Gross Anatomy I Test 1 (Previous tests)
There are lateral excursions of pia mater covering the spinal cord which attach to the dural sac. These 20 to 22 bilateral processes are termed what? A. Denticulate ligaments B. Arachnoid trabeculae C. Odontoid processes D. Pial projections E. Ligaments of Blavier
A. Denticulate ligaments
Nerve innervation to the trapezius muscle is: A. Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) B. Branch of the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) C. Dorsal scapular nerve D. Deep transverse cervical E. Superficial transverse cervical
A. Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)
The predominant collagen type found in the annulus fibrosus is Type I whereas the nucleus pulposus is mostly Type II. A. True B. False
A. True
The rectus capitis posterior minor originates off the posterior arch of C-l whereas the origin of the rectus capitis posterior major is from the spinous process C-2. A. True B. False
A. True
The rhomboid minor muscle attaches to the vertebral eminence and SP of T1. A. True B. False
A. True
The spinalis capitis is just the most medial portion of the semispinalis capitis. A. True B. False
A. True
The spinalis thoracis and spinalis cervicis muscles basically are muscles of the erector spinae group which attach to spinous processes. A. True B. False
A. True
The splenius cervicis muscle usually attaches (inserts) close to where the four heads of the levator scapulae attach. A. True B. False
A. True
The subdural space usually is potential space only. A. True B. False
A. True
The two lab practicals in Gross Human Anatomy I account for combined total of 40% of your overall grade. A. True B. False
A. True
The uncovertebral articulation occurs in the cervical region, not the thoracic. A. True B. False
A. True
The veins of the spinal cord are clinically very important. A. True B. False
A. True
The vertebral venous plexus which is valveless, communicates with the cranial venous sinuses as well as veins of the abdomen, pelvis and thorax. A. True B. False
A. True
There are 3 primary ossification sites per vertebra and usually 5 secondary ossification sites. A. True B. False
A. True
This structure passes through the transverse foramen of the atlas as well as the foramen magnum. A. Vertebral artery B. Suboccipital nerve C. Anterior spinal artery D. Two of the above are correct E. Three of the above are correct
A. Vertebral artery
The epidural fat can be identified in between the: A. Vertebral bone and dura mater B. Dura mater and arachnoid mater C. Within the subarachnoid space D. None of the above E. All of the above
A. Vertebral bone and dura mater
The epidural fat can be identified in between the: A. Vertebral bone and dura mater B. Dura mater and arachnoid mater C. With in the subarachnoid space D. None of the above E. All of the above
A. Vertebral bone and dura mater
As you descend the vertebral column from cervical through lumbar region the shape of the vertebral foramen will change but the shape of the vertebrae bodies will not. A. True B. False
B. False
Semispinalis capitis originates from some cervical and some upper thoracic spinous processes. A. True B. False
B. False
The accessory process of a lumbar vertebra is located at the posterior aspect of the superior articular process. A. True B. False
B. False
The action of the oblique capitis inferior includes rotation of the head to the contralateral side. A. True B. False
B. False
The anterior longitudinal ligament actually "wraps" the vertebrae as far posterior as the intervertebral foramen (IVF). A. True B. False
B. False
The fibers of the serratus posterior superior run in a superolateral direction A. True B. False
B. False
The innervation of the serrates posterior superior is the dorsal primary rami of the segmental spinal nerve. A. True B. False
B. False
The largest structure within the vertebral foramen is the vertebral artery. A. True B. False
B. False
The latissimus dorsi inserts into the greater tubercular crest of the humerus. A. True B. False
B. False
The ligamentum flavum is considered to be the floor of the suboccipital triangle. A. True B. False
B. False
The longissimus cervicis is a member of the superficial layer of the deep group of back musculature. A. True B. False
B. False
The most common superior attachment of the latissimus dorsi muscle is the spinous process of T-12. A. True B. False
B. False
The most superior attachment of the levator scapulae muscle is the mastoid process of the temporal bone. A. True B. False
B. False
The ossification of the vertebrae is usually complete shortly after puberty. A. True B. False
B. False
The pia mater is closely invests the spinal cord and it continues as the cauda equina after the conus medullaris. A. True B. False
B. False
The posterior atlanto-axial membrane is considered to be the roof of the suboccipital triangle. A. True B. False
B. False
The primary function of the vertebral column is for movement and positioning of the head and trunk. A. True B. False
B. False
The rhomboid minor is innervated by the suprascapular nerve. A. True B. False
B. False
The spinal cord ends at the sacral hiatus. A. True B. False
B. False
The subdural space is located between the prevertebral fat and the dura mater. A. True B. False
B. False
The tectorial membrane is a continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament. A. True B. False
B. False
The trapezius muscle is the first intrinsic back muscle you encounter when dissecting the posterior mid thoracic area. A. True B. False
B. False
The type of collagen which makes up the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus is the same but does vary in amount in each structure. A. True B. False
B. False
The uncovertebral articulation occurs in the cervical and lumbar region but not in the thoracic region. A. True B. False
B. False
The uncovertebral joints contain an articular space lateral to the uncinate process. A. True B. False
B. False
The vertebral artery can be found passing through the vertebral canal in all the cervical vertebrae except C-7. A. True B. False
B. False
The vertebral artery does not give off any branches prior to entering the foramen magnum. A. True B. False
B. False
The vertebral artery does not give off any branches prior to entering the foramen magnum. A. True B. False
B. False
The vertebral artery pierces the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane. A. True B. False
B. False
Which muscle below is NOT innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve? A. Levator scapulae B. Semispinalis capitis C. Rhomboid major D. Rhomboid minor E. All of the above are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve
B. Semispinalis capitis
A patient presents to your office after an auto accident complaining of right posterior neck pain. The patient explains they were hit from behind and had their head turned slightly to the left at the moment of impact. Which of the following muscles was most likely affected? A. Trapezius B. Splenius capitis C. Semispinalis cervicis D. Obliquus capitis inferior
B. Splenius capitis
Which muscle is considered the MOST powerful extensor of the head on the neck? A. Semispinalis capitis B. Splenius capitis C. Longissimus capitis D. Iliocostalis capitis E. Spinalis capitis
B. Splenius capitis
All of the following are the functions of the vertebral column, EXCEPT: A. Allowing boney attachment for both upper and lower limbs B. Standing posture C. Protection of the spinal cord D. Supporting the body weight
B. Standing posture
Sometimes the vertebral canal is misshapen and narrowed. The term for this narrowing is what? A. Spina bifida B. Stenosis C. Spondylosis D. Halitosis E. Noholiosis
B. Stenosis
All of the following statements about the latissimus dorsi is correct, EXCEPT: A. Arises from the iliac crest B. Inserts into humerus C. Abduct the glenohumeral joint D. Has attachment with the thoracolumbar fascia E. Is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve
C. Abduct the glenohumeral joint
What characteristic primarily determines whether a thoracic vertebra is atypical or not? A. Floating ribs B. Length of the spinous process C. Absence of any of four semi-facets D. Presence of accessory processes
C. Absence of any of four semi-facets
Which of the following ligaments would most likely limit extension of the spinal column? A. Supraspinous B. Infraspinous C. Anterior longitudinal D. Both A and B
C. Anterior longitudinal
Innervation to the serratus posterior muscles is through A. Intercostal nerves B. Posterior rami of spinal nerves C. Anterior rami of spinal nerve D. Segmental cutaneous nerves
C. Anterior rami of spinal nerve
Flexion of the vertebral column is greatest in the ___ region. Extension of the vertebral column is most marked in the ___. A. Lumbar; cervical region B. Lumbar: lumbar region C. Cervical; cervical region D. Cervical; lumbar region E. None of the above are correct
C. Cervical; cervical region
Which meningeal layer is highly innervated with nociceptors? A. Pia mater B. Arachnoid mater C. Dura mater D. None of the layers is innervated
C. Dura mater
The longissimus cervicis muscle will have a superior attachment of what? A. The nuchal ligament B. Mastoid process C. Spinous process of the upper five cervical vertebrae D. 2nd to 6th cervical vertebrae on their transverse process E. The lateral portion of the superior nuchal line
D. 2nd to 6th cervical vertebrae on their transverse process
During embryonic development, the vertebral bones will present ___ points of secondary ossification centers. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 E. None of the above
D. 5
The great anterior segmental medullary artery (of Adamkiewicz) is a branch of: A. Right vertebral artery B. Left vertebral artery C. Aorta D. A segmental artery from the lower thoracic or upper lumbar area
D. A segmental artery from the lower thoracic or upper lumbar area
Which ligament listed below attaches to the lateral sides of the dens of the axis effectively limiting rotation of the head? A. Cruciate ligament B. Cruciform ligament C. Lateral ligament of the dens D. Alar ligament E. Transverse ligament of the atlas
D. Alar ligament
Tears of the annular fibrosis of the disc may cause which of the following signs or symptoms? A. Low back pain B. Radicular pain C. Nerve impingement D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is found in the subarachnoid space? A. Cerebrospinal fluid B. Arachnoid trabeculae C. Nothing it is a potential space D. Both A and B are correct E. None of the above is correct
D. Both A and B are correct
This muscle is considered part of the second layer of the superficial extrinsic muscles of the back A. Serratus posterior inferior B. Latissimus dorsi C. Serratus posterior superior D. Rhomboid minor E. None of the above
D. Rhomboid minor
The median crest of the sacrum is the fusion of the ____. A. Sacral lamina B. Sacral transverse processes C. Sacral articular processes D. Sacral spinal processes
D. Sacral spinal processes
Which of the following structures forms the roof of the suboccipital triangle? A. Trapezius B. Rectus capitis posterior major C. Splenius capitis D. Semispinalis capitis
D. Semispinalis capitis
The spinous process of C2 is considered the most superior insertion of which muscle? A. Rectus capitis posterior major B. Obliquus capitis superior C. Obliquus capitis inferior D. Semispinalis cervicis E. Rectus capitis posterior minor
D. Semispinalis cervicis
The spinous process of C2 is considered the most superior insertion of which muscle? A. Rectus capitis posterior major B. Obliquus capitis superior C. Obliquus capitis inferior D. Semispinalis cervicis E. Rectus capitis posterior minor
D. Semispinalis cervicis
What thin muscle, part of the intermediate extrinsic group and considered an accessory muscle of inspiration is located just deep to the latissimus dorsi muscle? A. Levator costarum B. Rotatores C. External intercostals D. Serratus posterior inferior E. None of the above
D. Serratus posterior inferior
Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. Levator scapulae muscle arises from the spinous processes of the upper 4 cervicals B. Rhomboid minor muscle arises from the ligament nuchae and transverse processes of C7 and T1 C. The vertebral arteries pierce through the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane D. Serratus posterior superior is located deep to rhomboid muscles
D. Serratus posterior superior is located deep to rhomboid muscles
This muscle is considered part of the erector spinae muscle group and is the most medial part of the semispinalis capitis muscle. A. Longissimus capitis B. Semispinalis cervicis C. Iliocostalis capitis D. Spinalis capitis E. Serratus capitis
D. Spinalis capitis
When dissecting the back after laterally reflecting the trapezius muscles, what superficial layer, intrinsic back muscle may be seen on the posterior neck? A. Spinalis capitis B. Serratus posterior superior C. Semispinalis capitis D. Splenius capitis E. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Splenius capitis
During your study of the back you noticed that: A. Dorsal scapular nerve is just superficial to rhomboid muscles B. Levator scapulae muscle arises from the SP of the upper 4 cervical vertebrae C. Rhomboid minor muscle is innervated via the dorsal clavicular nerve D. Splenius capitis muscle inserts into the mastoid process of the temporal bone
D. Splenius capitis muscle inserts into the mastoid process of the temporal bone
Some cadavers are more difficult to dissect in the back region due to excessive accumulation of fat in the ____ layer. A. Muscular B. Deep fascial C. Cutaneous D. Subcutaneous
D. Subcutaneous
This vertebra will tend to have a heart shaped body and a round vertebral foramen. A. C5 B. L3 C. Unfused S2 D. T6 E. T1
D. T6
Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. Rectus capitis posterior major originates from the posterior tubercle of C2 B. Occipital artery which anastomoses with the blood supply of the vertebral artery, in part supplies the cervical region of the spinal cord C. Greater occipital nerve pierces splenius capitis to supply the inferior nuchal furrow D. The C1 nerve is the motor innervation to the suboccipital muscles E. All of the above statements are correct
D. The C1 nerve is the motor innervation to the suboccipital muscles
This muscle listed below, passes from the spinous process inferior and laterally to attach to ribs? A. Latissimus dorsi B. Levator costarum C. Semispinalis thoracis D. Serratus anterior E. Serratus posterior superior
E. Serratus posterior superior
What muscle is just deep to the rhomboids? A. Iliocostalis thoracis B. Longissimus cervicis C. Spinalis cervicis D. Serratus anterior E. Serratus posterior superior
E. Serratus posterior superior
The levator scapulae attach to transverse processes of four of the cervical vertebrae. A. True B. False
A. True
The ligamentum flavum is so named because the high percentage of elastic fibers makes it appear yellow. A. True B. False
A. True
A primary function of the rhomboid major muscle is to: A. Adduct the scapula B. Abduct the scapula C. Depress the scapula D. Elevate the scapula E. Extend the scapula
A. Adduct the scapula
What is the correct anatomical term for the ligament referred to as the "check" ligament of the head? A. Alar ligament B. Transverse ligament C. Denticulate ligament D. Suspensory ligament
A. Alar ligament
The transverse foramen is a feature of the : A. Cervical vertebrae B. Thoracic vertebrae C. Lumbar vertebrae D. Sacral bone E. None of the above
A. Cervical vertebrae
The blood supply to the rhomboid minor muscle comes via (by way of) what artery specifically? A. Deep branch of the transverse cervical B. Artery of Adamkiewicz C. Dorsal scapular D. Superficial branch of the transverse cervical E. Occipital
A. Deep branch of the transverse cervical
Each of the following statements about the muscles of the back is CORRECT EXCEPT: A. For descriptive purposes, the back muscles are divided into two main groups B. They are responsible for the maintenance of posture C. They are supplied by the posterior primary rami of spinal nerves D. The extrinsic back muscles are concerned with limb movements and respiration
A. For descriptive purposes, the back muscles are divided into two main groups
You are asked to dissect out and demonstrate to your other lab tank members all the muscles listed in the previous question. Which one are you least likely to find? A. Iliocostalis capitis B. Splenius capitis C. Longissimus capitis D. Semispinalis capitis E. Spinalis capitis
A. Iliocostalis capitis
This lateral most layer of the erector spinae group of muscles attaches to all of the ribs. Is it listed below? A. Iliocostalis thoracis M. B. Longissimus thoracis M. C. Levator costarum M. D. Iliocostalis lumborum E. No it is not listed
A. Iliocostalis thoracis M.
This lateral most layer of the erector spinae group of muscles attaches to all of the ribs. Is it listed below? A. Iliocostalis thoracis muscle B. Longissimus thoracis muscle C. Levator costarum muscle D. Iliocostalis lumborum muscle E. No, it is not listed
A. Iliocostalis thoracis muscle
Iliocostalis lumborum inserts into the: A. Inferior aspect of the lower six ribs B. Lamina of the lower 9 to 10 lower thoracic vertebrae C. TP of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae D. Both A and B E. Both B and C
A. Inferior aspect of the lower six ribs
Which of the following statements is NOT correct in regard to latissimus dorsi muscle? A. Inserts into the spine of the scapula at the lateral aspect B. It arises from thoracolumbar fascia C. It is innervated via the thoracodorsal nerve D. It will adduct the arm
A. Inserts into the spine of the scapula at the lateral aspect
Which of the following statements about the rectus capitis posterior major is incorrect? A. Inserts into the superior nuchal line B. Bilateral contraction would cause atlanto-occipital extension C. Is innervated via the suboccipital nerve D. Arises from SP of C2
A. Inserts into the superior nuchal line
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Trapezius muscle: A. Inserts into the vertebral border of the scapula B. It may retract scapula C. It has an origin from the nuchal ligament D. It also has an attachment to SP of C7 through T12 E. Cranial nerve XI innervate the muscle
A. Inserts into the vertebral border of the scapula
Which of the following statements about the latissimus dorsi is INCORRECT? A. It is innervated via the segmental intercostal nerves B. Inserts into the humerus C. It is a powerful adductor of the arm D. It has a broad origin which it forms the thoracacolumbar fascia
A. It is innervated via the segmental intercostal nerves
The lower limit of the lumbar cistern is: A. L1/L2 disc space in 60% of the people B. S2 level C. The level of the coccyx D. None of the above are correct
A. L1/L2 disc space in 60% of the people
This nerve innervates the most medial part of the posterior scalp and shows up in our dissection just inferior to the axis vertebra. A. Least occipital nerve B. Greater occipital nerve C. Lesser occipital nerve D. Sub occipital nerve E. None of above are correct
A. Least occipital nerve
The ___ vertebra has the largest, thickest body. A. Lumbar B. Thoracic C. Unfused sacral D. Coccygeal E. Cervical
A. Lumbar
Which of the following statements about the "extradural space" is INCORRECT? A. Normally communicates with the subarachnoid space B. Contains loose fat, connective tissue, and a plexus of veins C. It is usually referred to as the epidural space by clinicians D. Lies between the spinal dura mater and periosteum of the vertebral canal
A. Normally communicates with the subarachnoid space
The posterior longitudinal ligament: A. Passes along the anterior wall of the vertebral canal B. Is attached to the intervertebral foramina and the anterior edges of the vertebral bodies C. Tends to prevent hyperextension of the vertebral column D. Disappears as it passes the intervertebral discs, thereby providing no support to them E. All of the above are incorrect
A. Passes along the anterior wall of the vertebral canal
The lamina and pedicles of the vertebral bodies are associated with A. Primary ossification centers B. Secondary ossification centers C. Tertiary ossification centers D. None of the above
A. Primary ossification centers
Which of the following muscles DOES NOT attach to the axis? A. Rectus capitis posterior minor B. Levator scapulae C. Obliquus capitis inferior D. Semispinalis cervicis E. Interspinalis
A. Rectus capitis posterior minor
This muscle is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve: A. Rhomboid major B. Semispinalis capitis C. Splenius cervicis D. Trapezius E. Two of the above are correct
A. Rhomboid major
Your patient's chiropractic records indicate she has a torn right "check" ligament. You get permission to change the record to indicate the more correct, anatomical term. What should now be found in this patient's record? A. Right alar ligament B. Right transverse ligament C. Right denticulate ligament D. Right checkmate ligament E. None of the above are correct
A. Right alar ligament
The dura mater in adults usually ends distally at the level of the ____ vertebra. A. Second sacral B. First sacral C. Third sacral D. Fifth lumbar E. Fourth lumbar
A. Second sacral
Which of the following muscles may be found just deep to the trapezius muscle on the posterior aspect of the cervical spine at the level of C3. A. Semispinalis capitis B. Semispinalis cervicis C. SCM D. Longissimus capitis
A. Semispinalis capitis
The ___ muscle makes up the roof of the sub-occipital triangle and is pierced by the ___ nerve on its way to innervate the skin over the neck and occipital bone. A. Semispinalis capitis ; greater occipital B. Spinalis capitis ; lesser occipital C. Splenius capitis ; suboccipital D. Spinalis capitis ; suboccipital E. Semispinalis capitis ; dorsal ramus of C-l
A. Semispinalis capitis ; greater occipital
The mamillary process of a lumbar vertebra is located on the posterior aspect of the superior articular process. A. True B. False
A. True
During your study of the back, you noticed that: A. Spinal accessory nerve is just superficial to rhomboid muscles B. Rhomboid minor muscle arises from the SP of the lower 4 cervical vertebrae C. Levator scapula muscle is innervated via the dorsal clavicular nerve D. Splenius cervicis muscle inserts into the mastoid process of the occipital bone
A. Spinal accessory nerve is just superficial to rhomboid muscles
Which of the following is NOT part of the origin of the trapezius? A. Spinous processes of C2 through C5 B. Medial one third of the superior nuchal line C. Spinous processes of T1 through T6 D. Spinous processes of T7 through T12
A. Spinous processes of C2 through C5
When dissecting the back after laterally reflecting the trapezius muscles, what superficial layer, intrinsic back muscle may be seen on the posterior neck? A. Splenius capitis B. Serratus posterior superior C. Semispinalis capitis D. Spinalis capitis E. Sternocleidomastoid
A. Splenius capitis
One of the functions of the anterior longitudinal ligament is _____ of the vertebral column. A. Stabilize the column during extension B. Stabilize the column during flexion C. Stabilize the TP during rotation D. Stabilize the Sp flexion
A. Stabilize the column during extension
The superior continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligaments is known as the: A. Tectorial membrane B. Supraspinous ligament C. Alar ligament D. Atlanto-occipital membrane
A. Tectorial membrane
How many diarthrotic joint or demifacets would you expect to find on a typical, midthoracic vertebra? A. Ten B. Eight C. Two D. Six E. Twelve
A. Ten
Each of the following statements about the vertebral column is CORRECT EXCEPT A. The 12 thoracic vertebrae show a gradual decrease in size inferiorly B. It usually consist of 33 vertebra and they are categorized as irregular bones C. The five lumbar vertebrae differ from other vertebrae in their greater size D. The 7 cervical vertebrae are smaller movable vertebrae and majority of these bones present bifid spinous process
A. The 12 thoracic vertebrae show a gradual decrease in size inferiorly
CORRECT statements concerning the joints of the vertebral column include each of the following EXCEPT: A. The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments provide the strongest attachments between the vertebrae B. The joints between the vertebral bodies are secondary cartilaginous joints C. the joints of the vertebral arches, called zygapophysial joints, are formed by opposing articular processes D. The joints between the vertebral arches are plane type of synovial joints
A. The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments provide the strongest attachments between the vertebrae
In an adult the tip of the conus modulars is most often located at about what vertebral level? A. The level of the intervertebral disc between L1 and L2 B. The level of T12 body C. The level of the 2nd sacral vertebra D. The level of the body of L1
A. The level of the intervertebral disc between L1 and L2
For dissection purposes, the region known as the back extends inferiorly to what anatomical landmark? A. The upper part of the intergluteal cleft B. The tip of the fourth coccygeal vertebra C. The lumbosacral angle D. The inferior gluteal fold E. None of the above is correct
A. The upper part of the intergluteal cleft
Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. The vertebral canal in the lumbar region, are most likely triangular in shape B. In any vertebral bone development, there are 5 primary ossification centers C. Uncovertebral joints are found at the cervical and lumbar vertebrae D. In the mid thoracic vertebrae the spinous processes are very short and on the horizontal plane
A. The vertebral canal in the lumbar region, are most likely triangular in shape
All of the following statements about the vertebral column is correct, EXCEPT: A. There are 36 vertebral bones in the adults B. The first four thoracic vertebrae are "atypical" C. The first intervertebral disk is located between the C2 and C3 vertebrae D. The "uncovertebral joints" can be found in the cervical region
A. There are 36 vertebral bones in the adults
Which of the following ligaments or membranes holds the dens of the axis against the anterior arch of the atlas? A. Transverse ligament of the atlas B. Apical ligament of the dens C. Atlanto-occipital membrane D. Membrana tectoria E. Alar ligament
A. Transverse ligament of the atlas
Approximately 25% of the length of the vertebral column is due to the intervertebral disks. A. True B. False
A. True
Both the levator costarum muscles and the rotatores muscles may have a longus as well as a brevis portion. A. True B. False
A. True
Cervical vertebrae may have uncinate processes and lumbar vertebrae may have mamillary processes. A. True B. False
A. True
In the thoracic region the multifudus occupies the mid or second layer of the transversospinalis group. A. True B. False
A. True
Most of the content by weight of the nucleus pulposus in a middle-aged person is NOT due to collagen. A. True B. False
A. True
One boundary of the suboccipital triangle does not attach to the head A. True B. False
A. True
The curvature in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the vertebral column are kyphotic and lordotic, respectively. A. True B. False
A. True
The floor of triangle of auscultation consists of a different structure than what makes up the floor of the lumbar triangle of Petit. A. True B. False
A. True
The function of the intermediate group of back muscles is respiration. A. True B. False
A. True
The greater occipital nerve is from the dorsal rams of C2 whereas the lesser occipital nerve is from the ventral rams of C2. A. True B. False
A. True
The greater occipital nerve is from the dorsal ramus of C-2. A. True B. False
A. True
The lateral intertransversus muscle is innervated by ventral primary rami of the segmental nerve. A. True B. False
A. True
The least occipital nerve is a continuation of the dorsal ramus of C-3. A. True B. False
A. True
Where would you look for the best example of the suboccipital nerve? A. Within the suboccipital triangle B. Presenting just inferior to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle C. Piercing the semispinalis capitis muscle D. Presenting just inferior to the ear, supply the scalp at this point
A. Within the suboccipital triangle
Which number is correct? A. 33 pair of spinal nerves B. 7 cervical vertebrae C. 1 ligamentum flavum (runs continuously) D. 10 typical thoracic vertebrae E. All of the above are correct
B. 7 cervical vertebrae
Which of the following landmarks is found at the base of the transverse process of the lumbar spine? A. Mammillary process B. Accessory Process C. Costal facet
B. Accessory Process
Which ligament listed below is often referred to as the "check" ligament whose main purpose is to limit rotation of the head? A. Apical ligament of the dens B. Alar ligament C. Ligamentum flavum D. Transverse ligament of Lain E. None of the above are correct
B. Alar ligament
Which of the following is characterized by type 1 collagen layered in concentric rings at right angles? A. Nucleus pulposus B. Annulus fibrosis C. Anterior longitudinal ligament D. Ligamentum flavum
B. Annulus fibrosis
Transverse foramen, a posterior tubercle on the posterior arch and an articular facet on the anterior arch; these are characteristics of what vertebra? A. T-l B. C-l C. C-2 D. C-7 E. L-l
B. C-l
Which of the following vertebrae has the posterolateral lip (uncinate process)? A. Thoracic vertebrae T1 through T4 B. Cervical vertebrae C3 through C6 C. Atypical thoracic vertebrae D. Typical lumbar vertebrae E. Atypical cervical vertebrae
B. Cervical vertebrae C3 through C6
Which meningeal layer is highly innervated with nociceptors? A. Pia mater B. Dura mater C. Arachnoid mater D. Nove of the above
B. Dura mater
Which of the following is considered a TRUE statement concerning the trapezius muscle? A. Motor function of trapezius is supplied through cranial nerve X B. Exercises including elevation of the shoulders may increase the size of trapezius C. Trapezius does not have any attachments to the spine of the scapula
B. Exercises including elevation of the shoulders may increase the size of trapezius
The anterior longitudinal ligament: A. lies between the IVD and the dura B. Extends from atlas to sacrum C. End superiorly as tectorial membrane D. Limits anterior flexion of the vertebral column E. All of the above
B. Extends from atlas to sacrum
The most superior attachment to the ligamentum nuchae is what? A. Superior nuchal line B. External occipital protuberance C. Inferior nuchal line D. Posterior tubercle of C-1 E. Spinous process of C-7
B. External occipital protuberance
Patient presents with headaches that seem to be brought on by period of stress while performing his job as a data entry clerk. He says the pain starts at the base of his skull and radiates to the top of his head. You know this condition is called cervicogenic cephalgia. Which of the following nerves is most likely causing your new patient's problems? A. Suboccipital B. Greater occipital C. Spinal accessory D. Dorsal scapular
B. Greater occipital
Each of the following statements about the transverospinalis group of back muscles is correct EXCEPT: A. It lies deep to the large and powerful erector spinal muscle B. In general its fibers pass superolaterally from the spinous processes to the transverse processes C. It consists of the semispinalis, multifidus, and rotators muscles D. Like the erector spinal, it consists of three components E. It is supplied by the posterior rami of the spinal nerves
B. In general its fibers pass superolaterally from the spinous processes to the transverse processes
The spinous process of C2 is considered the most superior attachment of which muscle? A. Rectus capitis posterior major B. Inferior oblique capitis C. Semispinalis cervicis D. Superior oblique capitis E. None of the above are correct
B. Inferior oblique capitis
Which of the following statements about the anterior spinal artery is INCORRECT? A. It is supplied by a branch off the vertebral artery B. It usually travels in the posterior median fissure of the spinal cord C. It usually is reinforced by the great anterior segmental medullary artery (of Adamkewicz) D. It usually is singular It is considered a longitudinal arterial supply of the spinal cord
B. It usually travels in the posterior median fissure of the spinal cord
All of the following statements about the levator scapulae muscle is true EXCEPT: A. Its nerve supply is via the dorsal scapular nerve B. Its origin is from the posterior tubercles of C4 through C7 C. One of its actions is to tilt the chapel, causing the gleaned fossa to tilt inferiorly D. Inserts into the superior angle of the scapula
B. Its origin is from the posterior tubercles of C4 through C7
Herniation of the nucleus pulpous of the lumbar intervertebral disks is common. In such cases, the herniated disk may compress the dorsal root of a neighboring spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen and cause sensory loss or severe pain. If the disk between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae were herniated, the nerve root compressed would be that of: A. L3 B. L4 C. L5 D. S1 E. S2
B. L4
Which of the following composes the medial border of the triangle of auscultation? A. Superior boundary of the latissimus B. Lateral border of the trapezius C. Medial border of the scapula
B. Lateral border of the trapezius
The action of the obliquus capitis superior includes: A. Rotation of the head of the ipsilateral side B. Lateral flexion of the head to the ipsilateral side C. Rotation of the head to the contralateral side D. Lateral flexion of the head to the contralateral side
B. Lateral flexion of the head to the ipsilateral side
All of the following structures prevent herniation of the nucleus pulpous of the IVD EXCEPT the: A. Anterior longitudinal ligament B. Ligamentum flavum C. Posterior longitudinal ligament D. Annulus fibrosis
B. Ligamentum flavum
Which of the following structure (ligaments) is NOT associated with the bodies of the vertebral bones? A. Anterior longitudinal B. Ligamentum flavum C. IVD D. Posterior longitudinal
B. Ligamentum flavum
Which of the following muscles is a true or intrinsic back muscle? A. Trapezius B. Longissimus C. Latissimus dorsi D. Rhomboideus major
B. Longissimus
Which statement about the rectus capitis posterior minor is NOT correct? A. Studies have shown it attaches by way of a connective tissue bridge to dura mater deep to the atlas B. Part of the attachment of this muscle it to the spinous process of C-2 C. This muscle attaches to the occipital bone D. The innervation to this muscle is via the suboccipital nerve E. This muscle is reputed to contain a high density of muscle spindle receptors
B. Part of the attachment of this muscle it to the spinous process of C-2
Innervation to the large erector spinae group of muscles is through A. Intercostal nerves B. Posterior rami of spinal nerves C. Anterior rami of spinal nerve D. Segmental cutaneous nerves
B. Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Which of the following is the point of insertion for the longissimus capitis muscle? A. Occipital bone B. Posterior tubercle of C1 through C4 C. Spinous process of C1 through C6 D. EOP E. None of the above
B. Posterior tubercle of C1 through C4
Which of the following could be considered an extrinsic muscle of the back? A. Multifidus B. Rhomboid major C. Semispinalis thoracis D. Semispinalis capitis
B. Rhomboid major
Which muscle listed below would be the most difficult to dissect out and demonstrate due to its very deep location? A. Levator scapulae muscle B. Rotatores muscle C. Iliocostalis lumborum muscle D. Serratus posterior superior muscle E. Semispinalis cervicis muscle
B. Rotatores muscle
Which of the following vertebral regions is considered a primary curvature? A. Cervical B. Sacral C. Lumbar D. Cervical and lumbar E. Cervical and sacral
B. Sacral
The lateral crest of the sacrum is the fusion of the A. Sacral lamina B. Sacral transverse processess C. Sacral articular processes D. Sacral spinous processes
B. Sacral transverse processess
L-5 vertebra is fused with the sacrum. What is this called? A. Fusitazation of Frausto B. Sacralization of L-5 C. Lumbarization of the sacrum D. Spondylolisthesis E. Spondylolysis
B. Sacralization of L-5
What muscle is referred to as the roof of the S.O.T.? A. Trapezius B. Semispinalis capitis C. Splenius capitis D. Spinalis capitis E. None of above are correct
B. Semispinalis capitis
Which muscle below is NOT innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve? A. Levator scapulae B. Semispinalis capitis C. Rhomboid major D. Rhomboid minor E. All of the above are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve
B. Semispinalis capitis
The mammillary process is found on which of the following? A. Inferior articular process of a lumbar vertebra B. Superior articular process of a lumbar vertebra C. Transverse process of a lumbar vertebrae D. Superior articular process of a thoracic vertebra E. Inferior articular process of a thoracic vertebra
B. Superior articular process of a lumbar vertebra
Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. The tectorial membrane is a continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament at cervical region B. The cruciform ligament is anterior to the spinal cord and it is associated with atlantoaxial articulation C. The posterior longitudinal ligament is found within the vertebral canal starting from occiput down to sacral hiatus D. The spinal cord grows faster than vertebral column resulting in a progressive obliquity of spinal nerve roots as you descend the vertebral column
B. The cruciform ligament is anterior to the spinal cord and it is associated with atlantoaxial articulation
Which statement about the vascularity associated with the vertebral column and spinal cord is NOT correct? A. The veins which drain this area tend to be valveless B. The largest of the segmental medullary arteries is usually found in the sacral area C. The vertebral arteries usually give rise to both the anterior and posterior spinal arteries D. The anterior spinal artery tends to supply more of the cross-sectional area of the spinal cord than does the posterior spinal artery E. All of the above statements are true
B. The largest of the segmental medullary arteries is usually found in the sacral area
Which statement about ligaments is NOT CORRECT? A. The posterior longitudinal ligament is usually thinner and than the anterior longitudinal ligament B. The ligamentum nuchae passes the full length of the vertebral column C. The cruciate ligament is a cross or x-shaped ligament D. The posterior atlanto-occiptial membrane (ligament) forms part of the floor of the SOT
B. The ligamentum nuchae passes the full length of the vertebral column
Which statement about ligaments is NOT correct? ' A. The posterior longitudinal ligament is usually thinner and weaker than the anterior longitudinal ligament B. The ligamentum nuchae passes the full length of the vertebral column C. The cruciate ligament is a cross or x-shaped ligament D. The posterior antlanto-occipital membrane (ligament) forms part of the floor of the SOT E. All of the above statements are correct
B. The ligamentum nuchae passes the full length of the vertebral column
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. The greater occipital nerve supplies a large posterior part of the scalp B. The most superior attachment of the splenius capitis muscle is the same place as the most inferior attachment of the rectus capitis posterior major muscle C. The pia mater that covers the spinal cord has 20 to 22 processes bilaterally which fan out laterally to attach to the dural sac. Called denticulate ligaments D. There are 3 primary ossification sites per vertebra and usually 5 secondary ossification sites
B. The most superior attachment of the splenius capitis muscle is the same place as the most inferior attachment of the rectus capitis posterior major muscle
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. The Atlantoaxial joint (between the dens and the anterior arch) is classified as a pivot joint B. The tectorial membrane is an intrinsic part of the atlantoaxial joint C. The transverse ligament crosses the atlantoaxial joint from one lateral mass on one side to the other D. There are three joints between the atlas and axis
B. The tectorial membrane is an intrinsic part of the atlantoaxial joint
Which is NOT true of the atlanto-occipital joint? A. The main movement permits anterior and posterior tilting of the head as if indicating "yes" B. There are thin, loose articular capsules C. These capsules are lined with a synovial membrane D. Hyaline cartilage covers the occipital condyles E. This a plane type joint, permitting gliding and sliding
B. There are thin, loose articular capsules
CORRECT statements about the pedicles of typical vertebrae include each of the following EXCEPT A. They are attached to the body of the vertebra B. They are continuous with the mammillary bodies especially at the thoracic vertebrae C. There is a small notch superior to each pedicle D. They form part of the vertebral arch E. There are two vertebral notches, one superior and one inferior to each pedicle
B. They are continuous with the mammillary bodies especially at the thoracic vertebrae
All of the following statements about the transversospinal group of the back muscles are CORRECT EXCEPT: A. At the thoracic region, they arise from the TP of the thoracic vertebrae B. They lie superficial to the larger and more powerful erector spine muscles C. They are innervated by the posterior rami of the spinal nerves D. In the lumbar region, they insert into the TP of all lumbar vertebrae
B. They lie superficial to the larger and more powerful erector spine muscles
The ligament that holds the dens tightly against the anterior arch of atlas is: A. alar ligament B. Transverse ligament C. Inferior longitudinal ligament D. Tectorial membrane
B. Transverse ligament
Which of the following statements in describing the obliquus capitis inferior is NOT correct? A. One of its attachments is the SP of C2 B. it inserts into the lateral one half of the inferior nuchal line C. it is innervated by suboccipital nerve D. it may cause rotation during unilateral contraction
B. it inserts into the lateral one half of the inferior nuchal line
The greater occipital nerve (C2) which is sensory to the scapula can usually be seen around the suboccipital triangle _____. A. Exiting from within the suboccipital triangle B. Exiting lateral to the obliquus capitis superior muscle C. Existing from the inferior border of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle D. Exiting in the midline between the suboccipital triangle
C. Existing from the inferior border of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle
The lumbar triangle is bounded by all of the following EXCEPT the: A. Iliac crest B. Latissimus dorsi muscle C. Iliocostalis D. External oblique
C. Iliocostalis
Which muscle listed below does NOT attach to the skull? A. Trapezius B. Spinalis capitis C. Iliocostalis capitis D. Semispinalis capitis E. Splenius capitis
C. Iliocostalis capitis
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about atypical cervial vertebrae? A. In case of C2, it has a boney projection on its body B. C7 presents SP that resembles the thoracic SP C. In case of C1, it presents a wide and thick lamina D. Lack of body in C1
C. In case of C1, it presents a wide and thick lamina
Which of the following statements regarding serratus posterior inferior is correct? A. Attaches to ribs 2-5 B. Elevates ribs for deep inspiration C. Innervated by ventral rami
C. Innervated by ventral rami
Which of the following statements is not correct? A. The cruciate ligament is a cross shaped ligament B. The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane makes up the floor of the SOT C. Innervation to the oblique capitis inferior is through greater occipital nerve D. Dura mater extends into the intervertebral foramen
C. Innervation to the oblique capitis inferior is through greater occipital nerve
Which of the following describes the segmental medullary arteries? A. Two arteries running inferiorly along the spinal cord. B. One artery running inferiorly along the anterior spinal cord C. Irregularly placed arteries running horizontally along the nerve roots to the spinal cord D. Small arteries traveling along the nerve rootlets to the spinal cord E. One artery running medially along the posterior bodies of the vertebral canal
C. Irregularly placed arteries running horizontally along the nerve roots to the spinal cord
Which of the following statements correctly describes the apical ligament? A. It attaches the odontoid process to the lateral mass B. It is superficial to tectorial membrane C. It is an important part of the superior longitudinal ligament D. It is also known as alar ligament E. No correct answer
C. It is an important part of the superior longitudinal ligament
An abnormal posterior curvature of the vertebral column, commonly observed in elderly women, is known as A. Scoliosis B. Lordosis C. Kyphosis D. Osteoporosis E. Spondylosis
C. Kyphosis
This typical vertebra has mammillary processes. A. T8 B. C6 C. L5 D. S1 E. None of the above are correct
C. L5
When peering into the area formed by the muscles of the suboccipital triangle which structure listed below would not be normally seen? A. Suboccipital N. B. Posterior arch of the atlas C. Lesser occipital N. D. Dorsal ramus of C-1 E. Vertebral artery
C. Lesser occipital N.
The iliocostalis thoracis originates from the: A. Lower 3 ribs B. Upper 6 ribs C. Lower 6 ribs D. Lower 6 TP's E. None of the above
C. Lower 6 ribs
Trapezius muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle and vertebral border of the scapula are boundaries of what triangle? A. Posterior triangle B. Thoracic triangle C. Lumbar triangle (of Petit) D. Triangle of auscultation E. Tucker's triangle
C. Lumbar triangle (of Petit)
The latissimus dorsi muscle: A. Inserts into the lesser tubercles of humerus B. Is a lateral rotator of the arm C. Motor innervation is via the thoracodorsal nerve D. Originates from the spinous processes of T1 through T5 only
C. Motor innervation is via the thoracodorsal nerve
You contact your patient's mamillary process to adjust L2 on the left. What muscle is just superficial to the mamillary at this location? A. Levator costarum brevis B. Iliocostalis lumborum C. Multifidus D. Trapezius E. Latissimus dorsi
C. Multifidus
Which of the following is found in the subdural space? A. Cerebrospinal fluid B. Arachnoid trabeculae C. Nothing it is a potential space D. Both A and B are correct E. None of the above are correct
C. Nothing it is a potential space
This muscle is part of the suboccipital triangle. It is also attached to both C1 and C2 vertebrae. A. Semispinalis capitis B. Rectus capitis posterior major C. Obliquus capitis inferior D. Obliquus capitis superior E. Rectus capitis posterior minor
C. Obliquus capitis inferior
The denticulate ligament is compose of: A. Dura mater B. Arachnoid mater C. Pia mater D. Coccygeal ligament E. Periosteum
C. Pia mater
All of the following muscles have some attachment to C2 EXCEPT: A. Obliquus capitis inferior B. Semispinalis cervicis C. Rectus capitis posterior minor D. Levator scapulae E. Obliquus capitis superior
C. Rectus capitis posterior minor
Which of the following muscles attaches to the posterior tubercles of the atlas? A. Rectus capitis posterior major m. B. Obliquus capitis inferior m. C. Rectus capitis posterior minor m. D. Obliquus capitis superior m. E. None of the above
C. Rectus capitis posterior minor m.
Which of the following nerves gives innervation to the dura mater of the spinal cord? A. Gray rami B. White Rami C. Recurrent meningeal D. Vertebral
C. Recurrent meningeal
The deep branch of the transverse cervical artery would be found just deep to the ____ muscle. A. Trapezius B. Latissimus C. Rhomboid major D. Both B and C are correct E. None of the above are correct
C. Rhomboid major
The deep branch of the transverse cervical artery would be found just deep to the ____ muscle. A. Trapezius B. Latissimus C. Rhomboid major D. Both B and C are correct E. None of the above is correct
C. Rhomboid major
A student in the gross lab was asked to identify the location of Spinal Accessory nerve. His reply to the question was: A. It is located at the midline of the latissimus dorsi B. Can be isolated just superficial to the serrates posterior superior muscles C. Runs deep to trapezius, along the vertebral border of the scapula D. It pierces the lateral (axillary) margin of the scapula E. It is located anterior to the scapula, prior to innervating the latissimus dorsi muscle
C. Runs deep to trapezius, along the vertebral border of the scapula
Which of the following is considered the "key" to finding the SOT muscles? A. Greater occipital nerve B. Semispinalis capitis C. Semispinalis cervicis D. Longissimus capitis
C. Semispinalis cervicis
Which of the following is the correct shape of the vertebral canal in the typical thoracic A. Large triangular B. Small triangular C. Small round D. Large round E. Large oval
C. Small round
Which muscle is most usually found in the most medial aspect of the semispinalis capitis muscle? A. Semispinalis cervicis B. Spinalis thoracis C. Spinalis capitis D. Rectus capitis posterior minor E. Rectus capitis posterior major
C. Spinalis capitis
This ligament is a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament across the central atlantoaxial joint superiorly. What is it? A. Supraspinous B. Ligamentum flavum C. Tectorial membrane D. Posterior atlantoaxial E. None of the above are correct
C. Tectorial membrane
This ligament is a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament across the central atlantoaxial joint superiorly. What is it? A. Supraspinous B. Ligamentum flavum C. Tectorial membrane D. Posterior atlantoaxial E. None of the above are correct
C. Tectorial membrane
Which of the following statements about the arterial supply to the spinal cord is CORRECT? A. The single posterior spinal artery is the major blood supply to the lumbar area of the spinal cord B. The radicular arteries will form an extensive collateral circulation with the anterior and posterior spinal arteries C. The single anterior spinal artery is formed via the vertebral arteries D. The great segmental medullary arteries are direct branches of the typical intercostal arteries
C. The single anterior spinal artery is formed via the vertebral arteries
During dissection of the suboccipital region of the cervical spine, it was noted that A. The greater occipital nerve pierces the semispinalis cervicis muscle. B. The semispinalis capitis is the "key" to finding the SOT. C. The suboccipital nerve is located within the suboccipital triangle D. all of the above statements are correct
C. The suboccipital nerve is located within the suboccipital triangle
On the posterior aspect of the sacral bone, the lateral crest is formed from what? A. The lateral edges of the bodies of the fused vertebrae B. The articular processes of the fused vertebrae C. The tips of the transverse processes of the fused vertebrae D. The mamillary processes of the fused vertebrae E. None of the above is correct
C. The tips of the transverse processes of the fused vertebrae
The vertebral prominence is indicative of: A. Associated with the intergluteal fold B. It is the location (landmark) for 12th thoracic vertebrae C. The transverse process of the C7 vertebra D. All of the above apply to the prominence E. None does
C. The transverse process of the C7 vertebra
A typical thoracic vertebrae (take T6) articulates with: A. Two other vertebrae B. Two other vertebrae and two ribs C. Two other vertebrae and four ribs D. Four ribs and one vertebrae E. Four ribs, two vertebrae and scapulae
C. Two other vertebrae and four ribs
You have finished the dissection of the suboccipital triangle. Which of the following structures would be found within its borders? A. Transverse cervical artery B. Lesser occipital nerve C. Vertebral artery D. Spinal accessory nerve E. Semispinalis capitis muscle
C. Vertebral artery
When searching for the triangle of auscultation you can locate this structures border and the triangle will be just medial to it. Name this structure. A. Latissimus dorsi B. Serratus posterior superior C. Vertebral border of the scapula D. Trapezius E. Rhomboid major
C. Vertebral border of the scapula
Lumbar vertebra have two ADDITIONAL secondary ossification centers located at the A. inferior articular facet B. accessory process C. mammillary process D. lamina
C. mammillary process
There is a lateral extension of the pia mater which presents about halfway between the dorsal and ventral nerve roots. It functions to suspend the spinal cord within the dural sac. Name it. A. Arachnoid trabeculum B. Suspensory ligament C. Filum suspensorium D. Denticulate ligament E. None of the above are correct
D. Denticulate ligament
A primary function of the levator scapulae muscle is to: A. Adduct the scapula B. Abduct the scapula C. Depress the scapula D. Elevate the scapula E. Extend the scapula
D. Elevate the scapula
An injury to the dorsal scapular nerve might effect which of the following movements? A. Lateral rotation of the arm B. Medial rotation of the arm C. Flexion of the arm D. Elevation of the scapula
D. Elevation of the scapula
Each of the following statements about the muscles of the back is correct EXCEPT: A. They are responsible for the maintenance of posture B. They are responsible for movements of the vertebral column C. They are supplied by the posterior primary rami of spinal nerves D. For descriptive purpose, the true back muscles are divided into two main groups E. The extrinsic back muscles are concerned with limb movements and respiration
D. For descriptive purpose, the true back muscles are divided into two main groups
Which of the following are TRUE? A. Semispinalis capitis attaches to the C2 spinous process. B. The vertebral artery pierces the suboccipital triangle in the cervical spine. C. Trapezius is considered an intrinsic muscle of the back D. Greater occipital nerve is found inferior to the obliquus capitis inferior
D. Greater occipital nerve is found inferior to the obliquus capitis inferior
One statement about the curves of the vertebral column is NOT TRUE. Which one? A. The thoracic curvature is primary B. The convexity of the lumbar curvature is anterior C. Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature with some vertebral rotation concurrent D. Hyper convexity of the cervical vertebrae is termed kyphosis E. Sway back is a layman's term for lordosis
D. Hyper convexity of the cervical vertebrae is termed kyphosis
You are asked to dissect out and demonstrate to your other lab tank members all these muscles. Which one are you least likely to find? A. Semispinalis capitis B. Splenius capitis C. Longissimus capitis D. Iliocostalis capitis E. Spinalis capitis
D. Iliocostalis capitis
The nucleus pulposus: A. Is the peripheral part of an intervertebral disc B. Is formed mostly by fibrocartilage C. Is formed by synovial capsule D. Is soft and gelatinous in nature
D. Is soft and gelatinous in nature
Which statement or fact about the latissimus dorsi muscle is NOT correct? A. It usually is attached to 3 or 4 ribs as part of its origin B. It usually is attached at the inferior angle of the scapula as part of its origin C. It usually is attached to the thoracolumbar fascia as part of its origin D. It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve E. All of the above statements are correct
D. It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve
Each of the following statements about the sacrum is CORRECT EXCEPT A. It encloses the sacral canal and its median sacral crest represents the fused SP B. Its base is formed by the superior surface of the first sacral vertebra C. Its pelvic surface is somewhat smooth and faces antero-inferiorly D. Its dorsal foramina are larger and more numerous than its pelvic foramina
D. Its dorsal foramina are larger and more numerous than its pelvic foramina
All of the following statements are true about the semispinalis crevices EXCEPT: A. It does extend the neck B. Its origin is from the TP of the upper five to six thoracic vertebrae C. It is innervated (segmentally) by the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves D. Its insertion is into the TP of the fifth to second cervical vertebrae
D. Its insertion is into the TP of the fifth to second cervical vertebrae
Which muscle is common to both the triangle of auscultation and the lumbar triangle? A. Trapezius B. Rhomboid major C. External abdominal oblique D. Latissimus dorsi E. Erector spinae
D. Latissimus dorsi
Which of the following muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column can extend, adduct, and medially rotate humerus at shoulder joint? A. Trapezius B. Levator scapulae C. Rhomboid major D. Latissimus dorsi E. Rhomboid minor
D. Latissimus dorsi
The deepest layer of the intrinsic muscle groups is known as the transversospinal group. Which below is NOT considered part of that group? A. Semispinalis thoracis B. Rotatores C. Semispinalis cervicis D. Levator costarum E. Multifidus thoracis
D. Levator costarum
The deepest layer of the intrinsic muscle groups is known as the transversospinal group. Which below is not considered part of that group? A. Semispinalis thoracis B. Rotatores C. Semispinalis capitis D. Levator costarum E. Multifidis thoracis
D. Levator costarum
he deepest layer of the intrinsic muscle groups is known as the transversospinal group. Which below is NOT considered part of that group? A. Semispinalis thoracis B. Rotatores C. Semispinalis capitis D. Levator costarum E. Multifidis thoracis
D. Levator costarum
All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT: A. Rhomboid minor muscle inserts into the medial border of the scapula B. Intertransversarii muscles are located in between the transverse processes of the vertebrae C. Spinalis thoracis muscles originate from Sp of the lower thoracic vertebrae, and insert into the SP of the upper thoracic vertebrae D. Levator costarum muscle originate from the SP of T1 through T12 vertebrae
D. Levator costarum muscle originate from the SP of T1 through T12 vertebrae
Which of the following ligaments fills the intervals between the laminae of adjacent vertebrae? A. Posterior longitudinal ligament B. Ligamentum nuchae C. Interspinous ligament D. Ligamentum flavum E. Supraspinous ligament
D. Ligamentum flavum
All of the following statements about the lumbar vertebrae are CORRECT EXCEPT the: A. Relatively large bodies B. Triangle vertebral foramina C. Smaller transverse processes D. Longer and angular spinous processes
D. Longer and angular spinous processes
The typical thoracic vertebrae are: A. First 2 thoracic vertebrae B. Last 6 thoracic vertebrae C. Upper 6 thoracic vertebrae D. Middle 4 thoracic vertebrae E. None of the above
D. Middle 4 thoracic vertebrae
Which of the following statements about the thoracolumbar fascia is NOT correct? A. Found "sandwiched" between its layers lies the erector spinal muscle body B. It has two layers, the anterior and posterior lamina C. It acts as part of the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle D. The most posterior layer attaches to the body of the lumbar vertebrae E. It presents as a dense, white structure in the lab
D. The most posterior layer attaches to the body of the lumbar vertebrae
Which statement is NOT CORRECT? A. The anterior and middle lamina of the thoracolumbar fascia enclose the erector spinae muscles B. The vertebral venous plexus which is valueless, communicates with the cranial venous sinuses as well as veins of the abdomen, pelves and thorax C. The semispinalis cervicis attaches as far superior as C2 spinous process D. The rectus capitis posterior major shares its origin with rectus capitis posterior minor muscle
D. The rectus capitis posterior major shares its origin with rectus capitis posterior minor muscle
Correct statements concerning the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis muscles include each of the following except: A. They form a broad thin muscle that wraps around the posterior part of the neck B. Acting together, they extend the head C. They arise from the inferior half of the ligament nuchae and the spinous processes of C7 to T6 vertebrae D. The splenius capitis inserts into the transverse processes of the superior two to four cervical vertebrae E. Acting alone, they laterally flex (bend) and rotate the neck
D. The splenius capitis inserts into the transverse processes of the superior two to four cervical vertebrae
Trapezius muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle and vertebral border of the scapula are boundaries of what triangle? A. Posterior triangle B. Thoracic triangle C. Lumbar triangle (or Petit) D. Triangle of auscultation
D. Triangle of auscultation
There are five secondary ossification centers in the developing vertebral column. Which of the following structure is NOT in this category? A. Superior anular epiphyses (ring epiphyses) B. Tip of the transverse processes C. Tip of the spine process D. Vertebral arch (neurocentral joint)
D. Vertebral arch (neurocentral joint)
Muscles producing extension of the cervical intervertebral joint include. A. Splenius cervicis B. Semispinalis capitis C. Splenius capitis D. Semispinalis cervicis E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following characteristics best describe the nuchal ligament? A. It is very thick and dense B. Attaches to the occiput from the foramen magnum to the EOP C. Serves as an attachment point for some cervical muscles D. Stretches from the EOP to the spinous process of C7 E. All of the above are correct
E. All of the above are correct
Which of the following characteristics describe the nuchal ligament? A. It is very thick and dense B. Attaches to the occiput from the foramen magnum to the EOP C. Serves as an attachment point for all cervical muscles D. Stretches from the EOP to the spinous process of C7 E. All of the above are correct
E. All of the above are correct
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. Rectus capitis posterior minor arises from the SP of C1 B. The cervical attachment of the trapezius muscle is SP of C2 to C7 directly C. The secondary curvature of the adult vertebral column is ue to the accommodation for the visceral organs D. Latissimus dorsi arises in part from the SP of the lower cervical vertebrae E. All of the above statements are incorrect
E. All of the above statements are incorrect
The greatest range of the various motions that can occur with the vertebral column is associated with which region? A. Lumbar B. Coccygeal C. Thoracic D. Sacral (prior to fusion of vertebrae) E. Cervical
E. Cervical
What is the name of the structure which anchors the dural sac to the coccyx inferiorly? A. Conus medullaris B. Cauda equina C. Ligamentum flavum D. Uncinate process E. Filum terminale
E. Filum terminale
The denticulate ligament is associated with which of the following structure? A. Apical ligament of the atlantoaxial joint B. Atlanto-occipital joint C. It is an integral part of the nuchal ligament D. It attaches the dura mater to the IVF at the lower thoracic region E. It is considered an extension of the pia mater
E. It is considered an extension of the pia mater
During dissection into the deep layer of back musculature, you did come across a muscle which arises from TP of thoracic vertebrae, and inserts into the costal angle of a rib just inferior to origin. Which one is it? A. Multifidus B. Rotator brevis C. Interspinalis D. Levator costarum longus E. Levator costarum brevis
E. Levator costarum brevis
Which ligament below has the MOST amount of elastic fibrous tissue? A. Ligamentum nuchae B. Anterior longitudinal ligament C. Interspinous ligament D. Posterior longitudinal ligament E. Ligamentum flavum
E. Ligamentum flavum
The filum terminal is at its beginning an extension of what? A. Cauda equina B. Arachnoid mater C. Coccygeal spinal nerves D. Dura mater E. None of the above
E. None of the above
The origin of the levator scapulae muscles is from the ____? A. The spinous processes of the upper four cervical vertebrae B. The transverse processes of the lower two cervical and upper two thoracic vertebrae C. Mastoid process D. All of the above E. None of the above
E. None of the above
The correct order of the erector spinae muscles from medial to lateral is ____. A. Semispinalis, spinalis, splenius B. Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis C. Splenius, longissimus, iliocostalis D. Trapezius, latissimus, spinalis E. None of the above are correct
E. None of the above are correct
Which muscle listed below does not gain some innervation from the ventral primary ramis of C1? A. Rectus capitis posterior minor B. Rectus capitis posterior major C. Obliquus capitis superiorus D. Obliquus capitis inferiorus E. None of the above are correct
E. None of the above are correct
Which of these structures is posterior to the spinal cord? A. Anterior spinal artery B. Anterior longitudinal ligament C. Cruciate ligament D. Posterior longitudinal ligament E. None of the above are correct
E. None of the above are correct
Which of these structures is posterior to the spinal cord? A. Anterior spinal artery B. Anterior longitudinal ligament C. Cruciate ligament D. Posterior longitudinal ligament E. None of the above are correct
E. None of the above are correct
In an adult, the tip of the conus medullaris is most often located at about ____? A. The level of the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1 B. The level of T12 body C. The level of the S3 vertebra D. The level of the body of L4 E. None of the above is correct
E. None of the above is correct
Which of the following structures forms the superior and medial aspect of the suboccipital triangle? A. Superior oblique muscles B. Inferior oblique muscle C. Posterior arch of C1 D. Rectus capitis posterior minor E. Rectus capitis posterior major
E. Rectus capitis posterior major
The roof of the suboccipital triangle is formed by the: A. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane B. Rectus capitis posterior major muscle C. Posterior arch of the atlas D. Ligamentum nuchae E. Semispinalis capitis muscle
E. Semispinalis capitis muscle
The strongest (most powerful) extensor of the head on the neck is most often considered which muscle? A. Splenius capitis working bilaterally B. Superior fibers of the trapezius working bilaterally C. Rectus capitis posterior major muscles D. Levator scapulae muscles of the scapula if the scapula is fixed E. Semispinalis capitis muscle working bilaterally
E. Semispinalis capitis muscle working bilaterally
Which of the following muscles is NOT considered a true or intrinsic back muscle A. Multifidus B. Longissimus C. Splenius capitis D. Semispinalis capitis E. Serratus posterior inferior
E. Serratus posterior inferior
Which of the following statement is INCORRECT? A. The name obliquus capitis inferior m. seems somewhat misleading since it passes between C2 and C1 vertebrae without attaching to the cranium directly B. At lumbar level, the multifidus muscle is the most superficial of the transversospinalis deep layer of muscles C. Damage to a nerve whose major component comes from C5 would have little if any motor effect on the latissimus dorsi muscle D. The levator scapulae usually has its origin from the first four cervical vertebrae (transverse processes) E. The superficial branch of the occipital artery is the prime blood supply to the latissimus dorsi muscle
E. The superficial branch of the occipital artery is the prime blood supply to the latissimus dorsi muscle
This artery splits as it approaches the levator scapulae muscle giving rising to superficial and deep branches. A. Dorsal scapular B. Long thoracic C. Suprascapular D. Lateral thoracic E. Transverse cervical
E. Transverse cervical
Which of the artery splits as it approaches the levator scapulae muscle giving rise to superficial and deep branches. A. Dorsal scapular B. Long thoracic C. Suprascapular D. Lateral thoracic E. Transverse cervical
E. Transverse cervical
Which muscle listed below may have a longus and brevis? A. Multifidus B. Levator costarum C. Spinalis D. Rotatores E. Two of the above are correct
E. Two of the above are correct
