gphy exam 1 quizzes from ch. 1& 2

______ is the extension used for a compressed image file.

.jpeg

What are the three types of geographic knowledge required while navigating through space?

1. landmark knowledge 2. route knowledge 3. survey knowledge

If the sum of an array is 240 and there are 20 observations, the mean is _____. a) 12 b) 42 c) 24 d) 20 e) 10

A. 12

_____ specifically refers to how things are related to each other in space. a) Geographic association b) Geographic change c) Geographic location d) Geographic distribution e) Geographic interaction

A. Geographic association

"Where is the Mark's Hospital?" is a question related to _____. a) geographic location b) geographic distribution c) geographic change d) geographic association e) geographic interaction

A. Geographic location

Which of the following is true about primary and secondary data? a) Secondary data provides better time and cost savings than primary data. b) Primary data is more effective than secondary data. c) Primary data refers to the data released by a country's government. d) Secondary data refers to data collected directly by a researcher. e) A GIS functions using primary data alone; secondary data is discarded by the system.

A. Secondary data provides better time and cost savings than primary data.

What is information? a) The knowledge and insights acquired through the analysis of data b) The graphical representation of data c) A modification of existing data d) An inventory of existing, unorganized data e) A collection of data files

A. The knowledge and insights acquired through the analysis of data

"What causes diffusion or contraction on the earth?" is a question about geographic change. A. True B. False

A. True

Concepts of location, direction, distance, space, and navigation are relevant to geography and geographic information system. A. True B. False

A. True

Adding all the values in an array and then dividing that sum by the number of observations gives the _____. a) mean b) median c) mode d) standard deviation e) variance

A. mean

A .txt extension denotes a(n) _____ file. a) simple text b) text-based spreadsheet c) formatted text d) extensible markup language e) spreadsheet

A. simple text

Data that can be freely distributed are called public data. A. True B. False

A. true

Each row of a flat file contains one and only one record. A. True B. False

A. true

Spatial data refers to data that describe geographic aspects of phenomena. A. True B. False

A. true

The difference between the upper and lower quartile gives the interquartile range. A. True B. False

A. true

"How much interaction occurs between the locations?" is a question concerned with geographic location. A. True B> False

B. False

Survey knowledge is the first stage of acquiring geographic knowledge. A. True B. False

B. False

The Online mapping service provided by Google is considered to be a fully fledged GIS platform. A. True B. False

B. False

What is a population? a) It is an individual observation of a variable. b) It is the universe of all possible values for a variable. c) It is an ordered, quantitative array. d) It is a narrow gap formed when the shared boundary of two polygons do not meet exactly. e) It is a sequence of observed measures.

B. It is the universe of all possible values for a variable.

A geologist working in Tanzania with geographic data released by the government of Tanzania is using primary data. A. True B. False

B. false

An array of ages of the students of a cooking class: { 24, 23, 25, 23, 50, 40, 23, 70, 24, 45, 50, 23, 75, 60, 43, 32, 23, 30, 27, 30, 45, 62}. The mode of the given data is _____. a) 38.5 b) 40 c) 23 d) 45 e) 24.5

C. 23

A geography student, in his research report on earthquakes, indicated Japan as his geographic area of interest. In the context of geographical concepts, Japan is the _____ in the research. a) direction b) mental map c) cognitive map d) space e) graticule

C. Cognitive map

Which of the following is true of .txt files? a) They are in the Adobe portable document format. b) They are written in extensible markup language. c) They cannot contain special formatting. d) They are used to create web pages. e) They are capable of supporting complex graphics with text.

C. They cannot contain special formatting.

In a flat file, columns are reserved for _____. a) records b) comments c) attributes d) delimiters e) additional notes

C. attributes

In a geographic information system, an array is also called a _____. a) variable b) population c) field d) sample e) value

C. field

When we find ourselves in a new or unfamiliar location, we usually identify a few unique points of interest to orient ourselves. We are in essence building up our _____ knowledge. a) route b) toponymical c) survey d) landmark e) topological

D. Landmark

Which of the following is most commonly used as a delimiter in a flat file? a) semi-colon b) hash c) period d) comma e) colon

D. comma

Which of the following refers to facts, measurements, and characteristics of something of interest? a) information b) observation c) variable d) data e) illustration

D. data

"What is the nearest landmark to your house?" is a question related to _____. a) geographic compression b) geographic change c) geographic distribution d) geographic association e) geographic interaction

D. geographic assiciation

In the context of geographical concepts, define direction. How is it determined?

Direction is the position of something relative to something else. It is determined by using a reference point for direction to be measured.

Sorted array of exam scores: { 57, 59, 60, 64, 66, 67, 70, 72, 73, 74, 74, 75, 75, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 99}. The median of the given data is _____. a) 78.5 b) 77 c) 77.5 d) 75.5 e) 76.5

E. 76.5

Which of the following is true about a flat file? a) It is denoted by an .xml extension. b) It consists of data depicted as images or complex graphics. c) It is used to create web pages. d) It contains unstructured data. e) It is organized in a tabular format or line by line.

E. It is organized in a tabular format or line by line.

_____ data must be purchased and are subject to certain terms of use. a) Meta b) Public c) Geospatial d) Attribute e) Proprietary

E. Proprietary

The _____ approach to a GIS is more concerned with using and applying geographic information systems to solve problems than the GIS itself. a) pioneer b) developer c) generic d) system e) application

E. application

Data and information that describe data are known as _____. a) attribute data b) primary data c) tertiary data d) secondary data e) metadata

E. metadata

In the context of descriptive statistics, the universe of all possible values for a variable is known as a(n) _____. a) value b) variable c) sorted array d) array e) population

E. population

_____ data describes the geographical aspects of phenomena. a) Phenomenal b) Generic c) Specific d) Attribute e) Spatial

E. spatial

What is the persistence, transformation, or disappearance of phenomena on the earth known as? a) Geographic change b) Geographic location c) Geographic association d) Geographic interaction e) Geographic distribution

a) Geographic change

In the context of navigation, what is route knowledge? a) It permits us to connect and travel between landmarks by moving through space. b) It permits us to identify the point where the earth's magnetic fields converge. c) It permits us to identify graticules. d) It permits us to use ourselves as a directional benchmark. e) It permits us to identify the point at which the axis of the earth's rotation intersects the earth's surface.

a) It permits us to connect and travel between landmarks by moving through space.

What is geocoding?

assigning latitude and longitude to phenomena on Earth's surface

_______ data describes the qualities and characteristics of a particular phenomenon.

attribute

What is the description of the linkages and relationships between places known as? a) Geographic location b) Geographic distribution c) Geographic interaction d) Geographic locality e) Geographic cluster

c) Geographic interaction

In the context of geographic information systems, what is grid north? a) It refers to a prominent point of interest located in the North Pole, like a mountain range or a river. b) It refers to the countries that are located in the North Pole or within a circumference of 1,000 km around the North Pole. c) It refers to the northward direction that the grid lines of latitude and longitude on a map point to. d) It refers to the position when individuals in the South Pole use themselves as directional standards. e) It refers to the countries in the North Pole that seldom see a change in their weather patterns.

c) It refers to the northward direction that the grid lines of latitude and longitude on a map point to.

Which of the following questions is related to geographic association? a) How much of it is here or there? b) Where are the boundaries? c) What is absent in its presence? d) Is it distributed globally? e) Is it spatially clustered or dispersed?

c) What is absent in its presence?

The _____ refers to the integration of the vast amounts of content available on the Internet with geographic information, such as location. a) dynamic web b) classic web c) geospatial web d) graticule web e) intranet

c) geospatial web

An absolute location differs from a nominal location in that the absolute location: a) refers to the persistence, transformation, or disappearance of phenomena on the earth. b) is a factor that is simply described and defined by a name. c) refers to how things are related to each other in space. d) uses some type of reference system to define positions on the earth's surface. e) is a central factor to a geographic positioning system.

d) uses some type of reference system to define positions on the earth's surface.

In the context of navigation, what is survey knowledge? a) It enables a GIS analyst to master a geoprocessing technique that combines adjacent polygon datasets into a single dataset. b) It enables us to identify the point where the earth's magnetic fields converge. c) It enables a GIS analyst to master a geoprocessing technique that removes the boundary between adjacent polygons with identical values. d) It enables us to identify the point where the earth's magnetic fields diverge. e) It enables us to understand where landmarks are in relation to each other and to take shortcuts.

e) It enables us to understand where landmarks are in relation to each other and to take shortcuts

Write a brief note on egocentric direction and landmark direction.

egocentric direction: using yourself as a benchmark referencing something else landmark direction: uses a geographic as a benchmark referencing something else main difference: you are a lot more likely to move often than the landmark so egocentric direction is constantly changing with you where as landmark direction stays the same unless landmark is moved.

In the context of geographical concepts, _______ is the conceptual expanse or void that is filled with geographic phenomena.

space