GOVT 2305/306(Burnside): Final

1. Which war allowed the transformation of federalism from domination by the states and the people over the national government to the national government over the people and the states? a. The American Revolution b. The War of 1812 c. The Civil War d. World War I

C

11. One of the important functions of the 'whips' in Congress is to ____________ a. physically beat members of the opposition party b. literally whip dissenting members of their own party c. make sure that the whip's party has the votes to pass a bill d. The 'whip' position does not exist in Congress

C

11. The Founders respected the Roman ____________ for more fully developing the idea of Natural Law and opposing _______________. a. Aristotle / Alexander the Great c. Cicero / the transition from a republic to an empire b. Thomas Aquinas / Julius Caesar d. Plato / Emperor Augustus Caesar

C

12. ________________ declared that an "unjust law is no law." a. Thomas Aquinas b. Martin Luther King c. both 'a' and 'b' d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

C

13. A broad interpretation of the "necessary and proper clause," allows for the creation of an agency ____________. a. to tell farmers how much they may grow b. to implement a social security system c. 'a' and 'b' d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

C

13. A president who has major legislation that he would like to pass would be wise to get that legislation before Congress______________________. a. after the first cycle of congressional elections, midway through his first term b. after he is re-elected, and at the start of his second term c. immediately after he takes office, during the "honeymoon" period d. at any time; there's no advantage to introducing legislation at one time rather than another

C

13. ___________ maintained that a tyrant was a criminal, and as such, could be executed if a crime warranted it. a. Aristotle b. Thomas Aquinas c. Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos ("VCT") d. Thomas Hobbes

C

14. The facts of a case are established in the __________________. a. arguments before the Supreme Court c. trial court b. arguments before the district appellate court d. briefs submitted to the trial court judge

C

15. Locke's political theory argues for __________________. a. the divine rights of kings. c. a social contract based on the consent of the governed b. democracy. d. a sovereign who is not under law.

C

16. The idea that a wall or hedge must exist between religion and the government originated with ___________. a. Thomas Paine c. Roger Williams b. Thomas Jefferson d. John Adams

C

18. Presidents must be at least ______ years old when they takes office. a. 25 b. 30 c. 35 d. 40

C

20. Economic policy entails ____________ a. taxation and spending b. controlling the money supply c. 'a' and 'b' d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

C

20. The first two paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence include _______________. a. the idea that George III is a tyrant b. a pledge between the signers to commit their lives, fortunes, and sacred honor to American independence c. a justification of revolution whenever the government takes away any inalienable right d. all of the above

C

23. Liberty under law, guided by virtue, was an idea that found agreement among ___________. a. Christians and non-Christians c. both 'a' and 'b' b. Liberals and Conservatives d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

C

23. Put the following events in their proper order. I. Send the bill to the president II. Introduce the bill and assign it to a particular standing committee III. If necessary, create a single bill through the Conference Committee IV. Send the bill to the full chamber for debate, amendments and a vote a. I, II, III, IV b. IV, III, II, I c. II, IV, III, I d. II, III, IV , I

C

23. The United States Supreme Court has _______________. a. original jurisdiction c. both 'a' and 'b' b. appellate jurisdiction d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

C

24. An individual senator can exercise tremendous power by filibustering unless ________. a. a majority of the Senate votes to cut off the senator from speaking b. the party leader tells the senator to stop c. 60 senators vote to cut off the senator from speaking d. 67 senators vote to cut off the senator from speaking

C

25. The control of the U.S. House and U. S. Senate are reflected in _______________. a. the power of the President. c. the party that holds all of the committee chair positions. b. the power of the Vice-President. d. the party that controls the Supreme Court

C

26. If the police conduct a search related to a drunken driving incident, they have conducted a(n) __________. a. illegal search c. legal warrantless search b. legal warranted search d. 'anticipatory' search

C

26. The delegates sent to Philadelphia in 1787 were authorized to ____________. a. write a defense of the current constitution c. revise, or suggest revisions to, the current constitution b. write a new constitution d. identify the strengths of the current constitution

C

26. The repetition of periods of growth followed by periods of recession—boom and bust—is more formally known as a(n) ___________________. a. economic cycle b. financial alteration c. business cycle d. supply-side economics

C

28. The doctrine of ________ promotes a policy that will increase demand throughout the national economy, if it forces the national government to borrow money (deficit spending). a. the business cycle b. laissez-faire c. Keynesianism d. noblesse oblige

C

29. A federal form of government (i.e. federalism) _______________________. a. decentralizes power in the hands of the states c. divides power between the national government & the states b. is ruled by a "philosopher-king" d. centralizes all power in the hands of the national government

C

29. The minimum age for a US Senator is __________ years old. a. 40 b. 35 c. 30 d. 25

C

3. The Civil War ______________. a. was not caused by a constitutional crisis, and did not, in the aftermath, influence the Constitution b. was caused by slavery, and served to bolster "dual federalism" c. could be viewed as a constitutional crisis that ultimately ended "dual federalism" through military might d. was fought for a righteous purpose and resolved the issue of slavery through the "rule of law"

C

31. If the House of Representatives and the Senate pass different versions of the same bill, then _______________. a. the president may choose one of the two bills to sign b. the president must craft one single bill from each version and then sign it c. the two chambers can meet in a conference committee and create one single bill d. none of the above

C

31. Reaganomics or 'Supply Side' economics ___________. a. has no impact on savings and investment c. supports the idea of saving, investing or spending b. opposes the idea of saving, but supports spending d. none of the other options .

C

32. The minimum years of citizenship for Representatives and Senators implies that ____________. a. a member of Congress who becomes President can be a naturalized citizen b. members of Congress must be natural born citizens c. members of Congress can be naturalized citizens d. Senators are expected to be older and wiser than Representatives

C

33. The ____________ supported the ratification of the Constitution that was written in 1787. a. Democratic-Republicans c. Federalists b. Anti-Federalists d. Tories

C

36. The United States justified its intervention into the affairs of Latin American nations with the _________ Corollary. a. Lincoln b. McKinley c. Roosevelt d. Truman

C

37. Economic data (GDP and unemployment rates) from the 1930s and early 1940s show that the ______________. a. economy grew under Hoover but returned to 1929 levels under FDR b. economy declined gradually under Hoover, but declined more rapidly under FDR c. economy fell into a depression by 1930, and never returned to 1929 levels until WW II began d. The economic data from this period is inconclusive.

C

38. The textbook states that "Both opponents and proponents of the Constitution agreed on the principle of ____________ government. a. highly centralized c. limited b. highly decentralized d. democratic

C

39. The Federalists feared a tyranny of the __________________. a. aristocracy b. oligarchy c. majority d. bureaucracy

C

43. The international financial system that took nations off the gold exchange system, adopting a ratio system instead, is called the _______________. a. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) b. Deregulation System c. Bretton Woods Agreement or Bretton Woods System d. Keynesian economics

C

44. The combination of the three branches of government, checks and balances and federalism indicate that the Founders wanted to ________________. a. make government as complex as possible b. minimize the amount of legislation passed and signed into law c. deter the concentration of power d. satisfy the special interests of different regions

C

45. In Johnson v. Texas the Supreme Court ________ flag-burning as __________. a. struck down / unprotected hate speech c. upheld / protected symbolic speech b. upheld / protected hate speech d. struck down / unprotected symbolic speech

C

48. The first ten amendments to the U. S. Constitution are referred to as the ____________. a. Rights of the People b. Federalist Papers c. Bill of Rights d. States' Rights

C

48. Who claimed that "an iron curtain has descended across Europe"? a. Franklin Roosevelt c. Winston Churchill b. Harry Truman d. General Eisenhower

C

49. The Supreme Court originally denied that homosexuality is a fundamental right in __________, but reversed its opinion in approximately ________ years. a. Lawrence v. Texas / 15 c. Bowers v. Hardwick / 17 b. Johnson v. Texas / 12 d. Gonzales v. Carhart / 22

C

49. The War Powers Resolution (Act) of 1973 was designed to _______________. a. reduce Congress's control over the commitment of troops b. expand the president's power to commit U.S. troops to combat c. curtail the president's power to commit U.S. troops to combat d. increase the judicial branch's control in foreign affairs

C

5. Excused absence are ________. a. the four instances identified by Blinn College policy and medically and legally related issues b. supported by documentation from a third party professional c. 'a' and 'b' d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

C

5. When bureaucracies fail to rationally organize their work responsibilities, they may ___________. a. see problems "fall through the cracks" c. 'a' and 'b' b. undergo a turf war between agencies d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

C

50. Institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled is called __________. a. an oligarchy c. government b. pluralism d. a constitutional government

C

51. Attorney General William Barr believes that the congressional delegation of power frees Congress to _______________. a. focus on ongoing problems (like Social Security) with the goal of refining the system b. focus on current problems (like international terrorism) with the goal of ending it c. challenge and harass the executive branch (especially the president) more frequently d. none of the above

C

51. In the film clip from A Bridge of Spies that was shown in class, the "rule book" refers to _____________. a. Robert's Rules of Order c. the U. N. Declaration of Human Rights b. the Declaration of Independence d. the Constitution of the United States of America

C

22. In general, presidential popularity tends to drop after Inauguration Day, but a major event that causes a _______________ can raise the president's popularity temporarily. a. "rally 'round the flag" effect b. shock to the nation c. rapid rise in the stock market d. Nothing can stop the president's gradual slide in popularity

A

22. In the Declaration of Independence, the author uses colonial history to establish the "case" against George III and justify America's revolt against British rule. a. True b. False

A

22. _________ measures the size of a nation's economy. a. GDP b. inflation rate c. unemployment rate d. money supply

A

24. The first constitution of the United States was called the ______________. a. Articles of Confederation b. Confederate Plan of Union c. Bill of Rights d. Union of American States

A

28. A confederate form of government (i.e. a confederacy) _________________ a. decentralizes power and favors state governments c. divides power between the national government & the states b. is ruled by a "philosopher-king" d. centralizes all power in the hands of the national government

A

28. The phrase "wall of separation" does not occur in the First Amendment. a. True b. False

A

3. The correct form number for the scantrons is specified in the syllabus. a. True b. False

A

3. The departments, agencies, bureaus and offices that perform the function of governments are known as the _______________. a. bureaucracy b. government c. aristocracy d. democracy

A

30. Under the 3rd Amendment the Supreme Court applied the prohibition against "cruel and unusual punishment" to the states. a. True b. False

A

33. Defense policy deals with the issue (or issues) of ________________. a. defending the nation against foreign threats c.. 'a' and 'b' b. developing relationships with foreign nations d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

A

33. When generally applicable secular law conflicts with religious beliefs, the free exercise of religion is ___________. a. usually overridden c. guaranteed by the Second Amendment b. considered to have priority over the secular law d. none of the other options

A

34. The Supreme Court has determined that testimony made with the assistance of closed circuit television is permissible. a. True b. False

A

37. After World War II, the United States utilized the _______ to combat the spread of Communism in East Germany. a. Berlin Airlift b. Berlin Wall c. Eisenhower Doctrine d. "Iron Curtain"

A

39. In R. A. V. v. St. Paul, the US Supreme Court determined that hate speech is a form of protected speech, but later modified that interpretation where hate speech involves cross burnings. a. True b. False

A

39. President ______________, through Attorney General Janet Reno, threatened legal action against mortgage lenders if they did not begin to provide mortgages for families and individuals with low incomes. a. Clinton b. George W. Bush c. Obama d. Reagan

A

39. The __________________ committed the U.S. to a policy that promised to challenge any European nation that attempted to establish new colonies in the Western hemisphere. a. Monroe Doctrine b. Roosevelt Corollary c. Truman Doctrine d. Domino theory

A

40. The U.S. often avoided participation in European affairs through a policy known as __________. a. isolationism b. multilateralism c. preemption d. globalism

A

41. Article II of the Constitution vests the executive power in a president. a. True b. False

A

41. The ___________ administration used federal funds to bail out large investment banks. a. Barak Obama b. George W. Bush c. Bill Clinton d. George Bush

A

43. Federal social policy relies upon "cooperative federalism," which means that an individual can contact a state agency for assistance in which of the following federal programs? a. unemployment insurance c. assistance in reducing state taxes for senior citizens b. Medicare d. none of the options 'a,' 'b,' or 'c'

A

45. America's commitment to oppose the spread of communism almost immediately after World War II is known as the ___________________. a. Truman Doctrine c. Marshall Plan b. Kennan Proposal d. Virginia Plan

A

46. The amendment process for the Constitution is set out in Article V and creates a _________. a. two-stage process of proposal and ratification b. an easy procedure for changing the document. c. single-stage process utilizing conventions or Congress. d. process by which the states, Congress, and voters must agree on changes to the document.

A

47. In D.C. v Heller the Supreme Court interpreted the Second Amendment to mean that __________. a. every person has a right to a personal firearm that may be kept at home b. every person has a right to purchase any firearm that they choose c. every person has a right to take a personal firearm wherever they choose d. the right to bear arms only applies to people who are in the state militia

A

47. Which war forced America to initially break from isolationism? a. World War I b. World War II c. Korean d. Vietnam

A

5. Discrimination that is instituted by law is called ____________ discrimination. a. de jure b. de facto c. separate but equal d. non-violent

A

50. Over the course of American history, the federal government has grown _________ compared with the states. a. stronger b. weaker c. more expensive d. in tandem

A

51. The incarceration of American citizens of Japanese descent was upheld by the Supreme Court in the ___________ decision. a. Korematsu c. Hirohito b. Hirabayashi d. Inouye

A

52. The word "republic" ____________. a. comes from a work on political theory written by Plato b. comes from Latin and means "the public thing" c. 'a' and 'b' d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

A

53. According to an article written by Edward S. Corwin, and published in the Harvard Law Review, the Ninth Amendment is based upon the idea of 'higher law' or 'natural law,' and is, therefore, not a good justification for legalizing abortion. a. True b. False

A

7. A writ of habeas corpus protects an arrested person by requiring that law enforcement officers bring a person in custody to court to hear a formal statement of the charges. a. True b. False

A

7. Modifications to the idea of (dual) federalism through the New Deal produced a new form of federalism that political scientists call "cooperative federalism." a. True b. False

A

53. The _____________ and ____________ were two organizations formed after World War II to help rebuild nations that had been decimated by the war. a. World Trade Organization (WTO) / General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) b. North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) / the Common Market c. International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank d. none of the above

C

53. The idea of the "rule of law" _____________. a. comes from Aristotle b. means that the laws that govern people must remain the same for everyone; they do not change depending upon who is in power c. 'a' and 'b' d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

C

53. The textbook describes the Federal Reserve Board members as subject to the nomination and confirmation process, but otherwise independent of executive (presidential) or congressional influence. What the book calls independence, ______________ calls / called _________________. a. Rand Paul / a lack of candor c. President Trump / excellent policy b. Ted Cruz / unconstitutional d. Ron Paul / a lack of transparency

C

6. According to Milton Friedman and Ben Bernanke, the ____________ caused the Great Depression of the 1930s. a. Bank of the United States b. U. S. Congress c. Federal Reserve d. failure of capitalism

C

9. "Block grants" _________________. a. allow states to spend federal funds as they see fit b. force states to spend federal funds as the federal government sees fit c. allow states to spend federal funds within a range of options granted by the U.S. government d. are only given to community organizations

C

9. A student who arrives late __________. a. can assume that the instructor knows that they came in late; a tardy will be recorded b. doesn't need to worry about tardies since they have no influence on their grade c. needs to inform the instructor of their presence to make sure that a tardy is recorded d. none of the above

C

9. Appeals to the Supreme Court are not automatic because the Supreme Court _____________. a. only hears cases one month out of the year b. is not an appellate court c. determines whether to accept an appeal and consider a case d. must get approval of Congress before accepting a case

C

27. A unitary form of government ________________. a. decentralizes power in the hands of the states c. divides power between the national government & the states b. is ruled by a "philosopher-king" d. centralizes all power in the hands of the national government

D

27. The Republicans' support of lower marginal tax rates is a reflection of a theory known as _________ economics. a. laissez-faire b. demand side c. Keynesian d. supply-side (Reaganomics)

D

28. The minimum age for a US Representative is __________ years old. a. 40 b. 35 c. 30 d. 25

D

29. The process by which the Supreme Court has chosen to apply some guarantees in the U.S. Constitution's Bill of Rights to the states is called ________________. a. due process c. the inclusion doctrine b. selective establishment d. selective incorporation

D

30. A committee that is established on a temporary basis is called a/an ________ committee. a. standing b. ad valorem c. pro tempore d. ad hoc or select

D

30. The principle of "checks and balances" is illustrated by the president's power to ___________ and the congressional power to _____________. a. ignore legislation / impeach the president b. veto line items in an appropriations bill / remove the president from office c. appoint / impound funds d. veto legislation / override presidential vetoes

D

31. The Great Compromise in the Constitution resolved the conflict over _________ and gave the nation a __________ Congress. a. representation / weak c. raising taxes / unitary b. slavery / bicameral d. representation / bicameral

D

32. The phrase ___________ was transferred from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution (of 1787), but the phrase ______________ was NOT transferred to the new Constitution (of 1787). a. "full faith and credit" / "privileges and immunities" c. "necessary and proper" / "perpetual union" b. "expressly delegated" / "privileges and immunities" d. "full faith and credit" / "perpetual union"

D

33. Monetary policy is developed by __________________. a. Congress c. the Office of Management and Budget b. the Congressional Budget Office d. the Federal Reserve Board

D

36. The all-time highest marginal tax rate for the personal income tax was over ________. a. 60% b. 70% c. 80% d. 90%

D

37. To assure the ratification of the Constitution (of 1787) the Founders agreed to add ____________. a. The Federalist Papers c. judicial review for the Supreme Court b. an amendment ending slavery d. a Bill of Rights

D

38. The ______________ published a misleading article regarding the home loan industry, which motivated the president to demand a change to home loans practices. a. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) b. Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC) c. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) d. Federal Reserve (the "Fed")

D

4. Points can be deducted on the exam for failing to ___________. a. use a scantron c. put the correct test form on the scantron b. use the correct scantron d. 'a,' 'b,' and 'c'

D

4. The case of __________ demonstrated that the national government's power extended to control of private property under "cooperative federalism." a. McCulloch v. Maryland c. Allgeyer v. Louisiana b. Barron v. Baltimore d. Wickard v. Filburn

D

40. When law enforcement officers arrest an individual, they must inform this individual of the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. This requirement placed upon law enforcement officers comes as a result of the decision in ________________________. a. Roe v. Wade c. Brown v. Topeka Board of Education b. Furman v Georgia d. Miranda v. Arizona

D

42. The "Lemon test" created a standard for identifying laws that _______________. a. permit double jeopardy b. violate the free exercise of religion c/ censor free speech d. establish religion (i.e., breach the "wall of separation" between church & state")

D

42. The international organization, formed to keep the peace after World War II is called the _____________________. a. World Peace Foundation c. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace b. League of Nations d. United Nations

D

43. The division of the national government into the legislature, the presidency and the judiciary is known as _____________. a. federalism c. the spirit of the laws b. checks and balances d. the separation of powers

D

44. In 1947, the American government decided to help rebuild the economies of Europe by sending large amounts of aid through a program known as the _______. a. Truman Doctrine c. Virginia Plan b. Kennan Proposal d. Marshall Plan

D

45. Since the implementation of President Johnson's "War on Poverty," the poverty rate has _________. a. steadily dropped until it is now under 10% b. steadily dropped but still stands at 10% c. gone up and generally stays between 16% - 20% d. settled into a range generally between 11.5% - 15%

D

46. America and its allies countered the USSR's organization, known as the __________, with ________________. a. Warsaw Pact / the European Union c. Helsinki Accords / SEATO b. Helsinki Accords / NATO d. Warsaw Pact / NATO

D

47. If a public school addresses the topic of the origin of life, the federal government forces public schools to teach the theory of evolution based upon ______________. a. a federal statutory requirement passed by Congress b. an amendment to the US Constitution c. the effect of federal court decisions d. all of the above

D

48. Under the Constitution, national government power can be limited by all of the following EXCEPT ___________. a. federalism b. power sharing between branches c. checks and balances d. one party rule

D

48. ____________ is the controlling (or governing) case in legal disputes concerning abortion.. a. Roe v. Wade c. Mapp v. Ohio b. Lawrence v. Texas d. Planned Parenthood of SE Pennsylvania v. Casey

D

5. The Seventeenth (17th) Amendment weakened state power by ______________. a. allowing Congress to tax individuals c. abolishing the poll tax b. creating a national bank d. abolishing representation of state governments in Congress

D

50. In Brown v. Topeka Board of Education, the Supreme Court recognized the principle that __________. a. a school official can search a student for drugs. b. everyone must go to school at least until the age of 16. c. tuition for private schools cannot be tax deductible. d. separation of students by race, even in equally good schools, is unconstitutional

D

50. The Constitution gives the president all of the following powers EXCEPT the power to __________. a. nominate (generally recognized as "appoint") and remove executive officials b. veto legislation passed by Congress c. grant pardons d. declare war

D

51. The phrase "so help me God" in the presidential oath ____________. a. appears in the oath as written in the Constitution b. was added by John Adams as an informal amendment to the Constitution c. was added to the Constitution through the Eleventh (11th) Amendment d. illustrates an "informal amendment" that has been added through custom

D

6. The extensive powers granted to federal agencies has had the effect of violating the______________. a. separation of church and state c. principle of federalism b. separation of powers principle d. all of the above

D

9. The greatest growth of the federal bureaucracy occurred in the __________. a. late 1700s b. early 1800s c. late 1800s d. the late 1900s

D

1. The rejection of a legislative act by the president is known as the __________. a. legislative overturn c. executive order b. veto d. impeachment

B

10. Judicial review is generally considered a result of _________________ a. the US Constitution. c. the Articles of Confederation b. Marbury vs. Madison. d. a legislative act

B

12. Judicial review is mentioned in Article III of the Constitution. a. True b. False

B

12. The federal government's fiscal year ends on December 31. a. True b. False

B

13. The Supreme Court will hear a case if ________ justices vote to do so. a. three b. four c. five d. six

B

14. A president may grant a pardon for an impeachment. a. True b. False

B

14. The authors of your textbook assert that every act of Congress______________. a. is subject to the division of power indicated in the Tenth Amendment b. has to be applied by the states as if it were state law c. 'a' and 'b' d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

B

15. If a federal appellate court renders a decision, the decision applies everywhere in the United States. a. True b. False

B

15. The distinct selection of the Vice-President by the Electoral College and the direct election of Senators by the voters of their respective states demonstrate ______________. a. what is known as informal amendments to the Constitution b. the principle that amendments that contradict the original Constitution take precedence c. that amendments can address new topics that are not in the original Constitution d. nothing in particular; the two amendments are completely unrelated

B

15. Treaties are ______________________. a. negotiated and made effective by the president b. negotiated by the president, but made effective by ratification of the Senate c. negotiated through a Senate committee and approved by the president d. negotiated by the president, but made effective by ratification of Congress

B

16. The President of the United States, as Commander-in-Chief may constitutionally _____________. a. declare war b. move troops anywhere without congressional approval c. court-martial any officer d. move any amount of funds into the defense budget

B

17. When the President of the United States sends troops to a foreign country to fight a war, the president has issued a formal declaration of war against another country. a. True b. False

B

18. In some instances, U.S. Supreme Court decisions may be appealed to state Supreme Courts. a. True b. False

B

19. The president has _______ way(s) of vetoing a bill from Congress. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

B

2. Each student will need at least ____ scantrons. a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7

B

20. A president must always sign a bill before it becomes a law. a. True b. False

B

21. _______________ support(s) the idea that a 'laissez-faire' economic policy dominated the United States in the 19th century. a. Granting monopolies c. Regulating the railroads b. Henry Clay's "American System" d. None of the three other options

B

22. Appellate courts accept cases on appeal and retry these cases after they have been heard by a court of original jurisdiction. a. True b. False

B

24. The textbook explains inflation as __________________ a. increasing the money supply faster than the growth rate of the national economy b. a consistent increase in the general level of prices c. caused by 'a' and having the effect of 'b' d. none of the above

B

25. Under the first constitution of the United States most of the power ______________. a. resided in the national government c. was shared by the national and state governments b. resided in the states d. was shared with Great Britain

B

26. The most powerful position in the House of Representatives is called the ___________. a. Majority Leader c. President of the House b. Speaker of the House d. President pro tempore

B

27. The Supreme Court has a clear definition of a fundamental right. a. True b. False

B

27. The most powerful position in the Senate is called the _____________. a. President pro tempore c. President of the Senate b. Majority Leader d. Vice-President

B

29. Reducing government's control over the economy is called ____________. a. reductionism b. deregulation c. laissez faire d. recession

B

3. Soon after the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was established, women found greater protection against discrimination on the job and in hiring practices. a. True b. False

B

30. Keynesianism ___________. a. has no impact on savings and investment b. opposes the idea of saving, but supports spending c. supports the idea of saving and investment as well as spending d. none of the above.

B

31. "Miranda rights" are drawn from the ____________. a. 1st and 5th Amendments c. 2nd and 3rd Amendments b. 5th and 6th Amendments d. 6th and 7th Amendments

B

32. Evidence from a "tainted search" may still be accepted by a judge if it ___________. a. was an 'anticipatory' search c. was a 'reasonable' search b. was a 'good faith' search d. "Tainted searches" are always invalid.

B

32. Prior to Franklin Roosevelt's administration, the U. S. was on the __________ standard. a. silver b. gold c. precious metals d. silver and gold

B

34. America's opposition to the spread of communism after World War II could be described as a security policy known as _______________. a. a war of attrition c. 'a' and 'b' b. containment d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

B

34. President Obama's response to the recession of 2007-2009 reflected the influence of ___________. a. the doctrine of laissez faire c. the doctrine of "survival of the fittest" b. Keynesianism d. Locke's belief in the inalienability of property

B

34. The ___________ insisted that a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution. a. Federalists c. both 'a' and 'b' b. Anti-Federalists d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

B

35. The Supreme Court first applied the Fourteenth Amendment to the states in __________. a. Marbury v. Madison c. Gitlow v. New York b. Allgeyer v. Louisiana d. Arkansas v. Epperson

B

35. The last war in which the United States made a formal declaration of war was _____________. a. World War I b. World War II c. the Korean War d. the Vietnam War

B

35. ____________ wrote The Federalist Papers. a. George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson b. John Jay, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison c. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Adams d. John Jay, John Marshall and Alexander Hamilton

B

35.. The idea of an income tax was "sold" to the American people as a ____________. a. means of redistributing wealth c. raising additional revenue for World War I b. small tax on rich people only d. 'a,' 'b,' and 'c'

B

36. Anti-Federalists, such as _____________, opposed the _______________. a. Thomas Jefferson / adoption of the Declaration of Independence b. Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee / adoption of the Constitution c. Alexander Hamilton / the political party known as "Federalists" d. Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee / Articles of Confederation

B

36. In Palko v. Connecticut the US Supreme Court determined that ________ is not a "fundamental freedom." a. symbolic speech c. the prohibition against self-incrimination b. double jeopardy d. a public trial

B

37. In Boerne v. Flores the Supreme Court _______________. a. used the 'wall of separation' doctrine to protect the free exercise of religion b. allowed a city to use a zoning law to stop a church expansion project c. upheld the Religious Freedom and Restoration Act d. abandoned the 'wall of separation' doctrine

B

38. The Cold War was / is a worldwide struggle over conflicting ideologies that ______________. a. pitted the US against China and Japan b. pitted the US against the USSR c. created a counter-movement called Global Warming d. launched a German civil war.

B

38. The case of Plessey v. Ferguson, in which the Supreme Court upheld the practice of providing "separate but equal" public facilities, is significant because it ___________________. a. forced integration throughout the South b. legally justified segregation for nearly 60 years c. required reparations to former slaves d. required public facilities to be integrated throughout the nation

B

4. Discrimination that is based on practice or a pattern of behavior is called ____________ discrimination. a. de jure b. de facto c. separate but equal d. non-violent

B

4. The selection of employees for government agencies on the basis of party loyalty, electoral support, and political influence is the ______________ system. a. merit b. spoils c. supply and demand d. contractual

B

40. Article I of the Constitution creates the U.S. Supreme Court. a. True b. False

B

40. The __________ administration did not change the home loan / home ownership policy that had been developed by the Clinton administration. a. George Bush b. George W. Bush c. Obama d. Reagan

B

41. The Supreme Court determined that Congress may make a law inhibiting the free exercise of religion in ______. a. Epperson v. Arkansas c. Lemon v. Kurtzman b. Reynolds v. U. S. d. Mapp v. Ohio

B

41. The international organization, formed to keep the peace after World War I was called the _______________________. a. World Peace Foundation c. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace b. League of Nations d. United Nations

B

42. The Constitution grants the Supreme Court of the United States the power of judicial review. a. True b. False

B

42. The new healthcare law ("Obamacare") ______________. a. allows individuals to customize their healthcare coverage b. requires all healthcare policies to cover the same basic medical expenses c. allows individuals to refuse healthcare coverage without any penalties d. gives people the option of keeping their old healthcare policy or selecting a new one

B

43. Schenck v. New York clearly established that there cannot be any prohibitions on free speech. a. True b. False

B

44. The Supreme Court currently uses the _________ test to determine if speech can be protected. a. "clear and present danger" c. "symbolic language" b. "direct incitement" d. "hate words"

B

44. Under the national unemployment insurance program, anyone who has lost a job may apply for assistance. a. True b. False

B

45. The power of the courts to examine and declare actions of the legislative or executive branches unconstitutional is called ____________. a. a veto c. 'a' and 'b' b. judicial review d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

B

46. In Epperson v. Arkansas the Supreme Court __________ ___________. a. established that the 'free exercise of religion' is an absolute right b. declared all laws against teaching the theory of evolution in public schools to be unconstitutional c. upheld the state's right to prohibit teaching the theory of evolution in public schools d. none of the above

B

46. Which of the following cases plunged the federal government into education policy in spite of the fact that the US Constitution says nothing about the federal government's power over education? a. Marbury v. Madison c. McCulloch v. Maryland b. Brown v. Board of Education d. Edgewood ISD v. Kirby

B

47. The Constitution has only changed through formal amendments. a. True b. False

B

49. The system of shared powers, divided between the central government and the states is called ________. a. electoral college b. federalism c. statism d. checks and balances

B

49. _________ means "rule by the people." a. Republic c. Socialism b. Democracy d. Tyranny

B

52. Social Democrats, Progressives, Socialists and Communists are ___________________. a. distinctly different political parties or political philosophies b. names for groups or parties that are, philosophically, the same c. necessarily opposed to Nazis or Fascists d. none of the above

B

52. The former Inspector General over TARP funds, Neil Barofsky, indicated that the cost of the bailout far exceeded (nearly double) what the textbook authors indicate in citing the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). a. True b. False

B

52. With the passage of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Congress told the Supreme Court to apply the 'strict scrutiny' standard to the 'free exercise' clause in the First Amendment, and the Supreme Court submitted to their instructions. a. True b. False

B

6. A student who returns after an excused absence and promptly inquires about a make-up exam will find that these exams are _________. a. allowed for excused absences, but must be made up within 3 days of the original test date b. allowed for excused absences, but must be made up within 7 days of the original test date c. allowed, but the test will use a 'short-answer' format d. not allowed under any circumstances

B

6. Special attention or compensatory treatment to a previously disadvantaged group is called ___________________. a. discrimination c. reverse discrimination b. affirmative action d. the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

B

7. The federal bureaucracy, being under the direct control of the voters, has improved its responsiveness to the citizens since the civil service system was launched in the late 1800s. a. True b. False

B

7. The writing assignments identified in the schedule may be turned in late with a 5 point deduction for each day late. a. True b. False

B

8. "Categorical grants" _____________. a. allow states to spend federal funds as they see fit b. force states to spend federal funds as the federal government sees fit c. allow states to spend federal funds within a range of options granted by the U.S. government d. are only given to community organizations

B

8. Congress can exert some control of the federal bureaucracy ________. a. by firing political appointees over the bureaucracy c. 'a' and 'b' b. through the "power of the purse" d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

B

8. The term "amicus curiae" means "friend of the court" and describes briefs that the parties to a lawsuit submit to the court. a. True b. False

B

8. __________ exam(s) will be dropped in calculating the final grade for the class. a. No (zero, 0) c. One (1), including the final b. One (1), not including the final d. Two (2), including the final

B

17. According to the Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, any power not delegated to the United States or prohibited to the states becomes a power reserved for the people or the States. a. True b. False

A

17. The ______________ prompted Great Britain to begin taxing the colonies. a. French and Indian War c. English Civil War b. Great Awakening d. Glorious Revolution

A

17. The power to expand or contract the number of courts or the scope of their jurisdiction is a _________. a. congressional check on the Supreme Court. b. presidential check on the Supreme Court. c. special prerogative of the Supreme Court. d. reserved power.

A

18. Scholars credit _______________ with writing the Declaration of Independence. a. Thomas Jefferson b. Benjamin Franklin c. John Adams d. Thomas Paine

A

25. This French phrase, ___________, means "leave it alone," and implies an economic viewpoint that opposes the government's interference in the economy. a. c'est la vie b. bon appetite c. faux pas d. laissez faire

D

18. The original composition of the U.S. Congress followed the Tenth Amendment through a House of Representatives consisting of members elected directly by the people and a Senate comprised of members elected by the state legislatures of the respective States. a. True b. False

A

19. According to the 10th Amendment, the US government is in a(n) __________ status relative to the states. a. dependent b. independent c. interdependent d. neither 'a' nor 'b,' but not 'c'

A

19. In some instances, state Supreme Court decisions may be appealed to the U. S. Supreme Court. a. True b. False

A

2. Hispanics are protected under the Voting Rights Act. a. True b. False

A

20. Jurisdiction is the power or right to exercise authority. a. True b. False

A

21. The argument that the Supreme Court used against Marbury to deny him the appointment that was due to him applies as well against the Supreme Court's own claim that it has the right to declare laws unconstitutional. a. True b. False

A

24. Which of the following is not a liberty protected by the Bill of Rights? a. the free exercise clause b. freedom from unreasonable search and seizures c. guarantee of the due process of law d. equal protection of the law

D

25. States used ____________ to deny citizens the right to vote. a. the White primary b. a poll tax c. literacy tests d. 'a,' 'b,' and 'c'

D

1. Scholars have determined that the U. S. Solicitor General has an advantage over opposing lawyers. a. True b. False

A

10. "Unfunded mandates" require states to ______________. a. meet federal regulatory guidelines without any additional funds from the national government b. meet federal regulatory guidelines after receiving additional funds from the national government c. negotiate regulatory guidelines with the federal government in return for federal funds d. none of the above

A

10. Federal courts can issue court orders to restrain bureaucratic actions. a. True b. False

A

10. Natural Law doctrine can be traced from the ancient Greek philosophers to John Locke's political theory. a. True b. False

A

11. Protected speech implies that some forms of speech are not allowed under the First Amendment. a. True b. False

A

11. The (Venn) diagram that has been used in class to illustrate federalism indicates that _____________. a. power is balanced between the national government and the state governments b. the national government holds power over the states c. the states hold power over the national government d. concurrent powers are the most important powers

A

16. The Tenth Amendment defines ______________. a. the relationship between the national government, the people, and the state governments. b. the states' delegated powers. c. concurrent state and federal powers. d. enumerated federal powers.

A

16. The court that is first to hear a case has ______________ jurisdiction. a. original c. 'a' and 'b' b. appellate d. neither 'a' nor 'b'

A

1. You may communicate to your instructor _______________. a. before class starts b. through email c. during office hours d. 'a,' 'b,' and 'c'

D

12. An obvious use of the "necessary and proper clause," that even a strict interpretation of the Constitution would accept, is the creation of ____________. a. a national health care law c. an agency to tell farmers how much they may grow b. the social security system d. a United States Mint

D

14. ______________ provided a political theory with a social contract, but in this contract the ruler is not subject to the law, and could give rights or take away rights as he or she sees fit. a. Aristotle b. Thomas Aquinas c. Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos ("VCT") d. Thomas Hobbes

D

19. According to the Declaration of Independence, inalienable rights come from _________. a. the Supreme Court c. Congress b. a monarch who keeps his or her subjects safe d. God

D

2. Congress has recently increased its use of __________ authority to the president (or federal bureaucracy), permitting, according to one interpretation, the growth of the __________ presidency. a. implied / servile c. delegated / servile b. implied / imperial d. delegated / imperial

D

2. While Lincoln claimed that the states that joined the Confederate States of America never left the United States, the rebel states had to be ___________, in order to permit ____________. a. punished / the payment of reparations to freed slaves b. punished / the passage of the "Civil War Amendments" c. readmitted / the payment of reparations to freed slaves d. readmitted / the passage of the "Civil War Amendments"

D

21. The idea of "happiness" in the Declaration of Independence means that the government must _____________. a. make the people happy b. provide the people with food, fun, and entertainment c. create and maintain a strong economy to allow people to become rich d. not interfere with anyone's attempt to lead a life of virtue

D

21. The president has ________ to determine whether to sign, not sign or veto a bill. a. 7 days (including Sunday) c. 10 days (including Sunday) b. 7 days (not counting Sunday) d. 10 days (not counting Sunday)

D

23. Controlling the money supply, including credit, is called _____________. a. budgetary policy b. socioeconomic policy c. fiscal policy d. monetary policy

D