Great Depression

By September 1941, which of the following were true?

The American navy was protecting the flow of goods to Europe. American industry was assisting Hilter's foes on two fronts.

What signals indicated that an invasion of Japan in 1945 might not be necessary?

The Japanese had almost no ships or planes left. American firebombing had weakened the will to resist. Moderate Japanese leaders were looking to end the fighting.

Which statement best explains the outcome of the battles at Guadalcanal?

The Japanese lost their final chance of launching an effective offensive to the south.

What happened at the Russian city of Stalingrad in 1942-1943?

The Russians held the city and inflicted such heavy losses on the German attackers that the Germans could not continue the eastern offensive.

What was the result of the decision of the American and British high commands to wait in central Germany for the Russians to arrive?

The Soviets were able to occupy eastern Germany and Czechoslovakia.

Which statements about D-Day are accurate?

The attack included perhaps the largest number of naval vessels and armaments ever assembled in one place. Four thousand vessels landed American, British, and Canadian forces and supplies on the beaches. Within a week, German forces had been dislodged from most of the Normandy coast. Allied paratroopers were dropped behind German lines prior to the beach landings.

Why did Congress abolish the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?

The decline in mass unemployment decreased the need for such programs. Conservatives in Congress were eager to dismantle the New Deal.

Which of the following is true about the portrayal of Black Americans in Hollywood films?

The history of enslavement was romanticized. Most Black men and women were portrayed as servants or farmhands.

European demand for American goods began to decline in the late 1920s as which of the following occurred?

The productivity of European industry and agriculture improved. Some European countries experienced financial problems.

By the beginning of 1944, which of the following were true of American factories?

Their output doubled that of all of the Axis countries combined. They were producing more than the government needed.

In the Atlantic Charter, the United States and Great Britain called for a new world order based on which of the following?

antimilitarism self-determination economic cooperation

Under the lend-lease system, the federal government was authorized to lend or lease armaments to ______.

any nation deemed vital to American defense

On more than one occasion, in the period between the election and the inauguration, Herbert Hoover ______.

asked Roosevelt to pledge to maintain his economic policies, and Roosevelt declined

Richard Wright

author of Native Son, a story of a young Black man broken by the system of racial oppression

Jack Conroy

author of The Disinherited, a harsh portrait of the lives of coal miners

John Steinbeck

author of The Grapes of Wrath, perhaps the best-known depiction of Depression-era American life

John Dos Passos

author of the U.S.A. trilogy, which attacked materialistic American culture

During World War II, Black soldiers were ______.

barred from the Marines and Army Air Force

During the 1920s, Benito Mussolini's Fascist Party ______.

became more nationalistic and militaristic

The efforts of moderate Japanese leaders to bring an end to the war ______.

became superfluous after the United States made use of a terrible new weapon on Japan

Why did correspondent Ernie Pyle believe that no one at home saw the war as he and the soldiers fighting it did?

because of censorship

A resumption in the movie-going habits of Americans in the 1930s was in part due to the fact that movies were ______.

becoming more appealing

Moderate Japanese leaders argued for an end to the fighting in the Pacific because they ______.

believed Japan had already lost the war

What helped ensure that most movies in the 1930s remained safely uncontroversial?

censors employed by the industry the studio system

In a widening of the ideological range of mainstream art, some of the artistic work that was sponsored by the Works Projects Administration ______.

challenged the capitalist norms of the 1920s

What prompted the Japanese to invade part of China in 1931?

concern over Japanese economic interests in the region concern over the increasing strength of Chinese nationalists

Which two industries were most important to the health of the American economy in the 1920s?

construction and automobiles

When did interned Japanese Americans receive reparations from the government?

decades after the war

Financial difficulties in Europe that contributed to the Great Depression were largely the result of ______.

destabilization caused by the international debt structure

In the Pacific in early 1944, U.S. submarines ______.

devastated Japanese shipping and the Japanese economy

In terms of issues of race and gender, Hollywood ______.

did little to challenge the conventions of popular culture

The Depression ______ America's traditional success ethic.

did not destroy

What best describes the conditions of the Dust Bowl?

drought and heat

American strategists planned two broad offensives against the Japanese, which they hoped would ______.

eventually come together to invade Japan

As a result of the world financial crisis, many new governments came to power that were committed to ______.

expansion

From 1929 to 1932, the American gross national product ______.

experienced a 25 percent decline

One impact of the military on Native Americans was that it ______.

exposed them to the material benefits of capitalist America for the first time

Founded in January 1942, the War Production Board ______.

favored large corporations over small businesses was intended to mobilize the wartime economy

The role of the Office of Price Administration was to ______.

fight inflation

While living in internment camps, Japanese Americans were ______.

forced to give up their jobs and businesses

In the congressional elections of 1942, the Republicans ______.

gained seats in both the House and the Senate

Why did racial animosity toward the Chinese decline during World War II?

greater contact between Chinese and non-Chinese laborers U.S. government propaganda

By the end of the war, the War Production Board ______.

had lost much of its authority to another federal office

Overwhelming evidence indicated that the two women at the heart of the Scottsboro case ______.

had not been raped at all

Roosevelt's campaign of 1940 was unprecedented in that ______.

he was running for a third term

Technological and scientific innovation greatly increased during World War II, largely due to the ______.

huge amounts of research money spent by the federal government

Taken to task by the international community for its actions in China, Japan ______.

ignored the criticism and expanded its invasion

As the Depression took hold, Black Americans ______.

in service jobs were displaced by unemployed white Americans

In February 1944, under Admiral Chester Nimitz, American naval forces won a series of victories ______.

in the Marshall Islands

Protest movements sparked by the Depression first appeared ______.

in the middle of 1932

The war ______ immigration from Mexico.

increased

Which problems virtually vanished with the coming of the war?

inflation unemployment

The Fair Employment Practices Commission was established to ______.

investigate racial discrimination in war industries

Before ordering the use of atomic weapons against Japan, President Harry Truman _______.

issued an ultimatum demanding surrender

The lend-lease system was established after ______.

it passed in Congress by wide margins

The results of the fighting at Stalingrad convinced Roosevelt to ______.

join the British in invading Sicily

Compared to the attack on Hiroshima, the attack on Nagasaki two days later ______.

killed more civilians

During the war, Mexican workers ______.

landed factory jobs for the first time

In the spring of 1940, the Germans ______.

launched a "blitzkrieg" to the west

In the period between the election and his inauguration, Roosevelt ______.

refused Hoover's demands

During World War II, the U.S. government sent Japanese Americans to live in internment camps that were called ______.

relocation centers

Chinese Premier Chiang Kai-shek was ______.

reluctant to confront the Japanese

In the midst of the war, Congress ______ the Chinese Exclusion Acts.

repealed

New Deal-sponsored artists did which of the following?

revealed the harshness of poverty both celebrated New Deal Programs and critiqued industrial capitalism demonstrated the human cost of social neglect

Over the course of the war, the size of the civilian workforce ______.

rose significantly

Between 1939 and 1945, the federal budget of the United States ______.

rose tenfold

The fighting at Guadalcanal lasted ______.

roughly six months

Which terms accurately identify aspects of Americans' image of the Japanese during World War II?

savage devious

The elevation of General Hideki Tojo to prime minister of Japan made it more likely that Japan would ______.

seek oil and other supplies by seizing British and Dutch possessions in the Pacific

Following the outbreak of hostilities in Europe in September 1939, Roosevelt ______.

sought a revision of the Neutrality Acts

The Socialist Party of America ______.

sought to find support among the rural poor

The Office of Price Administration was ______.

successful but unpopular

The battle for Okinawa used kamikaze attacks, which involved ______.

suicide missions

Which of the following occurred first? the American declaration of war against Germany and Italy the firebombing of Tokyo in retaliation for the attack on Pearl Harbor the declaration of war by Germany and Italy against the United States the American declaration of war against Japan

the American declaration of war against Japan

What contributed to the international economic crisis that eventually resulted in the global Depression?

the American government's refusal to forgive or reduce war debts

The Battle of the Bulge took place in ______.

the Ardennes Forest

Antiradicals in the 1930s targeted, in particular, ______.

the Communist Party of America

Rocket-propelled bombs were used by ______.

the Germans

At the Kasserine Pass in Tunisia, ______.

the Germans defeated an American force

The term Dust Bowl refers to agricultural conditions in ______.

the Great Plains

The research to create nuclear weapons that was undertaken by the army soon after the United States entered World War II was known as ______.

the Manhattan Project

Ten hours after the strike at Pearl Harbor, much of America's remaining air power in the Pacific was lost in an attack on ______.

the Philippines

The Japanese surrender to the United States ______.

was formally signed on the American battleship Missouri occurred on September 2, 1945 was announced a few days after a second atomic bomb had been dropped

After the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, the Japanese government ______.

was initially unable to agree on a response

The Smith-Connally Act of 1943 ______.

was passed as a result of actions taken by the United Mine Workers was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt authorized the president to seize a war factory where workers had gone on strike

The American Communist Party ______ the Popular Front.

was strongly tied to

The final surrender of German troops in May 1945 ______.

was unconditional and occurred after the country lost both fronts

Because of discrimination and harsh economic conditions, Mexican Americans ______.

were forced from some jobs, left the country, or sometimes tried to fight back (such as by forming unions)

Who were the Native American code talkers?

Native Americans who used their native language to confound enemy attempts at intelligence gathering.

In 1939, the first steps toward the creation of an atomic bomb were taken by ______.

Nazi Germany

The D-Day invasion took place on the beaches of ______.

Normandy

In August 1944, the Allies liberated the city of ______ from German occupation.

Paris

Which statements correctly describe the Abraham Lincoln Brigade?

It included several thousand Americans. It was directed by the American Communist Party.

By relatively crude estimates, Blank______ of the American workforce was unemployed by 1932.

25 percent

The Nazi campaign to exterminate the Jews of Europe resulted in the death of ______ Jews.

6 million

How many American banks, roughly, went bankrupt or closed to avoid bankruptcy between 1930 and 1933?

9,000

What happened to the defendants in the Scottsboro case?

All were eventually freed, though many were in prison for years.

Which statement describes Hoover's new American Latin America policy?

America would grant diplomatic recognition to any sitting government no matter how it had obtained power.

At the Battle of Coral Sea in May 1942, ______.

American forces succeeded in turning back a Japanese fleet

In a battle around Midway Island in June 1942, ______.

American forces were victorious, though they suffered heavy casualties

What led Americans to imagine that Japanese Americans might be engaged in conspiracies on behalf of their ancestral homeland?

As a group they generally kept to themselves and preserved their traditional cultural patterns.

Which statements describe effects of economic marginalization and discrimination on Asian Americans living in the West during the Great Depression?

Asian Americans regularly lost positions to white Americans. Educated Asian Americans struggled to find jobs in mainstream professions. Asian Americans could rarely find or acquire jobs above the entry level.

In the spring and summer of 1940, the Germans captured which of the following?

Belgium Netherlands France Denmark Norway

The defendants in the Scottsboro case were ______.

Black teenagers

Much of Germany's coded communication during the war was decrypted by the so-called ______ machine

Bombe

What happened to marriage and birth rates during the Depression?

Both declined.

Okies were families that tried to escape the Dust Bowl by moving to ______.

California

Which group was drafted in a higher proportion than any other group?

Chinese Americans

Which organization, begun in 1942, organized sit-ins and demonstrations in segregated facilities to publicize the plight of Black Americans?

Congress of Racial Equality

The young general placed in charge of the American invasion of German-occupied France was ______.

Dwight Eisenhower

The GIs' most faithful chronicler was the beloved war correspondent ______.

Ernie Pyle

During the 1930s, Japanese Americans were overrepresented in medicine, law, and other professional fields.

F

In the major industrial cities of the North and Midwest, unemployment, while severe, never exceeded 50 percent.

F

At the end of 1939, belligerents were still barred from buying arms in the United States.

F (A revision to the Neutrality Acts in 1939 allowed belligerents to purchase arms in addition to the nonmilitary goods previously allowed)

The vast majority of soldiers during World War II had volunteered their service.

F (Conscription provided the great majority of men in the U.S. military force.)

During the 1930s, leading magazines focused almost exclusively on the social conditions of the nation.

F (Leading magazines of the 1930s focused more on fashions, stunts, scenery, and the arts than on the social conditions of the nation.)

Radio in the 1930s was reserved for purely fictional programming; people had to wait for TV until a broadcast medium dealt with important public events.

F (Radio provided Americans with their first direct access to important public events.)

Despite fears of radicalism held by many in the American public, the American Communist Party was an open, patriotic organization.

F (The CPUSA was not the open, patriotic organization that it tried to project. It was always under the close and rigid supervision of the Soviet Union.)

The United States government knew that there was going to be an attack on American soil but did nothing to stop it.

F (The State Department was aware that a Japanese attack was imminent but did not suspect an attack on American soil.)

Which statements are true of casualties in World War II?

Fifty million or more civilians may have perished over the course of the war. Fourteen million combatants died in the struggle. More than a million Americans were killed or wounded.

The Battle of Leyte Gulf was fought by American troops led by ______.

General Douglas MacArthur

Formed in 1940, the Tripartite Pact was a defensive alliance among ______.

Germany, Italy, and Japan

How did the war affect life for Native Americans who stayed on the reservations?

Government subsidies dwindled. Talented young people left the reservations, creating workforce shortages.

Much of the intelligence gathered by the Allies about Germany originally came through ______.

Great Britain

Why was passage of the lend-lease program necessary?

Great Britain was bankrupt and could no longer afford the cash-and-carry requirements.

Following the fall of France, what actions did President Roosevelt take?

He asked Congress to increase the defense budget. He sent military aid to Great Britain.

What did Roosevelt do after Germany invaded Russia in June 1941?

He persuaded Congress to extend the lend-lease program to Russia.

What was Hoover's position with regard to European war debts?

He refused to cancel war debts to the United States

Which statement about Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan is true?

He saw it as a way to end the war and saw no reason not to use it.

How did Soviet leader Josef Stalin feel about the Allied war strategy in 1942-1943?

He was angry about the postponement of the planned cross-channel invasion of France.

Which statement about Ernie Pyle is correct?

He was killed by a Japanese sniper.

The systematic murder of European Jews and others by Hitler's forces is known as the ______.

Holocaust

Which statement about Roosevelt's decision to give fifty American destroyers to England is correct?

It circumvented the cash-and-carry provision of the Neutrality Acts.

What happened to the divorce rate during the Depression?

It declined.

How did the war affect the social and legal status of Chinese Americans?

It enhanced both their social status and their legal status.

Which statement is true regarding the Socialist Party of America in the 1930s?

It sought support by citing the economic crisis as evidence of the failure of capitalism.

To what extent was antiradicalism apparent in government policy in the 1930s?

It was apparent at the federal, state, and local levels.

Why was Okinawa strategically important?

It was near the Japanese mainland.

On September 2, 1945, on board the American battleship USS Missouri anchored in Tokyo Bay, ______.

Japanese officials signed the articles of surrender

The Supreme Court case that upheld the internment of more than 100,000 Japanese Americans to detention camps was ______.

Korematsu v. U.S.

The Spanish term braceros was used during the war in reference to ______.

Mexican workers admitted to the United States for a limited time

Which statements about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor are accurate?

More than 2,400 American soldiers and sailors died in the attack. American aircraft carriers were out at sea and escaped the attack. The Japanese suffered light losses in the attack.

Which of the following is true of popular protest in the first few years of the Depression?

Most Americans were too stunned or too confused to effectively protest.

Which of the following films offered social commentary on the United States during the Great Depression?

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington The Grapes of Wrath Our Daily Bread

The Allied invasion of Sicily toppled the government of ______.

Mussolini

Facing the British and Americans in northern Africa were the German forces of General ______.

Rommel

Which of the following fell to the Japanese in the first half of 1942?

Singapore Nepal the Dutch East Indies

Which statement best describes the position of Native Americans in the wartime economy?

Some Native Americans worked in war plants, though they generally had to leave their reservations to do so.

After the German blitzkreig, there were only a few shattered remnants of British and French armies left in all of Europe to oppose the Germans.

T (After having been rescued from the beaches of Dunkirk, only the shattered remnants of British and French armies remained to oppose the Axis forces.)

In 1931, rising nationalism and the elevation of many powerful, belligerent governments across the world was the beginning of a process that ultimately led to war.

T (By 1931, spurred by the financial crisis, Herbert Hoover confronted the beginning of a process that ultimately led to war.)

A main purpose of an Allied invasion of Sicily was to draw away German divisions that might otherwise be stationed in France.

T (Churchill wished to knock Italy out of the war and draw in German divisions that might otherwise be stationed in France.)

Civil Rights leaders called their wartime efforts the "double-V" campaign—victory at home over racism, abroad over fascism.

T (Civil rights leaders called their stateside movement, together with the participation of almost a million Black people in the military, the "double-V" campaign—victory at home over racism, abroad over fascism.)

The search for an atomic weapon was based in part on some of the founding ideas of modern physics that were developed by Albert Einstein.

T (Einstein's famous theory of relativity had revealed that matter could be converted into tremendous energy.)

World War II was by far the deadliest war in history.

T (Fourteen million combatants and fifty million or more civilians died during the course of the war.)

The 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf was the largest naval engagement in history.

T (The decisive Battle of Leyte Gulf was the largest naval engagement in history.)

Despite the predictions of many, the Soviets did not surrender after being invaded by Nazi forces in June 1941.

T (When the Soviets did not surrender as predicted, Roosevelt persuaded Congress to extend lend-lease privileges to them.)

Unemployed workers in industrial cities in the Northeast and Midwest could not find jobs for what reason?

There were essentially no jobs available.

How did some banks contribute to the economic crisis that became the Great Depression? Multiple select question. They began calling in loans that borrowers could not pay when the crisis began.

They began calling in loans that borrowers could not pay when the crisis began. They made unwise loans when the economy was booming. They invested recklessly in the stock market.

How did American officials react to growing public pressure for an Allied effort to end the killing of Jews and other persecuted peoples in eastern Europe?

They consistently rejected almost all requests for action.

Why did some people panic on Halloween night in 1938?

They heard what sounded like a radio news report about aliens landing near New York and believed it was real.

He was angry about the postponement of the planned cross-channel invasion of France.

They invaded the country and established a defensive line south of Rome.

How did the Germans respond to the Allied invasion of Italy?

They invaded the country and established a defensive line south of Rome.

Which statements are true regarding agricultural migrant workers from Dust Bowl states during the Great Depression?

They moved from farm to farm in search of work. They picked crops at starvation wages.

Which statement is true of the Americans fighting in the two theaters of the war?

They represented a cross-section of the country.

How did Allied government officials explain their actions regarding the Holocaust?

They said that spending energy and attention on other things would have hurt their goals of military victory.

Which statements are true regarding organized labor during World War II?

They secured automatic union memberships for new defense plant workers. They agreed to a "no-strike" pledge and a 15 percent limit on wage increases.

Which statements correctly describe the status of people of Mexican descent as the Depression worsened?

They were often forced to leave the country. They were routinely denied relief benefits.

Which statement best characterizes the declarations of war made by Congress in December 1941? They were quick and almost unanimous. They faced much more opposition in the Senate than they did in the House. They were made only after long and bitter debates in both houses.

They were quick and almost unanimous.

Who was the Republican candidate for president in 1944?

Thomas E. Dewey

Wendell Willkie, Franklin Roosevelt's principal opponent in the presidential election of 1940, had support from ______.

Time and Life magazines

Because divorce was expensive, the informal breakup of families by desertion or other means was more likely during the Depression.

True

What happened on August 3, 1945, when the Japanese failed to meet Truman's deadline for surrender?

Truman ordered the use of the atomic bomb on Japan.

How were Hispanic Americans treated by white Americans during the Depression?

Unemployed white people demanded their jobs.

During World War II, the regional impact of government spending was the greatest in the ______.

West

By the end of the Great Depression, Black women had ______.

a higher rate of employment than white women

One of the most popular creations of the 1930s, Gone With the Wind, can best be described as which of the following?

a romantic epic a saga set in an earlier era

The Atlantic Charter was ______.

a statement of shared principles

By the end of the war, German technology was ______.

advanced but could not produce in the numbers Allied industry could

Which types of programs were among the staples of radio broadcasting during the 1930s?

adventures soap operas comedies

The atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima ______.

affected future generations who suffered from birth defects

Which industry was most affected by bad debt in the 1920s?

agriculture

By the end of the war, the Pacific Coast had become the center of the ______ industry.

aircraft

Most Americans involved in the Spanish Civil War were ______.

allied with the republican government fighting against the fascists

On their arrival in Europe, American strategists suggested ______.

an invasion of France

What emerged out of the end of World War II?

antagonism between the United States and Russia the increased power and influence of the United States

Which of the following describe Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist Party?

anti-Semitic militaristic

The Popular Front was a broad coalition of ______ groups.

antifascist

In 1939, after the Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact with Nazi Germany, the American Communist Party ______.

lost thousands of disillusioned members

At the end of the Depression, ______ women were working than had been doing so at the beginning.

more

What proportion of families in America were living at or below the minimum subsistence level in 1929?

more than half

Economic conditions in World War II led to the hiring of ______.

more women more minorities

The main American strategy to fight Japan was to ______.

mount two offensive campaigns and attack the Japanese from two directions

The commercial films of the 1930s were most often ______.

musicals or comedies

Radios were owned by ______ American families in the 1930s.

nearly all

Germany's declaration of war against the United States in 1941 ______.

occurred before the United States declared war on Germany

During World War II, Allied bombers targeted ______.

only those locations that would help them win the war

As the Depression began, what proportion of Black Americans still lived in the South?

over half

During the World War II era, Mexican American teenagers in the Los Angeles area who sometimes joined street gangs were called ______.

pachucos

Roosevelt responded to the problem of German submarine attacks by ordering the navy to ______.

patrol the western Atlantic as far east as Iceland

Nuclear weapons were made feasible by the discovery of the radioactivity of ______ in the 1930s.

plutonium

Director Frank Capra was particularly noted for his ______.

populist films with muted social messages

After A. Philip Randolph planned a massive march on Washington to demand integration in companies that held defense contracts, President Roosevelt _______.

promised to establish the Fair Employment Practices Commission

What did the U.S. army do to assist Chinese forces during 1944?

provided critical supplies across the Himalayas

In the 1930s, Dale Carnegie's How to Win Friends and Influence People ______.

reassured people that their individual initiative could restore their prosperity

Which federal agency was particularly known for sponsoring art that challenged the capitalist norms of the 1920s?

the Works Projects Administration

In the 1944 Korematsu decision, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that ______.

the evacuation and internment of Japanese Americans was legal

Some of the most significant literature of the Depression were portraits of ______.

the harshness and emptiness of American life

The employment rates of Black women in the South greatly decreased during the Great Depression because ______.

the number of domestic service jobs significantly shrank

How did the Americans and British seize the advantage of the air war beginning in 1942?

the production of a new bomber that flew higher and had better navigation

What action taken by the Federal Reserve system in 1931, which was intended to build international confidence in the dollar, actually caused a contraction in the money supply?

the raising of interest rates

In the early 1940s, the focus on reform that characterized the policies of the New Deal shifted to a focus on ______.

the war in Europe

The fact that only a small proportion of the profits from increased agricultural and industrial production went to potential consumers was a factor in the length and severity of the Great Depression because ______.

there was no adequate market for the goods the economy was producing

The sinking of the American destroyer Reuben James led ______.

to an American naval war against Germany Congress to allow American ships to sail into belligerent ports to congressional approval of the arming of American merchant ships

In his relations with Latin America, Hoover ______.

tried to repair some of the damage done by previous American policies

The rate of employment among women in traditionally female professional occupations decreased during the Depression because ______.

unemployed men began taking jobs in these professions

What group formed the Bonus Expeditionary Force?

veterans

By the end of the conflict, domestic production was meeting ______ of the nation's critical war needs.

virtually all

By 1940, the majority of Americans believed that Germany ______.

was a menace to the United States

When the Allies moved on from Sicily to the Italian mainland, Mussolini ______.

was captured by insurgent fighters and executed fled north toward Germany

Throughout the 1930s, the American Communist Party ______.

was closely supervised by the Soviet Union

In 1940 and 1941, German submarines ______.

were having a major impact on shipping throughout the Atlantic

Strikes during the war ______.

were mostly wildcat strikes that weren't authorized by union leadership prompted new government restrictions and increased public animosity toward labor

Members of the America First Committee ______.

were staunch isolationists

The zoot-suit riots of 1943 began when ______.

white sailors attacked Mexican American teenagers

During the period leading up to the collapse of the stock market, ______.

widespread speculative fever grew steadily more intense

In the 1944 presidential election, Franklin Roosevelt stressed the importance of ______.

winning the war

In Hollywood, women were overwhelmingly portrayed as which of the following?

wives attractive flirts mothers