Government Unit 1 Answers PHS

(L7) Select THREE goals of the Lee Resolution.

establish a union of the colonies; plan to pursue foreign relations; write a declaration of independence

(L7) Identify THREE major contributions of the Second Continental Congress.

established a postal system; borrowed money from domestic and foreign sources; printed money

(L2) French Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bossuet advocated and wrote about the ___ Theory

Divine Right

(L2) The _____ was a time in which philosophers cited reason as a source of authority informing political thought.

Enlightenment

(L8) Which man was NOT a member of the Committee of Five tasked with drafting the Declaration?

George Washington

(L6) Select TWO reasons Great Britain allowed the colonies freedom in setting up their own governments.

Great Britain saw an opportunity to gain profits if the colonies successfully built businesses for the British Empire.; The colonies were physically far from Great Britain and stretched over a vast territory.

(L4) Which FOUR basic questions must all governments answer to determine the economic system of their state?

How much will be produced? What will be produced? Who receives what is produced? How will these goods and services be produced?

(L3) Select TWO historical examples of confederate forms of government.

Iroquois Confederacy Articles of Confederation

(L7) The Battle of ___ marked the beginning of the American Revolutionary War.

Lexington

(L8) "...That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it and to institute new Government..."

Locke's belief that man had an obligation to overthrow the government when necessary

(L1) What was the role of philosophers in the establishment of the ideal state according to Plato?

Philosophers are the Guardians of the people, and as such should be obeyed without question.

(L6) Select TWO effects of the deposition of King James II.

The Church of England became more powerful; The new monarchy signed into effect an English Bill of Rights giving more power to Parliament.

(L3) Select THREE characteristics of a presidential government.

The executive branch chooses members of the legislative branch; Only the legislature can introduce laws;p It is based on the principle of separation of powers by which the executive and legislative branches check one another.

(L3) Select THREE characteristics of a parliamentary government.

The legislature can check the executive branch with a vote of no confidence; Members of the executive branch are selected by the legislative branch, not voters; The leader of the executive branch can dissolve the government.

(L7) Select THREE reasons or incidences that swayed public opinion to support independence.

The pamphlet Common Sense by Thomas Paine challenged the authority of the British government and monarchy; The Continental Army had military successes; The British closed American ports, reduced trade, and cost the colonists their livelihoods.

(L5) Why did the Puritans establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

They desired to create a society based on biblical ideas free from interference by the king.

(L8) Who was considered the father of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

(L8) The purpose of the Declaration of Independence is stated in the document's ____.

preamble

(L6) Identify TWO reasons the British Parliament wanted to control the American colonies.

to keep other foreign countries from taking over the colonies with their raw materials; to monopolize the colonial trade and increase the revenue for its own country

(L1) What was the earliest primitive form of government?

tribal council

(L7) The First and Second Continental Congress assemblies were examples of ___ governing bodies.

unicameral

(L3) If government power is ___, it is more difficult for those in power to benefit personally.

widely distributed

(L8) "...We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal and that they are endowed...with certain unalienable rights."

Locke's belief that man has rights that cannot be taken from him

(L8) "That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."

Locke's social contract theory concerning popular sovereignty

(L8) "...they (men) are endowed by their Creator with certain...Rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

Locke's state of nature that involved man's natural rights, which included the right to defend life, health, liberty, and possessions

(L8) Choose FIVE principles found in the Declaration of Independence that relate to John Locke's social contract theory.

Man has the right to defend his life, his liberty, and his possessions. Man's state of nature was to empower the state for the public good. Government serves by the consent of the people. All men possess natural rights regardless of where they are born. Man had an obligation and responsibility to abolish a state should it become tyrannical or threaten man's natural rights.

(L4) Select THREE characteristics that differentiate free enterprise (capitalism) from socialism and communism.

private ownership and control of the factors of production without government control; the potential to profit from one's labor; encouragement of competition

(L5) Select THREE principles guaranteed by the Magna Carta that later influenced some of the fundamental principles found in the Constitution of the United States.

representation of the people; rights and liberties for the individual such as trial by jury; limited government

(L7) As the 13 colonies grew in number, how did each colony communicate with the other colonies?

representatives from each colony assembled at the Continental Congress

(L3) To be submissive or subordinate is to be ___.

subservient

(L8) A(n) ___ is a principle on which something is built.

tenet

(L8) What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?

to dissolve their allegiance to Britain and declare their independence

(L6) Why did Parliament enact so many taxes and laws against the colonies?

to raise revenue and to assert control over the colonies

(L3) Type your answer. Explain why the concept "worth of the individual" of liberal democracy is important using complete sentences.

AMV In a democracy, citizens seek not only their own welfare, but the welfare of others in society. As a result, many will pay taxes or serve in the military for the greater good of society.

(L1) Choose Fact or Opinion. Fact Opinion Fact Opinion Fact

Choose Fact or Opinion. Historically speaking, "state" has multiple meanings: nation, country, institution, or society. A sovereign state places power in the hands of the people. Natural rights exist for all people regardless of their place of birth or class. States recognize an individual's natural rights at all times. The state is the main political unit in the world.

(L2) Choose the correct theory for each. Social Contract theory Force theory Evolutionary theory Divine right theory

Choose the correct theory for each. People voluntarily give up some or all of their natural rights to live under a government, with which they have a mutual relationship. The weak submit to the strong. The family unit was the first primitive form of government. State authority is based on the power of God.

(L2) Choose the correct theory for each. Force Theory Divine Right Theory Social Contract Theory Evolutionary Theory

Choose the correct theory for each. The strongest rule over the weak. Rulers are chosen by God. The state arose due to the voluntary acts of free people. Clans grew into tribes and then states.

(L8) "When...it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another...a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel...the separation."

Rousseau's belief that the state is accountable to society

(L8) Who addressed the Continental Congress with the statement "You are now the guardians of your own liberties"?

Samuel Adams

(L7) The assembling of the ___ was considered the foundation of America's first national government.

Second Continental Congress

(L2) People lived in a state of nature in the earliest times of civilization according to the ___ Theory.

Social Contract

(L1) Moses and the Hebrews believed that the ___ were God-given laws that defined a human's relationship with God and with other humans.

Ten Commandments

(L1) Choose the FOUR elements that are necessary for a state to exist.

a government a territory people sovereignty

(L3) Type your answer. Explain why the concept "majority rule/minority rights" of liberal democracy is important using complete sentences.

AMV A basic principle of democracy is the concept of majority rule while protecting individual and minority rights. The standard by which public policy is made is determined by majority rule, rather than by the dictates of a few powerful individuals. It is built on the belief that a majority of people will be right more often than they will be wrong. While majority rule establishes policies, it is vital to protect the individual and minority rights of those who do not agree. Indeed, minority rights must be protected no matter how alienated the minority is from the majority of society. In the United States, basic individual liberties are protected through the Constitution. These rights safeguard the rights of any minority against majority tyranny.

(L3) Type your answer. Explain why the concept "individual freedom" of liberal democracy is important using complete sentences.

AMV Democracy blends the rights of the individual and the rights of society as a whole. While democracy is established on the concept of individual freedom, that does not mean absolute freedom. Absolute freedom would permit each person to do whatever he chose without any regard for others. Such actions would negate any form of government and result in disorder.

(L3) Type your answer. Explain why the concept "equality of all people" of liberal democracy is important using complete sentences.

AMV In the second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson writes, "We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal ... endowed ... with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." Simply stated, every person in society has the right to live freely to fulfill his potential and be treated equally under the law.

(L3) Type your answer. Explain why the concept "compromise" of liberal democracy is important using complete sentences.

AMV There are two reasons compromise is an essential part of the democratic process. First, democracy views all people as equals. Second, it is inevitable that individual opinions will differ. Democracy is best served by allowing all sides to present their viewpoint and work toward an agreeable compromise.

(L8) Who wrote "To usurp dominion over a people, in their own despite, or to grasp at a more extensive power than they are willing to entrust, is to violate that law of nature" in The Farmer Refuted?

Alexander Hamilton

(L3) Select TWO reasons why compromise is an important feature in democracy.

All people are equal in a democracy; Compromise will always result in the best solution.

(L2) Match each form of society and government with the theory that influenced its organization. (Some of the answers will be used more than once.) Locke's social contract theory Hobbes' social contract theory Locke's social contract theory Rousseau's social contract theory Hobbes' social contract theory Bossuet's divine right of kings

Match each form of society and government with the theory that influenced its organization. (Some of the answers will be used more than once.) The state of nature is one where people live in peace and honor each other's natural rights. The state determines what is good for the people; people do what is good for the state. States are accountable, too, and serve at the will of the people. Man will forfeit his interests for the good of the general population. Life is brutish, nasty, and short-lived. The king's authority is absolute.

(L5) Match each statement with the type of colony it best describes. proprietary charter royal charter royal proprietary charter

Match each statement with the type of colony it best describes. This colony was meant to bring revenue to England. This colony was not strictly controlled; most of these types could make their own decisions. This colony was under strict rule by a sovereign power Often, this type of colony was established because of religious intolerance. This colony's governor answered directly to the king. This colony's landowner appointed a governor. This colony's governor was often elected by the people.

(L4) Match the characteristics with the economic systems. Answers may be used more than once. communism x merc/ lais free enterprise (capitalism) free enterprise (capitalism) socialism free enterprise (capitalism) x comm/soci /merc free enterprise (capitalism) mercantilism lazissez faire x comm communism x merc / free socialism

Match the characteristics with the economic systems. Answers may be used more than once. grew out of socialism was a reaction to capitalism emphasizes competition private ownership seeks an economy under the collective social control of the working class controls not only all factors of production, but all areas within society rewards personal initiative classless society pursuit of profit governments sought to gain power by accumulating more wealth than other nations advocated by Adam Smith, the "father of modern economics" and author of The Wealth of Nations; doctrine of economic opportunity with little to no government intervention system most associated with Karl Marx, co-author of The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels North Korea doctrine that people can be more prosperous without government intervention Sweden

(L5) Match the definitions with the terms. bicameral dissent common law precedent unicameral charter

Match the definitions with the terms. a legislative branch with two houses to disagree with a majority view a term that describes unwritten laws that are based on customs, traditions, and prior judicial decisions any decision that serves as a pattern for future decisions a legislative branch with a single house a grant by a sovereign power creating a new entity

(L1) Match the definitions with the terms. state dictatorship tyranny vestige inalienable innate sovereignty

Match the definitions with the terms. a politically organized body of people occupying a definite territory that has sovereignty and a government form of government in which absolute power is held by one person government characterized by unreasonable abuse of power evidence of something no longer existing inherent; characteristic of natural rights born in; inherited having supreme, absolute power

(L3) Match the descriptions with the government classifications. Articles of Confederation unitary government federal government confederation government

Match the descriptions with the government classifications. document illustrating an early form of confederate government powerful central agency that delegates some power to lower levels of government power divided by government between central and lower levels of government national government subservient to an alliance among independent states

(L7) Match the descriptions with the names. George Washington Tories (Loyalists) Paul Revere and two other men John Hancock Boston Tea Party Thomas Paine Patriots

Match the descriptions with the names. elected commander-in-chief of the Continental Army colonists who were loyal to the king warned the colonists that British troops were leaving Boston elected president of the Second Continental Congress event that expressed colonial anger at British taxes author of Common Sense pamphlet that persuaded many colonists to support independence colonists who fought for independence

(L3) Match the descriptions with the words. absolute monarchy authoritarian totalitarian separation of powers feudalism direct democracy despot liberal democracy absolute monarchy

Match the descriptions with the words. hereditary rule by divine right form of government that gives one person or a small group absolute power overlaps with authoritarianism; controls every aspect of a person's life government divides power between central and lower (state) governments form of government centering around ownership of land and social classes examples are initiatives, referendums, and recalls authoritarian tyrant who governs for his own well-being principle introduced by Montesquieu that eventually formed the basis of the American system of government rule of the people, or another word for constitution or representative democracy

(L4) Match the factors of production with their role in the production and distribution of goods and services. land (natural resources) entrepreneurship labor capital goods

Match the factors of production with their role in the production and distribution of goods and services. natural resources used in the manufacturing products education and skill necessary to create products or provide services the ability to do work tools and equipment needed to accomplish work

(L6) Match the statements with the actions of Parliament. Townshend Acts Intolerable Acts Tea Act of 1773 Stamp Act of 1765 Boston Massacre Church of England

Match the statements with the actions of Parliament. taxed the imports of the colonists power to use necessary force to control the colonies in response to the Boston Tea Party regulation that undercut the profits of merchants in the colonies imposed a tax on all printed materials British soldiers sent to the colonies killed five colonists during a violent demonstration replaced the Roman Catholic Church after the deposition of James II

(L5) The ___ provided a framework for the first form of democratic government in the American colonies.

Mayflower Compact

(L5) Select THREE facts that describe a charter.

a grant for ownership from someone with sovereign power; an official written document giving permission to own land; a document that ensured colonists had rights and liberties as freemen to colonize

(L6) Which reason led to the passage of the Stamp Act of 1765?

a need to pay for the expenses of the Seven Years' War and soldiers in North America

(L2) Freedoms and liberties established by human law are _____ rights.

civil

(L7) Select FOUR purposes of the First Continental Congress.

come up with a plan of action against Britain's oppression; deliver a declaration of rights from the colonists to King George III; create local committees to oversee compliance of Congress' laws; boycott English goods

(L1) Select FOUR characteristics that define natural law.

common to all people innate has always existed guide for man's actions

(L3) Select THREE characteristics of a democracy.

consent by the people to accept the government's actions (consent of the governed); acknowledgement of people's basic rights; participation by the people

(L3) A(n) ___ is a person who authorizes another to represent him.

constituent

(L6) A(n) ___ is removal from office.

deposition

(L4) Which type of economic system would more closely subscribe to the doctrine of laissez faire?

free enterprise (capitalism)

(L1) Choose the FOUR characteristics that help to define natural rights.

government cannot deny these came from natural law inalienable rights universal

(L5) Select the THREE fundamental principles widely applied by the governments established in English North American colonies.

government that must represent the people; government that is not all-powerful; religious toleration

(L2) A(n) _____ is a strong belief that guides a movement or cause.

ideology

(L6) Which economic system did the Navigation Acts seek to protect?

mercantilism