Govt Module 2

Colonial protesters of the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act rallied around which slogan?

"No taxation without representation"

The weakness of the national government under the Articles of Confederation became a concern to southern planters and New England merchants when

"radical" forces began to exert control over a number of state governments.

In 2017, the North Carolina law requiring transgender individuals to use public bathrooms that correspond to their gender designated at birth was repealed due to

. Pressure from the business community.

New England merchants hoped to accomplish which of the following by supporting the radicals who staged the Boston Tea Party?

. Revocation of the Tea Act

What was the overall importance of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

.The Court allowed Congress to use the necessary and proper clause to broadly interpret its delegated powers.

What was Madison referring to when he wrote that "a double security arises to the rights of the people"?

.The fact that the Constitution protects the rights of the people through both federalism and the separation of powers

Unfunded mandates were primarily the result of tension between

A Democratic Congress that wanted to achieve liberal social objectives and Republican presidents who opposed increased social spending.

Daniel Shays was

A former army captain who led a rebellion against the Massachusetts government.

Which of the following is the best definition of the elastic clause?

A part of the Constitution that empowers Congress to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out its enumerated powers

In recent years, the rights of transgender individuals were restricted by

A policy barring transgender individuals from the armed forces

The Boston Massacre occurred when

A small number of colonists were killed by British soldiers outside the Town House in Boston.

In the 70 years following the Civil War, the Supreme Court interpreted the Constitution in a way that

Allowed entrepreneurs to benefit from policies promoting commerce but shielded them from regulations that protected consumers and workers.

The United States' first written constitution was called the

Articles of Confederation.

Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important because it

Asserted that violations of Title IX of the 1972 Education Act could be remedied with monetary damages.

Which group was not permitted to immigrate to the United States from the late nineteenth century until the 1940s?

Chinese

The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is also referred to as the ________ clause.

Comity

The ability to charter banks is an example of a ________ power.

Concurrent

A ________ is a system of government in which member states retain almost all of their sovereign authority and delegate limited powers to a weak central body.

Confederation

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) and Roe v. Wade (1973) have Been extremely important in the development of

Constitutional right to privacy.

Shays's Rebellion was significant because it

Convinced many that the Articles of Confederation created an ineffective government.

The Articles of Confederation were concerned primarily with

Creating a federal form of government

The Federalists believed that the powers of government could be limited by

Creating an internal system of checks and controls within government.

Legally enforced segregation in public schools is a form of ________ discrimination.

De jure

The Supreme Court reaffirmed the idea that there is no substantial public interest in permitting certain kinds of speech, including fighting words, in

Dennis v. United States.

When radicals won control of Pennsylvania's government and redistributed land from large landowners to small farmers, the national government under the Articles of Confederation

Did nothing because the government had no powers allowing them to intervene

The Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment provides a constitutional right to keep a loaded handgun at home for self-defense in

District of Columbia v. Heller.

________ prevent(s) people from being tried twice for the same crime.

Double jeopardy

The ruling on Hernandez v. Texas (1954) was important because it

Entitled Mexican Americans and other nationality groups to equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Land Ordinance of 1785 was significant because it

Established the principles of surveying and ownership that governed westward expansion

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) was important because it

Established the supremacy of the national government in all matters affecting interstate commerce.

Which of the following was NOT one of the reprisals enacted by the British in response to the Boston Tea Party?

Execution of the leaders of the Boston Tea Party

The decision in Romer v. Evans (1996) is important because it

Expanded civil rights protections to gay men and lesbians.

The 2001 No Child Left Behind Act

Expanded the federal government's authority over public education

A person files for a patent for a new invention they have come up with. The federal government grants them a patent using the power vested in it by Article I, Section 8 of the constitution. This is an example of what kind of power?

Expressed power

In Lawrence v. Texas (2003), the Supreme Court

Extended the right to privacy to sexual minorities

States like Delaware, Connecticut, and New York opposed the Virginia Plan because they

Feared that large states would dominate the new government if representation were to be determined by population

What is the term length of a federal judge?

For life

The ________ clause of the First Amendment protects an individual's right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses.

Free exercise

The 1996 Defense of Marriage Act was most closely related to which of the following constitutional clauses?

Full faith and credit clause

The fact that state governments are required to enforce restraining orders placed on stalkers and batterers in other states is a result of the

Full faith and credit clause of the Constitution.

The form of federal assistance called ________ provides money to state governments with no strings attached.

General revenue sharing

"Commerce among the several states" was first defined in

Gibbons v. Ogden

Block grants are designed to

Give the states more control in how they spend federal funds

Which event was most influential in triggering the rise of a more active national government?

Great Depression

A constitutional right to privacy was established in

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965).

The Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) was significant because it

Guaranteed same-sex couples the right to marry in all states and required states to recognize same-sex performed in other jurisdictions

What is it called when a state grants a city the ability to govern its own local affairs?

Home rule

Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

It ended some of the most blatant forms of discrimination across the country.

What is the significance of the Bill of Rights?

It ensured certain rights and liberties to the people.

Why was the Declaration of Independence a remarkable political statement for its time?

It helped unify previously divided colonial groups by identifying shared problems, grievances, and principles.

Which of the following best describes the welfare reform enacted by Congress in 1996?

It was an attempt to give the states more responsibility for programs that serve the poor by changing welfare from a combined federal-state program into a block grant.

Why was United States v. Lopez (1995) important?

It was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited Congress's commerce clause powers.

Which of the following forms of speech receives the greatest level of First Amendment protection?

Limiting the powers of the central goverment

Conflicts over whether public schools should be allowed to assign readings from the Bible and lead nondenominational prayers are examples of disagreements over the

Meaning of the establishment clause

In colonial society, ________ made up the colonial elite and they worked together to hold in check the more radical desires of the ________.

New England merchants, southern planters, and royalists; shopkeepers, artisans, and small farmers

Prior to passage of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, sexual harassment was

Not understood as a form of discrimination

Which statement about amendments to the Constitution is most accurate?

Only one amendment to the Constitution has been successfully repealed.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Outlawed job discrimination by all private and public employers that employed more than 15 workers.

What was Justice Potter Stewart talking about when he declared, "I know it when I see it"?

Pornography

Which of the following is the best definition of an expressed power?

Powers given to Congress as spelled out in Article I of the Constitution

The principle of ________ gives the federal government the power to override any state or local law in one particular area of policy.

Preemption

Federal judges are appointed by the ________ and must be approved by the ________.

President: Senate

In recent years, court decisions that dealt with discrimination against women have been used to

Press for equal rights for transgender people

If the government stopped the New York Times from releasing the transcripts of cell phone conversations between world leaders, it would be called

Prior restraint

The Supreme Court case New York Times v. United States (1971) was related to which First Amendment concept?

Prior restraint

When Alaska passed a law in the 1970s that gave state residents preference over nonresidents in obtaining work on oil pipelines, this law violated the ________ clause.

Privileges and immunities

According to historian Charles Beard, the framers of the Constitution were mostly concerned with

Promoting their own economic interests.

The decision to give the national government control over interstate commerce and finance was motivated by the framers' desire to

Protect property from radical state legislatures.

According to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 a state cannot

Require voters to take a test to prove they can read and write in order to vote.

Which powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment, are neither delegated to the national government nor denied to the states?

Reserved

A woman is trying to buy birth control at a pharmacy, but the pharmacist refuses to sell her birth control on religious grounds. Which right is the pharmacist infringing upon?

Right to Privacy

In Riley v. California (2014), the Supreme Court

Ruled that police are constitutionally prohibited from seizing and searching the digital contents of a cell phone during an arrest.

In response to which of the following events did George Washington say, "I am mortified beyond expression that in the moment of our acknowledged independence we should by our conduct verify the predictions of our transatlantic foe, and render ourselves ridiculous and contemptible in the eyes of all Europe."

Shays's Rebellion

Speech plus is

Speech protected by the First Amendment because it is accompanied by picketing or other demonstrations.

The Supreme Court has not given full protection to fighting words because

Such words are not part of the essential exposition of ideas.

Which of the following documents summarized its philosophy toward the national government by stating "each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence"?

The Articles of Confederation

Which of the following best describes the Supreme Court's first ruling on the nationalization of the Bill of Rights in the 1833?

The Bill of Rights limits the national government but not state governments

Which statement best describes the Supreme Court's decisions about federalism during the 1990s?

The Court limited the power of the national government over state governments.

Which of the following is true of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

The Court outlawed de jure segregation.

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Fourteenth Amendment?

The Fourteenth Amendment forced state governments to abide by almost every provision in the Bill of Rights, but the process took over 100 years.

Which of the following possesses the sole power to create revenue bills?

The House of Representatives

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution has been most important in allowing the growth of national power?

The commerce clause

The separation of powers best describes

The division of power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making

Which of the following statements best summarizes President Herbert Hoover's views on federal action during the Great Depression?

The federal government could do little to alleviate the misery caused by the depression, and state and local governments should be responsible for responding to the crisis

How did dual federalism help to establish a "commercial republic"?

The function of the federal government was to promote and assist commerce.

The "traditional system" of American federalism refers to a period when

The national government was quite small and carried out only a narrow and very specialized set of responsibilities.

The Federalists believed that the most apparent source of tyranny was

The popular majority

Which of the following is the best example of a concurrent power under the U.S. Constitution?

The power to regulate commercial activity

Of all the parts of the new government, the framers saw ________ as being capable of timely and decisive action to deal with national issues and problems.

The president

Which of the following is the best definition of due process of law?

The right of every individual against arbitrary action by national or state governments

The full faith and credit clause of the Constitution requires

The states to honor each other's public acts and legal decisions.

The constitutional idea of states' rights was strongest during which historical period?

The years immediately preceding the Civil War

What is one of the biggest problems with federal block grants?

There is a need for greater accountability in how the funds are actually spent by the states.

Which of the following statements about national defense under the Articles of Confederation is most accurate?

There was no national army and the armed forces were composed entirely of state militias.

Why did the delegates at the Philadelphia Convention turn down the idea of including a list of citizens' rights in the Constitution?

They believed that such a list would be unnecessary because the federal government was already limited to its expressed powers.

The five men appointed by Second Continental Congress in 1776 to write a statement about American independence from British rule were Robert Livingston, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and

Thomas Jefferson

In Maryland v. King (2012), the Supreme Court

Upheld a policy of DNA testing of arrestees without providing evidence of individualized suspicion

The Southern Manifesto

Was written by southern officials who declared that their states were not bound by Supreme Court decisions outlawing racial segregation.

The takings clause states that the government may not seize private property

Without just compensation.

A federal grant to states specifically to assist in the building of new public schools is an example of a ________ grant.

a. formula b. categorical c. block d. general revenue