Green Belt
One of the key ideas in Goldratt's theory of constraints is to maximize system performance by...
strengthening the weakest link the chain
When plotting a Scatter Diagram, the values of each variable are sorted independently from smallest to largest and then plotted as pairs.
false
A data presentation tool that is a table showing the number of occurrences in each class or category in a data set is a...
frequency distribution.
the amount of improvement a team expects to achieve as a result of the project it defined in the...
goal or AIM statement
Which one of the following best completes the following statement? "Entitlement cost is..."
the cost associated with doing the right thing right the first time
The direct cause (the cause that directly resulted in the failure event) is also
the event trigger in the chain
Which type of conflict can occur between with similar levels of power and responsibility within an organization
peer-to-peer conflict
The people needed to create a process map are:
people involved in the process
What is the main purpose of using a Cause and Effect Diagram?
perform root cause analysis
In Visual Management, an example of visual display is...
printed and posted metric charts.
a project team is working on a cycle problem. the team and stakeholders have been established and now the customer must be identified. the customer of the project is not likely to be which of the following
process owner
The road map a team uses to manage and control resources, time and money to meet improvements
project charter
Which of the following is one of the best methods to tie product and service design decisions directly to the voice of the customer
quality function deployment
In order to create a foundation of sincerity and engage each person in the conversation which of the following is important for both the speaker in the receiver when communicating?
rapport
the kaizen event team should include several people who preform the work that is the target of the event as well as...
representatives of the groups who execute process steps before and after the work activity in question
The drum in theory of constraints...
sets the pace
An improvement project resulted in increased job satisfaction. This is an example of...
soft savings.
Judging if a product meets customer requirements is the main purpose of.
specification limits.
Who is likely to be affected by the outcome for the improvement project and could be responsible for...
stakeholder
for a successful VOC activity, the first step is planning
true
When creating a process map, the purpose of a walkthrough is to...
understand what is actually being done and why it is being done
A sampling method that uses a rule or pattern to select elements from the population to form the sample is known as...
Systematic Sampling.
When developing a process map...
"walk the process" in order to develop an accurate representation
The five basic steps for creating a process map are...
1) Plan the process mapping excercise, 2) Confirm the process scope, 3) Gather data and information 4) Create a draft map 5) Validate and finalize
From a leverage perspective, as the team works through the original project, it should try to identify three types of other projects that might benefit from its work. These include...
1) replication projects; 2) related projects; and 3) spin-off projects.
Which of the following hypothesis tests is appropriate for use with continuous data
1-Sample t-test
Which test represents the best choice if you want to compare a call center's average handle time to a target of 8 minutes?
1-Sample t-test
For the sample data shown here, which one of the following correctly lists the value for the sample standard deviation? <br>Data: 18, 19, 22, 20, 64, 24, 18, 23
15.52
Before developing the Future State Value Stream Map, what must the team calculate to determine whether the current process meets customer demand requirements?
Takt Time
Which one of the following activities are where the team's mission, ground rules, responsibilities, and behavior and feedback determined?
Team Launch.
Bandwagon effect
Tendency to believe something because many others believe it
Framing effect
Tendency to draw different conclusions from the same data if it is presented different
Clustering illusion
Tendency to overvalue small runs streaks or clusters in large data sets
Insensitivity to sample size
Tendency to underestimate the variation in small data samples
Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Over Delegator?"
Tends to reassign tasks to others
Confirmation bias
Tennessee to overvalue data supporting initial assumptions or expectations and undervalued that which contradicts
Measuring the effectiveness of the test solution and determining id it can be improved occurs in which PDCA phase
Check
Which phase of PDCA is used to discover how things went and where you might improve for the next meeting?
Check
Which of the following is the process of working together for a common purpose or benefit?
Cooperation
Which meetings have the highest potential for conflict?
Decision-making and problem-solving
Which of these is NOT a potential cost of conflict?
Decreased employee turnover
To calculate the Cost of Poor Quality for a rework loop, which one of the following best describes the information required?
Defect rate and volume of work
Who is responsible for the sponsorship and commitment of an organization to the Lean Methodology?
Executive Champion
In which of the four change transition stages do organizing begin to see results from their change efforts and experience increased curiosity and boosted morale?
Exploration
Product recalls and handling of customer complaints are examples of which category of Cost of Quality?
External failure costs
gateway standard
If statement is not clear one cannot determine whether it is accurate or relevant
implications and consequences
Implications are the things that might happen if you decided to do something. implications follow from thoughts and consequences follow from actions
In what type of process is the customer actually apart of process?
In a service process
A large population has a bell-shaped distribution with a mean of 200 and a standard deviation of 40. Which one of the following measurements has a Z score of 2.5?
300
Which of the following is a blanket statement?
A and C
How is a transactional Value Stream different from a manufacturing Value Stream?
A different set of icons and level of detail are used for mapping a value stream from a manufacturing process.
Six Sigma has been described as a commitment to your customers, a statistical measurement of processes, and which of the following?
A management framework for thinking about process economics, quality, and customers
A hypothesis test of means that compares the variance between groups to the variance within groups is
ANOVA
The Power value represents the
Ability of the test to detect a difference if there is one
Which phase of PDCA is used to carry out assignments, look for ways to improve and design the next meeting?
Act
Which of the following allows you to improve the process by removing barriers and enabling flow?
Adjusting all process steps to produce to Takt Time or quicker
Which factor should be considered when selecting improvement projects?
Alignment with business strategy and goals
Which of the following are the building blocks of effective communication
All of the above
Which of the following is a characteristic of successful kaizen event?
All team members commit to focus on the Kaizen Event full time for the entire event.
Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Pessimist?"
All-encompassing negativity, displays full-on hopelessness
Using Lean thinking and principles reduces waste, identifies value streams, and provides which of the following benefits?
Allows the customer to pull product as needed, rather than pushing product to the customer.
Which one of the following best describes the four main categories of costs included in cost of quality?
Appraisal, internal failure, prevention, external failure
Which of the following is a way of expressing needs, wants, and feelings of others?
Assertive communication
Mirror imaging
Assumption that others see events in reacted them just as we do
Which type of data is plotted on a u Chart?
Attribute Data
In the calculation for Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) under which category is the time for unplanned breakdowns captured?
Availability
Illusory correlation
Belief that 2 events are related when they might not be
if a customer requires a defect-free product, this is called a...
CTQ
Which test represents the best choice if you wanted to determine if there a difference in the ratio of call types between any of the Call Centers A, B, C, D?
Chi-Square test
Which of the following questions allow very little freedom in how they may be answered? They often are "yes or no" questions.
Closed questions
Which term is used when opposing factions handle conflict by forming an alliance to influence others to accept their position?
Coalition
What type of variation is the usual, historical, quantifiable variation that is found within a process or system - the noise within the system?
Common Cause variation
Which plan is created to ensure that the champion, mentor, process owner, and key stakeholders are aware of the team's purpose, objectives, members, meetings and deliverables?
Communication Plan
What describes the use of a Product Family Matrix?
Compares steps across products and identify families.
Which term is used when conflict is handled by dividing the differences to reach an agreement that is satisfactory to both parties?
Compromise
Which of the following is a decision process where each member excepts the group's decision on the basics of log and feasibility?
Consensus
Process adjustment to bring the variable back in control without identifying or correcting the cause is what type of action?
Corrective Action
To meet customer requirements, the specification limits are changed so the spec width became smaller. Which one of the following is true?
Cp and Cpk both get smaller
To calculate the required inventory for Flow and Pull Systems, organizations use the equation...
Cycle Stock plus Buffer Stock plus Safety Stock.
Which term can be used to measure the capability of a process?
Defects per million opportunities (DMPO)
Which term describes the Six Sigma Methodology used for process improvement?
Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC)
Which of the following symbols denotes a decision point on a process map?
Diamond
Which one of the following describes two classifications of quantitative data?
Discrete and Continuous
Which phase of PDCA is used to walk through the agenda and summarize action items and decisions?
Do
In the Preparation Phase, what is the Kaizen Event team's first task?
Document and agree upon the business opportunity or gap
Which of the following will enable flow?
Eliminating sources of waste
breadth
Encompasses multiple viewpoints, comprehensive
With Normal data, the test used to compare the difference in variability in two processes is the... 2-Sample t-test.
F-test
In the office environment, a well-designed work area for co-located teams requires high cubicle walls to cut down on noise and allow for better concentration
False
Which of the following questions are targeting and specific?
Focused questions
Which of the four rules of active listening is used by avoiding multi-tasking which can lead to misunderstanding and misinterpreting the message?
Give your undivided attention to the speaker
When implementing Lean which of the following creates value for the customer?
Giving the customer what they need, when needed, and of the quantity needed
Financial goals for the company and for the project; defect data and quality goals for the project; and the voice of the customer. These are examples of which of the following?
Inputs needed in order to prepare the SIPOC diagram
Storing unneeded items in a warehouse is an example of which one of the Eight Wastes?
Inventory
Which of the following is the definition of communication
It is "the process in which information, ideas and understanding are shared between two or more people"
Which one of the following statements is true about an X and MR Chart?
It is used in situations when only a single measurement is taken.
Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Know-it-all?"
Knowledgeable and competent, and often very valuable member of the team
Which of the following is an example of Wasted Human Potential?
Lack of proper tools, equipment, or supplies to properly perform the task
Which of the following questions are generally used only to prove a point, and may not be very helpful in most conflict situations?
Leading questions
A process map that provides an end-to-end view in only three to five steps is a...
Level one process map
Which of the following best describes the type of maintenance that focuses on minimizing required maintenance based on equipment design and/or installation?
Maintenance Prevention
If the number 8 is added to each data point in a sample, which of the following descriptive measures would change? Range
Mean
Which of the following types of communication relies on the listeners interpretation of body language regardless of whether the communication is a...
Non-verbal
Lean transactional processes can be broken down into two primary functions. What are those two functions?
Office, Service
A Kaizen event is typically executed within what time period?
One week
What type of communication focuses on getting the message to the receiver? It is very message centered
One-way communication
When using a u chart, "u" refers to which of the following terms?
Per Unit
What difficulty is often experienced while implementing Lean within a typical office environment?
Personnel do not welcome change. They are happy the way things are.
In this activity of a Kaizen event the project in defined, readiness is checked, and communication occurs
Preparation
The three activities within the structured approach of kaizen activity are...
Preparation, Execution (event week), and follow-up
Which of the following is a Total Productive Maintenance goal?
Prevent product defects and rejects based on equipment issues
Which type of meeting is common in an organization that includes improvement teams and planning sessions?
Problem-solving
A tool which shows the inter-relationships of the steps in a process is called a...
Process map
Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Credit Grabber?"
Prone to overstating their contribution to group decisions, and may take advantage or others help without acknowledging them
When referring to a p Chart, "p" refers to which one of the following terms?
Proportion or Percentage
Lean manufacturing is most concerned with which one of the following?
Reducing waste
Which degree of active listening occurs when the listener presents the message in his or her own words and sentence structure?
Reflecting
The term that best decribes the average number of cell phones owned by 100 households in the United States is...
Sample Statistic
When you process what is received through listening and clarifying questions and not jumping to conclusions, which of the four active listening rules
Seek to understand before you seek to be understood
A person waiting until the last possible moment before fully applying themselves to completing a task is an example of...
Student Syndrome
Which Lean tool is useful in mapping the flow of the information or product through the office process?
Spaghetti
The process is...
The activity that transforms inputs and outputs
Abductive Reasoning
The process of generating a novel hypothesis to explain given evidence that does not readily suggest a familiar explanation Starts from a set of accepted facts in creatively proposes their best explanation
Who should be involved in the preparation of the SIPOC diagram?
The project sponsor, the process owner, the team leader, and subject matter experts should all be involved. Operations personnel should be included as well, since they are the true process experts
Takt time refers to:
The rate at which your process needs to produce the product or service to meet customer demand
There are multiple types of hypothesis tests. What drives the selection of the proper test?
The type of data you are working with
when selecting team members for an improvement project it is important to consider...
Their commitment to serving customers and their problem-solving abilities
What is the primary goal of the self improving characteristics of Visual Management?
To identify visually any problems and abnormalities
In today's Lean terminology, what are processes associated with non-manufacturing areas of business or administration are referred to as?
Transactional Processes
What type of communication involves a free flow of information back and forth until we all have an understanding? It takes into account the possibility of barriers
Transactional communication
In a completed SIPOC Diagram, the requirement metrics have to be measurable
True
On a Cause and Effect Diagram, the effect or problem must be clearly stated before causes are listed.
True
Standard Work defines who, what, when and where work is to be performed.
True
The cellular environment and one-piece completion process of Continuous Flow enables organizations to identify and eliminate non value-adding activities that were previously hidden.
True
What is "leveraging the project"?
Turning the knowledge gained during the project into knowledge that can be used across the enterprise.
A team is looking at its process from the perspective of the material flow (from the supplier to customer) and information flow (from customer to supplier). What Lean technique are they using?
Value Stream Mapping
Which type of data is plotted on an X-bar and R Chart?
Variables Data
Where does the Project Charter's Measurable Goal come from?
Voice of the Customer (VOC)
A tool that helps turn a large, seemingly overwhelming amount of work into tasks that are doable
WBS
Cycle time loss due to equipment wear is identified and captured in which Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) category?
WRONG ANSWER- Availability
Which one of the following Control Charts would be used to monitor Variables Data?
WRONG ANSWER- p Chart
In order to build stability in processes and create a foundation for improvement, Standard Work defines work activities for...
WRONG ANSWER- sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain.
Under what circumstances might a competing conflict style be appropriate?
When a decision must be made quickly and there is no time to build consensus
a team wants to obtain input on a change to a new product method. the people most affected by this change are form several organizations, but...
a focus group
In a Push System, works moves through the system based on...
a forecast or open capacity.
A sample in statistics is...
a portion of the population under study.
A subset of the population is called:
a sample
A simple tool that shows how alternative solutions compare with the existing process in meeting defined criteria is called...
a solution design matrix.
The primary attributes of a good measurement system are...
accuracy and precision
personal bias, interruptions, hidden agendas, laziness, boredom and distractions are all example of
barriers
all of the following should be included in a process map except...
cause and effect relationships
Prior to calculating DPMO the improvement team must...
clearly define and agree on the definition of a defect.
Which of four conflict modes is both highly assertive and highly cooperative?
collaborating
Which of the following is NOT one of the five attributes of resilient people?
commitment
The rope in a theory of constraints system...
controls material release duration in order to keep the buffer at a certain level
Before beginning the ACT step, we verify that the plan developed in the first three PDCA steps...
creates standard work procedures and is financial feasible
A TOC tool which is used to examine the cause and effect logic behind the current situation and which helps determine why that situation is different from its preferred state is the.
current reality tree
process expectations and requirements are established by...
customers
Information collected and evaluated that we use to make conclusions is called...
data
In a process map the rectangle is used to...
denote a process task
When creating the Future State Value Stream Map, the last step is to...
develop operational Pull Systems between any steps where product cannot flow continuously.
Process capability can be assessed using...
either continuous data or discrete data
In a process map the oval is used to...
indicate a starting or stopping point
Sub-optimization is likely to occur when departments or functions are centered around....
individual organizational goals
What are the two categories of change drivers?
internal and external drivers
A kaizen event...
is designed to produce rapid results
In a theory of constraints context, policies, rules, measurements, and training are examples
non-physical constraints
inductive reasoning
observation based. drawing generalizations on the basis of observations or other evidence takes place when one learns from experience
Sub-optimization...
occurs when each individual function runs at peak performance without considering other functions or needs.
Which type of question allows people to respond on their own terms in describing their thoughts and feelings
open-ended
In a theory of constraints system, throughput of the process is determined by...
the system constraint, or weak link
Deductive reasoning
theory based. Reasoning in which a conclusion is a logical consequence of the previous. A deduction move some general rules and some evidence to particular conclusions
The purpose of visual standards is to...
visual standards is to. make normal performance conditions clear at-a-glance so problems can be easily spotted.
Which of the following are not one of the three V's of communication?
volume
a ctq tree translates customer requirements into quantified requirements. which of the following is an example of a quantified requirement for an auto repair shop?
wait time for pick-up and must not exceed 30 minutes
Which of the four rules of active listening is used when you avoid stereotyping and pre-conceived opinions and positions?
withhold judgement
Which of the following is NOT an external driver of change?
workforce diversity