Grammar

Future in the past

would

Be going to I AM GOING TO DO, SHE IS GOING TO DO Decision before time of speaking Certainty (уверенность) An action in the future that has already been planned by the speaker Something that is certain to happen in the near future (sure) Gonna (informal conversation)

- I am going to call Dan after lunch. - I know he is going to invite me out. - I am going to do it. - Look at those black clouds. It going to rain any minute. - He has studied really hard. He is definitely going to pass his test. - The roads are all blocked. We are going to miss our flight. - I am cold. I am going to put the heater on. - Mr. Rossi isn't here. I am going to to put you through to his assistant. - I know you want to see the town. I am going to show you around. - Are you sure about this? - Yes, I know it's going to work. - What have you decided about your flat? - We're going to sell it. - Are you going to use the car this evening? - My friend wants to see the town. - I am going to show her around. - I am going to finish my homework. - I am going to tidy up (убирать) my room. - What are you plans for this summer. - I am going to redecorate my house. - He is planning to see legal advice. - He is going to see his lowyer some time next week. - She has decided to study at college. - She is going to study Psychology. - I am going to watch a film tonight = I'm gonna watch a film tonight. - They are going to buy a new car = They're gonna buy a new car. - They want to discuss the matter. - They are going to meet soon.

Passive Voice - simple

PRESENT: am/is/are +ed 3ф. (непр.), isn't/aren't +ed 3ф. (непр.) PAST: was/were + ed 3ф. (непр.), wasn't/weren't +ed 3ф. (непр.) FUTURE: will be +ed 3ф. (непр.)/won't +ed 3ф. (непр.)

PRESENT Continuous I'm DOING, SHE's DOING A temporary action in progress at present. PAST Continuous I WAS DOING, WE WERE DOING Action in the past either: a) when a shorted action took place b) at a very precise moment. FUTURE Continuous I WILL BE DOING, WE WILL BE DOING Action in progress at a specific time in the future (the equivalent of Present and Past Continuous). b) Occasionally, as an alternative to going to for a future plan or be doing for a future arrangement. PRESENT Continuous with FUTURE time marker I AM DOUNG... tomorrow, SHE IS DOING... next week A fixed arrangement for the future.

PRESENT: am/is/are +ing - I am playing tennis. - I am talking to you. - I am flying to Geneva tomorrow. - You're listening to me. - She is currently writing a new book. - She's watching a movie with us this evening. - The economy is growing again this year. - We're going to a concert next Saturday. - They are building a house next to mine. - They're arriving by train tomorrow. - It's raining. - Look, its snowing. PAST: was/were +ing, wasn't weren't +ing - I was playing - I saw the accident when I was driving. - I was speaking when he put the phone down. - He was sliping when the phone rang. - She was writing that novel when she became ill. - We were playing cards when she arrived. - They were flying to Tokio at this time yesterday. - It was snowing at 10 AM yesterday. FUTURE: will be +ing - I will be playing - I will be having dinner with Sue this evening. - I will be driwing to work this time tomorrow. - Will you be home at 9 o'clock tonight? - No, I will be having dinner with Dan at that time. - Are you going to pay for the meal? - Yes, I will be paying because he paid last time. - Will you be using the car this evening? - He will be packing his bags tomorrow morning because we will leaving Mexico tomorrow afternoon. - Which restaurant are you going to? - We will be going to the Mexican rest. - We will be attending a conference next week. - They will be flying to Tokyo at this time tomorrow. PRESENT in FUTURE: am/is/are +ing - Dan has invited me out for dinner, and I have accepted his invitation. = I am having dinner with Dan tonight. - I am doing it tomorrow. - I have an appointment with my friend. I am showing her around this afternoon. - I am visiting my parents. - I am playing tennis with colleague. - Have you booked an appointment with your dentist? Yes, I am seeing him tomorrow morning. - What are you doing this evening? I am having dinner with Jane. - He has made an appointment with his lowyer. He is seeing him next Tuesday. - She has now registered at college. She is studying Psychology next year. - They have scheduled a meeting. They are meeting at 1 o'clock tomorrow. - Is the light broken? Yes, the electrician is coming tomorrow to fix it.

PRESENT Simple I DO, HE DOES // AM/IS/ARE // HAVE, HAS Fact, habit, a regular action, the arrangement involves an external timetable. PAST Simple I DID, SHE DID // WAS, WERE Shorter action. A completed action at a specific time in the past, any time expression, that refers to specific time in the past, requires this tense: yesterday, last year, a week ago, when I was young. PS for both verbs - happened at the same time. FUTURE Simple I WILL DO, SHE WILL DO // SHALL A decision at the time of speaking (used mainly in dialogues and in contacted form). A possibility in the future (usualy in combination with an expression of possibility). SHALL Quite formal

PRESENT: am/is/are/have/has/do/does/don't/doesn't - I play tennis. - I live in England. - I usualy shop on Saturday. - I come from Japan. - He drives fast. - She is an author. She writes books. - She always writes books in the morning. - She always drinks milk in the evening. - She writes two books a year. - Our company produces glass. - My flight leaves at 11:00 AM. - The concert begins at 8:00 PM. - The movie starts at 7:30. - The train areives at 3:15 PM. - It rain a lot here. PAST: -ed 2ф. (непр.) was/were/wasn't/weren't/did/didn't - I played tennis. - I studied 3 section last night. - I did half of exercises before lunch. - I slept well last night. - He drove 500 kilometres yesterday. - He said hello when he arrived. - I gave it to her when I saw her. - I left as soon as we finished. - She wrote that novel many years ago. - She met him when she was in college. - She switched off the light before she went to bed. - We bought this car 2 months ago. FUTURE: will/won't, shall вопрос-просьба - Dan called earlier. He wants you to call him back. - Ok. I'll call him as soon as I can. - I will call him this afternoon. - It terribly cold in the room. - I'll put the heater on for you. - May I speak to Mr. Rossi please? - Hold on. I'll put you through. - I'd love to see the town. - Really? Ok. I'll show you around. - I'm sorry. I can't hear you. - Ok. I'll speak louder. - What have you planned for the weekend? - Nothing, I'll probably stay home. - I'll do it. - It'll probably rain tonight. - I hope he'll pass his test. - I'll see you later = I shall see you later. - If we don't hurry, we'll miss our flight. - We'll discuss this tomorrow = We shall discuss this tomorrow. - It'll probably rain tonight.

PRESENT Perfect I HAVE DONE, SHE HAS DONE Not going on any more. A completed action without a specified time in the past, some time in the past. PAST Perfect I HAD DONE, WE HAD DONE Action that was completed in the past either: a) before another action took place b) before a very precise moment FUTURE Perfect I WILL HAVE DONE, WE WILL HAVE DONE Action, that will be completed in the future either: a) before specific moment b) before another action takes place.

PRESENT: have/has +ed 3ф. (непр.), haven't/hasn't - I have known her since 2010. - I have played tennis. - I've studied 3 section until now. - I've already done half of the exercises. - I have already called him. - I've lived here for 5 years. - I've collected stamps since I waa 11. - I've belongedto this group since May. - He has driven 500 kilometres so far. - She has already written 40 books. - She has been a writer for 15 years. - She has written many books. - She has just come back. - Prices have gone up this month. - It has snowed twice this week. PAST: had +ed 3ф. (непр.), hadn't - I had played - I was sure I had seen him before. - I didn't know that he had left. - He had slept little before the phone rang. - He was late because he had missed the bus. - She had written that novel before she become ill. - She arrived after we had played cards. - They had left for Tokyo by this time yesterday. - It had started to snow by 10 AM yesterday. FUTURE: will have/has +ed 3ф (непр.) - I will have played. - The film will have finished by midnight. - The show will have ended by 7:00 PM. - She will have done her work by the time we arrive. - She will have gone to bed by the time we get back. - We will have left restaurant by midnight. - We will have painted the house by the time she returnes. - They will have left for Tokyo by this time tomorrow.

Passive Voice - perfect

PRESENT: have/has been +ed 3ф. (непр.), haven't/hasn't been +ed 3ф. (непр.)

PRESENT Perfect Continius I've BEEN DOING, SHE HAS BEEN DOING How long, action has already started and still going on, action (dynamic) verbs + PPC, action, that has just stopped + PPC, the action was in progress for some time, the action stopped a short time ago, you are able to observe and comment on the result of that action. PAST Perfect Continuouse I HAD BEEN DOING, WE HAD BEEN DOING Action that had started, continued for some time and was still progress in the past: a) before another action b) before a very precise moment FUTURE Perfect Continuous I WILL HAVE BEEN DOING, WE WILL HAVE BEEN DOING Action that will have started, continued and will still in progress in the future: a) before a specific moment b) before anothe action takes place

PRESENT: have/has been +ing, haven't/hasn't been +ing - Sorry my hands are dirty, I've been working in the garden. - Why are you eyes reed? Have you been crying? - I haven't been studying Maths, but Science. - I haven't been feeling too well today. - I have been playing tennis. - I've been talking to you for 5 minutes. - I've been talking to you since 11:30. - I've been playing the piano since I was 5. - I have been working here for 2 years. - I've been doing the exercises since 11:30. - You've been listening to me for a few minutes. - He has been going his homework since he woke up. - He has been driving for five hours. - He've been living here for 5 years - She has been writing books for over 20 years. - It has been raining all morning. - It has been raining since I woke up. PAST: had been +ing/hadn't been +ing - I had been playing. - I had been walking to work 15 minutes when I realised I had forgoten my key. - He had been sleeping for a long time when the phone rang. - She had been writing that novel for a few months when she became ill. - We had been playing cards for two hourse whe she arrived. - They had been flying to Tokyo for a few hours by this time yesterday. - It had been snowing for several hours by 10 AM yesterday. FUTURE: will have/has been +ing - I will have been playing. - The film will have been running for 2 hours by midnight. - She will have been doing her home work for several hours by the time we arrive. - We will have been driving for a few hourse by the we leave. - We wiil have been painting the hous all day by the time she returns. - They will have been flying to Tokyo for a few hours by this time tomorrow. - They will have been working here for 20 years by the end of the year.