily with liberal or leftist Protest groups D)Are seen by most Americans as something to be accepted but not admired E) are more common in the United States today than in most European democracies

D) Are seen by most Americans are something to be accepted but not admired

All of the following tend to decrease voter turn out EXCEPT: A) frequent elections B) the burdens of voter registration C) lack of interest in politics D) sharp policy differences between major parties E) alienation

D) Sharp policy differences between major parties

Which of the following is an indication of strong party loyalty? A) an increase in independent voters B)The influence of short term issues and candidates C) they focus on candidate charisma and personal style D) straight ticket voting E) split ticket voting

D) Straight ticket voting

Which of the following contributes to an individual's political socialization? A) Family B) School C) Peer groups D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Which of the following groups is least likely to identify with the Democratic Party: A) African Americans B) White women C) White Northerners D) White southerners E) hispanics

D)White southerners

Which of the following is an interest group more likely to champion than a political party? A) A broad range of ideological issues B)A particular candidate C) an issue that has the broad backing of the general public D) A policy that would have a broad impact E) A controversial issue

E) A controversial issue

Regarding same-sex marriage it is true that: A) it is a state issue that is beyond federal control or influence B) The marriage issue has been the primary focus of the LGBTQ community until recently C) it first became legal in New York D) several states have recently reversed earlier legal approval of the practice E) Younger people are more likely to approve of it than older people are

E) Younger people are more likely to approve of it than older people are

Organization a takes positions on political issues raises and spends money in election campaigns and nominates some of its members as candidates for public office organization it is which of the following? A) A political party B) an interest group C) A political action committee D) A labor union

A) A political party

Which of the following are key players in the modern campaign? A) All of these answers are correct B) media consultants C) campaign consultants D) pollsters E) fundraising specialists

A) All of these answers are correct

The Supreme Court decision in citizens United versus federal election commission 2010: A) allows corporations and labor unions to spend unlimited funds on campaigns as long as there is no coordination with the candidate B) limits PACs by reducing the amount of money they can raise through contributions made by small donors C) has forced corporations in labor unions to legally divorced themselves from the PAC they sponsor D) has strengthened the argument that PAC is constitute a better system of campaign finance then one based on wealthy donors E) has forced candidates for office and elected officials to make public the amounts of campaign contributors they have received from PACs and which PACs make those donations

A) Allows corporations and labor unions to spend unlimited funds on campaigns as long as there's no coordination with the candidate

According to public opinion data public attitudes about the death penalty in the United States exhibit: A) General support for capital punishment B) General opposition to capital punishment C) apathy about capital punishment D) Confusion about capital punishment

A) General support for capital punishment

The party in government refers to: A) Office holders who support the party's position on policy issues B) All the people who say they identify with a particular party C) The party workers and party activist who recruit and help to get candidates elected D) All of the above

A) Office holders who support the party's position on policy issues

_______ elections tend to draw the largest percentage of voters in the US: A) Presidential B) Gubernatorial C) Congressional D) mayoral E) primary

A) Presidential

Negative campaigning in presidential elections was first used in: A)The early years of the country B) the 1860 election C) The 1960s D) Andrew Jackson's campaigning for presidency E) The depression years

A) The early years of the country

The fact that a group of individuals would all benefit from draining a swamp but that any individual can dodge his or her part of the duties illustrates the concept of: A) free riding B) negative externalities C) positive externalities D) collective optimization

A) free riding

Decision making via pluralism implies: A) interest groups are the primary actors in policy making B) whatever the most citizens want serves to guide policymaking C) elite rule policymaking processes with a little input from average citizens D) all issues are decided by citizens via referendums

A) interest groups are the primary actors in policy making

Which of the following is the most common act of political participation in the US? A) voting B) campaigning C) contacting a public official D) marching and demonstrating

A) voting

Michigan school: A) voting is a function of party identification B) voting is a function of utility maximizing self interest C) voting is a function of group dynamics dictated by an opinion leader

A) voting is a function of political identification

A general belief about the role and purpose of government is called: A) Conservatism B) an ideology C) politicization D) Socialization E) none of these answers is correct

B) An ideology

One consequence of today's high choice media system is: A) None of these answers is correct B) an increase in the number of people who use partisan outlets as their primary news source C) narrowing in the information line D)The individual choice is actually more limited E)The individuals are more informed

B) An increase in the number of people who use partisan outlets as their primary news source

The term used to describe unlimited political spending by outside groups that do not have a direct connection to a candidate or his/her election committee is: A) ad hoc support B) issue advertising C) Political advocacy D) non aligned campaigning

B) Issue advertising

One reason that affirmative action is so controversial is that: A) it is implied only to private Businesses and schools not to government programs and institutions B) it is viewed as giving preferential treatment Which is unpopular instead of simply ensuring equal treatment C) since the 1980s the Supreme Court has imposed it on the American public despite congressional attempts to end it D) most Americans admit they oppose programs that ensure equal treatment for minorities E) The supreme court has repeatedly declared it unconstitutional both in principle and in practice

B) It is viewed as giving preferential treatment which is unpopular it instead of simply ensuring equal treatment

Which of the following is an in accurate representation of the publics opinion about leaders and their accountability? A) most citizens have higher opinion of both Congress as a whole and their local representative in Congress B) most citizens have a little opinion of Congress as a whole but say they have confidence in their local representative in Congress D) most citizens do not feel that their local representatives in Congress should be held accountable for the votes they have to make in order to stay in line with their parties platform C) most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole and also of their local representative in Congress E) most citizens have a high opinion of Congress as a whole but say they have a little confidence in their local representative in Congress

B) Most citizens have a low opinion of Congress as a whole but say they have confidence in their local representative in Congress

When the nation was founded who was eligible to vote: A) Only citizens to have lived in the nation for at least 10 years B) Only males who owned property C) all native born citizens D)Everyone— there was universal suffrage E) All males and females who were at least 21 years of age

B) Only males who owned property

What are the two distinguishing characteristics of political socialization? A) Schools are the most influential agent of political socialization and political socialization is strongest during childhood B) political socialization is cumulative and is most heavily developed during childhood C)Family is the strongest agent of political socialization and political socialization is the strongest during high school and college D)Political socialization is transitory and is the most heavily developed during young childhood E) political socialization occurs primarily among educated populations and is most heavily developed during adulthood

B) Political socialization is cumulative and is more heavily developed during childhood

The Watergate scandal illustrates the: A) inadequacy of the media as a common carrier to the public B) power of the media to serve as watchdog to safeguard against abuse of power C) futility of media attempts to forecast political events D)Abuse of power by journalist in the United States E)Ability of the price to serve as the publics representative in political disputes

B) Power of the media to serve as a watchdog to safeguard against abuses of power

The disappearing political middle in political party politics refers to: A) Increased bias for media organizations in the 21st-century B) The increasing tendency for a party members to vote strictly along party lines C) The inability for third parties to win elections D) all of the above

B) The increasing tendency for party members to vote strictly along party lines

All of the following statements about Hispanic Americans are true except that: A) they are healthier and have a longer life expectancy than would be expected from their education and income levels B) Their average annual income is relatively close to the national average C) They are the fastest growing minority in the United States D)They are one of the nations oldest ethnic groups E) they have made major political gains in terms of electing local officials particularly in the south western states

B) Their average income is relatively close to the national average

In general which of the following is likely to receive the greatest amount from PAC contributions: A) challengers running against incumbent members of Congress B) incumbent members of Congress C) republican candidates for congress running against Democrats D) independent challenges

B) incumbent members of Congress

PCA's tend to contribute the most money to: A) Independents B) incumbents C) Challengers D) Liberal Democrats E) liberal Republicans

B) incumbents

And organization of people who join together voluntarily on the basis of some interest they share for the purpose of influencing policy is a good definition of which of the following? A) Political party B) Interest group C) Political action committee D) agent of political socialization

B) interest group

The aggregate of public attitudes or beliefs about government or politics is known as: A) political efficacy B) public opinion C)Public mood D) democratic theory

B) public opinion

Which one of the following measures design to decrease the influence of money on electoral outcomes remains from the federal election laws introduced after the Watergate scandal of 1970s? A) restrictions on overall political spending by candidates running for public office B) restrictions on how much individuals can contribute to a single candidate C) restrictions on the aggregate total that individuals can contribute to all candidates D) all of the above

B) restrictions on how much individuals can contribute to a single candidate

Downs school: A) voting is a function of party identification B) voting is a function of utility maximizing self interest C) voting is a function of group dynamics dictated by an opinion leader

B) voting is a function of utility and maximizing self interest

Which of the following is not an interest group function? A) working to influence policy makers B) working to influence the courts C) addressing a broad and diverse range of public issues D) working to influence legislators E) promoting public policies

C) Addressing a broad and diverse range of public issues

Which of the following groups is most likely to identify with the Democratic Party: A) White men B) White women C) African Americans D) White southerners E) hispanics

C) African Americans

During the 20th century American parties lost their exclusive control over: A) Nominations B) The staffing of government jobs C) All of these answers are correct D) Candidate platforms E) campaign financing

C) All of these answers are correct

Which of the following is true of Americans pride in their democracy? A) American pride in their democracy has stayed relatively consistent in recent decades as comparatively high compared to most other countries B)Americans pride in their democracy is relatively low compared to most other countries C) Americans pride in their democracy has decreased rapidly in recent decades largely as a result of increasing partisanship D) Americans pride in their democracy has increased slightly in recent decades largely as a result of participation in foreign wars E) American pride in their democracy has decreased rapidly in recent years largely as a result of the ongoing difficulty of Participation in foreign wars

C) Americans ride in their democracy has decreased rapidly in recent decades largely as a result of increasing partisanship

The federal communications commission (FCC) Has regulatory oversight over which of the following? A)Magazines B) Internet content C)Broadcast radio D)All of these answers are correct E)Newspapers

C) Broadcast radio

Which of the following is not a generalization of pluralism? A) The average citizen does not generally participate in policy making processes B) overlapping interests and memberships exist among groups C) business elites are more important than political elites D) intense minority concerns are and should be protected

C) Business elites are more important than political elites

During the era of objective journalism the commitment of newspapers to two sided news reporting: A)Was uniform throughout the sections of a newspaper B)Was enshrined in the editorial section C) did not extend to their editorializing D) caused democracy in the United States to deteriorate E) all of these answers are correct

C) Did not extend to their editorializing

Of the following the news media are most likely to focus on: A) Events experience by ordinary citizens B)Events that affect small numbers of people C) events that are timely D)Events that occur in other countries E) complex events that are difficult to report

C) Events that are timely

The situation in which individuals are tempted not to contribute to a cause because they will get the benefits even if they do not participate is called the: A) Disincentive factor B) zero sum game C)Free rider problem D)Size factor E) special interest paradox

C) Free rider problem

Compared with US citizens of higher incomes those of lower incomes are: A) About equally likely to vote in elections B) None of these answers is correct C) Much less likely to vote in elections D) much more likely to vote in elections E) much less likely to vote in elections— a pattern that is also true and European democracies

C) Much less likely to vote in elections

The party as organization refers to: A) Office holders who support the parties position on policy issues B). All the people who say they identify with a particular party C) The party workers and party activist who recruit and help to get candidates elected D) all of the above

C) The party workers and party activist who recruit and help to get candidates elected

The focus of civil liberties is the ________ and the focus of civil rights is the ________. A) equal rights in the treatment of members of differing groups the rights of individuals protected from the infringement by the government B) The rights of individuals protected from the infringement by the government equal rights in the treatment of members of different groups C)The rights of individuals under a government the rights of society as a whole D) The rights of individuals to privacy and expression the rights of individuals with respect to imprisonment and punishment E)The 10th amendment of the 14th amendment

C) The rights of individuals under a government the rights of society as a whole

Which of the following is true of letter writers and demonstrators: A) they tend to espouse a centrist idealogical leaning B)They tend to have a greater effect on policymakers than the public opinion polls of the general population C) their polls tend to be more extreme than those of population as whole D) roughly 10% of Americans participate in a mass demonstration or write a letter to editor each year E) they tend to be individuals who have participated in violent or physical expressions of political opinion

C) Their polls tend to be more extreme than those of the population as whole

Which of the following statements about political participation in lower income Americans is true: A) they are most sought out by state and local governments with the intent to register them as voters than or wealthier Americans B)They are both position to participate politically but show the highest level of apathy toward participation C) they need the most government help but are less likely to engage in collective action to seek it D) despite lower voting turnout levels the high visibility of lower income Americans leads to them having political influence roughly equal to that of wealthy Americans E) Americans in the bottom fifth of income levels are twice as likely to engage in public protest as those in the top fifth

C) They need the most government help but are less likely to engage in collective action to seek it

Columbia school: A) voting is a function of party identification B) voting is a function of utility maximizing self interest C) voting is a function of group dynamics dictated by an opinion leader

C) Voting is a function of group dynamics dictated by an opinion leader

All of the following ideological Types are prevalent in the united states EXCEPT: A) Libertarians B) conservatives C) communists D) Liberals E) populists

C) communists

The theory of representation that suggest that government officials are obligated to do the will of the people (i.e., follow the dictates of political opinion) is the: A) representative model B) Trustee model C) Delegate model D) public servant model

C) delegate model

Which of the following is the main difference between political parties and interest groups? A) political parties are more ideological B) political parties have a narrower policy focus C) political parties actually attempt to win control of the machinery of government while interest groups do not D) interest groups spend more on elections than political parties

C) political parties actually attempt to win control of the machinery of

The process whereby individuals acquire political knowledge attitudes and beliefs is known as which of the following? A) Public opinion B) political efficacy C) political socialization D) indoctrination

C) political socialization

Which of the following is NOT an example of an interest group? A) NARAL B) Sierra club C) Republican Party D) NRA

C) republican party

Business and trade groups are influential because of which of the following reasons ? A) They frequently support a third-party candidates B) there are not very many of these types of groups C) they are well-financed D) they rarely challenge the government

C) they are well-financed

Which type of household has the lowest percentage families living in poverty: A) Male headed family B)Single parent family C)Two parent family D)Female headed family E) all of these household types have about the same percentage of living in poverty

C) two parent family

The air we breathe is an example of: A)Collective good B)Material good C)Mass-produced good D)Negative externality E) private good

Collective good

Literacy test were used to: A) Ensure that women voted with their husbands who legally control the money in a marriage B) ensure that the people who voted would take the vote seriously C) finance election campaigns D) disenfranchise african-Americans in the south E) help subsidize public education in the north

D) disenfranchise african-Americans in the south

Which of the following is a consequence of high choice media system: A) Emerging of the three tiers of public affairs audiences B)greater control by people over what they see in hear C)A growth in the traditional public affairs audience D) A higher proportion of objective news sources to partisan news sources E) A de-aging of the overall news and public affairs audience

D) A higher proportion of objective news sources to Partisan news sources

Political parties serve to: A) Offer citizens a choice in the direction of the government B) Bring numerous candidates for office under a common label C) allow a coalition of common interest join together for a political purpose D)All of these answers are correct E) offer the public a choice between policies and leaders

D) All of these answers are correct

Country A uses proportional representation. Which of the following statements is most likely to be correct about country A? A) Country A has two party system B) Country A is a communist country C) candidates do not run under party labels and country a D)Country has a multiparty system

D) Country has a multiparty system

What did political scientist Larry Bartels demonstrate in his book unequal democracy: A) elected officials are substantially more responsive to the efforts of lobbyists than to the concerns of their constituents B) incumbents hold so much power in the United States and are so difficult to unseat that they have disenfranchised Much of the voting population of the US C) elected officials do not tend to respond to the efforts of social movements or protest one casting boat or forming policy D) elected officials are substantially more responsive to the concerns of their more affluent constituents Then to those of their poorer constituents E) elected officials tend to ignore the interest of their constituents when they make policy or cast votes until just before they are up for reelection

D) Elected officials are substantially more responsive to the concerns of their more Affluent constituents than to those of their poorer constituents

A conservative is opposed to government intervention: A) And neither the social sphere nor the economics sphere nor the economic sphere B)In both economic and social spheres C) in the social sphere but not the economic sphere D) in the economic but not the social sphere E) only with regard to affirmative action

D) In economic but not the social sphere

Selective perception is primarily a result of: A) Religion B) Economic class C) age and generational beliefs D) Partisanship E) race and ethnicity

D) Partisanship

Agency capture occurs when: A) The executive branch takes back control of regulatory agency B) an election results in the replacement of an agency's leadership through appointive positions under a new president C) A regulatory agency funnels money back into the lobbying organizations that are seeking policy changes D) regulatory agencies side with the industries they are supposed to regulate rather than with the public E) A regulatory agency must be dismantled because it has become corrupted

D) Regulatory agencies side with the industries they are supposed to regulate rather than with the public

______ based on judgment about the past performance of an elected official or political party? A) split ticket voting B) prospective voting C) straight ticket voting D) retrospective voting E) none of these answers is correct

D) Retrospective voting

Proportional representation systems encourage the formation of smaller parties by enabling parties to: A) receive campaign funds from government in proportion to their support in opinion polls B) when legislative seats by lottery for parties that have no chance of winning majority support C) advertise on television D) win legislative seats even though they do not receive a majority of votes in elections E) share in patronage appointments which serves as an incentive to lure campaign workers

D) Win legislative seats even though they do not receive a majority of votes in elections

Housing in America: A) Falls largely outside the scope of laws— people are free to rent or sell property to whomever they want B) Is an unimportant civil rights issue since housing patterns almost completely reflect the personal preferences of people and are not substantially influence by past or present racial bias C) Is an area where the equality is now nearly a reality people of similar incomes regardless of race or color find a equally easy to qualify for home mortgages D) continues to evidence a high degree of racial segregation E) none of these answers is correct

D) continues to evidence a high degree of racial segregation

Which of the following groups is least likely to vote? A) retired people B) people who attend church regularly C) people who earn over $100,000 D) younger people

D) younger people

Voting: A) Is the most widespread form of political participation B) Does not offer as full an opportunity for political participation as some other activities C) Provide citizens with a regular way to express themselves politically D) Is a limited form of political participation E) all of these answers are correct

E) All of these answers are correct

The 14th amendment applies to discriminatory action by: A) Congress specifically B) The president specifically C) Both government and private parties D) private parties only E) Government only

E) Government only

Which demographic is in particular key to the future of both parties? A) African-American voters B) Jewish voters C) senior voters D) Middle-class voters E) Hispanic voters

E) Hispanic voters

The process of political socialization in United States is: A) highly effective Americans are the best informed citizens in the world B) highly structured children are subjected to an intense system of government and mandated political indoctrination C)Extremely narrow most Americans getting nearly all their opinions from a single source D) usually uniform there are almost no differences in the opinions of various groups such as Northerners and Southerners E) normally cumulative political beliefs obtained earlier in life tend to be retained to a substantial degree

E) Normally cumulative political beliefs attained earlier in life tend to be retained to a substantial degree

The theory that societies interest or most effectively represented through group action is? A) Elitist theory B) Constitutionalism C) Republicanism D) Interest group liberalism E) Pluralist theory

E) Pluralist theory

And general public opinion: A)Determine specific government actions B)Is strongest during a presidential election C)Is unrelated to government action D)Affects government action only on election issues E) sets limits on government action

E) Sets a limit on government action

The yellow journalism of the late 19 century was characterized by: A)Pre-justice against Asian people and countries B)It's appearance solely and weekly and monthly magazines C) and unwillingness to take an editorial positions because of a fear of losing circulation D)The desire to present the news in an objective manner E) The emphasis on sensationalism as a way of selling newspapers

E) The emphasis on sensationalism as a way of selling newspapers

The major reason for persistence of the American two party system is: A) That there are naturally only two sides to political disputes B) The existence of state laws prohibiting the placement of a third major party on the ballot C) Proportional representation D) Regional conflict E) existence of single member election districts

E) The existence of single member election districts

Which of the following statements would not be excepted by supporters of the pluralist view of interest groups? A) most interest benefit from the working of the group system which is a reason to support policy process that is responsive to groups B) public policy should represent the diversity that exists in society C) The group interest process correctly exclude some of the smallest groups from influence because they lack strong public support D) people separate interest or a legitimate basis of public policy E) opinion of the majority should always prevail in a policy dispute over the opinion of a more intense and directly affected minority

E) The opinion of the majority should always prevail in a policy dispute over the opinion of a more intense and directly affected minority

Which institution receives the most news coverage from the national press? A) US house of representatives B) US supreme court C) US Senate D) The federal bureaucracy E) The presidency

E) The presidency

Partisan talk radio got it start: A)On the day of rush Limbaugh's first broadcast B)During the late 1930s C) and early 1990s after the election of democrat Bill Clinton D) after cable television led the way E) after the abolition of the fairness doctrine

E) after the abolition of the fairness doctrine

Which of the following statements is true of age discrimination in the United States? A) Age discrimination is among the forms of discrimination prohibited by the US Constitution B) The courts have not given government and employers any leeway in establishing age based policies C) hiring bias on the basis of age is still allowed by all private companies but has been mostly abolished and government and public agencies D)Forced retirement for reasons of age is not permissible even if justified by the nature of a particular job or the performance of a particular employee E) mandatory retirement age for most jobs have been eliminated by law

E) mandatory retirement age for most jobs have been eliminated by law

Unlike other democracies the United States: A)Places the burden for voter registration on the government B)Penalizes eligible voters for failing to turn up and vote on election day C)Holds elections for lower house of the legislature every four years D)Holds elections for its chief executive every six years E) uses primaries to select political candidates

E) uses primaries to select political candidates

The process by which individuals acquire their political opinions is called: A)Socioeconomic change B) social communication C)Popular culture D)Political assimilation E)Political socialization

E)Political socialization

Yellow journalism contributed most notably to public support for the: A) American revolution B) Spanish American war C) Civil War D) Mexican war of 1848 E) war of 1812

Spanish American war