Growth and Development
A hospitalized 7-year-old is recovering from a head injury. Occupational therapy has been ordered to assist the child in regaining eye/hand coordination. If the child cannot master this skill, what feelings may arise? A sense of mistrust A sense of doubt A feeling of inferiority A sense of shame
A feeling of inferiority Explanation: Children who are unsuccessful in completing activities during the school-age phase, whether from physical, social, or cognitive disadvantages, develop a feeling of inferiority.
The nurse is preparing the anticipatory guidance sheets that are provided to parents. When organizing the sheets, place the milestones in their proper sequence from earliest to latest. 1Creep up stairs 2Run and jump in place 3Engage in parallel play 4Name one color 5Zip up their own jackets
Creep up stairs Run and jump in place Engage in parallel play Name one color Zip up their own jackets Explanation: A 15-month-old can creep upstairs. An 18-month-old can run and jump in place. A 24-month-old engages in parallel play; a 30-month-old can name one color. Zipping a jacket occurs around a child's 3rd birthday.
The school nurse is reviewing the chart of a 12-year-old student who has had excessive absences due respiratory infections. What is the best action by the nurse? Ask the child if he really has had respiratory infections during these absences. Speak with the parents about the unusual increased number of respiratory infections. Continue to monitor the child's absences. Discuss with the child's teacher to determine if the number of absences has affected academic performance.
Speak with the parents about the unusual increased number of respiratory infections. Explanation: In the school-age child, the respiratory system continues to mature with the development of the lungs and alveoli, resulting in fewer respiratory infections. Because the child is absent excessively for respiratory infections the nurse should speak with the parents to aid in determining if there is an underlying cause, or suggest the child visit the pediatrician to discuss the issue.
The best way for an infant's parent to help the child complete the developmental task of the first year is to: expose the infant to many caregivers to help the infant learn variability. talk to the infant at a special time each day. respond to the infant consistently. keep the infant stimulated with many toys.
respond to the infant consistently. Explanation: The developmental task of an infant is gaining a sense of trust. The infant develops this sense from the caretakers who respond to the child's needs, such as feeding, changing diapers, being held. It is a continuous process. A sense of trust is difficult to learn if things are constantly changing. Consistently responding to an infant's needs helps to build a sense of trust. An infant is too young to have variability in caretakers. This causes mistrust. The parents or caretakers do not need a special time to talk to the infant each day. It should be done with each interaction. Providing too much stimulus before the infant develops gross motor skills causes frustration from the child and not enjoyment.
The nurse is teaching a group of school-aged children about physical development. Which statement made by one of the children indicates the correct understanding of the teaching? "There are not many physical differences between school-aged boys and girls." "Menarche is usually the first sign of puberty in school-aged girls." "Boys normally grow an average of 5 in (12.5 cm) each year." "Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys."
"Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys." Explanation: Girls typically experience a rapid growth spurt before boys, and are usually taller by about 2 in (5 cm) or more than preadolescent boys. During the school-age years, the child will grow approximately 1 to 2.5 in (2.5 to 6.25 cm) per year. As puberty approaches, there will be significant differences in development between boys and girls. The first sign of puberty for girls is breast changes, not menarche.
After the nurse provides education to new parents about appropriate sleeping habits for infants, which statement by a parent would indicate to the nurse that teaching needs to reoccur? "I will place my infant on the back to sleep every night." "I have a crib in my room so that I can breastfeed my baby." "My husband gave the baby a special bear that I will place in the crib." "By keeping the room at a neutral temperature, I do not have to use blankets."
"My husband gave the baby a special bear that I will place in the crib." Explanation: The nurse should reinforce that stuffed animals, blankets, pillows, and soft mattresses are suffocation hazards for infants.
The parent of a 20-month-old toddler reports the toddler has been becoming distraught when the parent leaves. The parent asks the nurse for advice about what is going on and how to best manage it. What information can be provided? Select all that apply. "This is actually a regression for your toddler because separation anxiety normally occurs in infancy." "This is a normal happening for a toddler of this age." "As your toddler begins to learn that you will return, they will become less upset." "Your care providers may be frightening to your toddler." "Establishing a routine for saying goodbye to your toddler will be helpful."
"This is a normal happening for a toddler of this age." "As your toddler begins to learn that you will return, they will become less upset." "Establishing a routine for saying goodbye to your toddler will be helpful." Explanation: Separation anxiety occurs initially in infancy and then reoccurs again during the toddler stage. Separation anxiety for the toddler is normal. As the toddler begins to develop an understanding of object constancy, separation anxiety will ease. The toddler, while missing the parent, will begin to recognize that the parent will return. Establishing a routine for saying goodbye is helpful for the toddler. There is no indication that the care providers are problematic.
During the first visit to the pediatrician's practice the nurse is performing an admission interview and assessment of a 4-week-old infant. The mother states, "I am sure my baby girl knows my smell because she is much more settled in my arms rather than my mother's arms when she is upset." What is an appropriate response by the nurse? "Babies really can't tell the difference between people at that age." "Maybe she just knows your voice better than your mother's." "You may be right, since infants can sense their mother's smell as early as 7 days old." "I'm not sure a 4-week-old infant can tell their mother from another woman's smell."
"You may be right, since infants can sense their mother's smell as early as 7 days old." Explanation: The sense of smell develops rapidly: the 7-day-old infant can differentiate the smell of his or her mother's breast milk from that of another woman and will preferentially turn toward the mother's smell.
A parent takes the 4-month-old infant to the health care provider. The parent asks what type of baby cereal to provide now that the infant is starting solid foods. How should the nurse respond? "You should buy wheat cereal." "You should buy oat cereal." "You should buy rice cereal." "You should buy barley cereal."
"You should buy rice cereal." Explanation: The rice cereal should be first. The infant should be monitored for food allergies by following the rice cereal with oats, barley, and wheat. Wheat has the highest allergy reaction in infants.
The nurse is educating the parents of a 10-year-old girl in ways to help their child avoid tobacco. Which suggestion should be part of the nurse's advice? "Keep your cigarettes where she can't get to them." "Always go outside when you have a cigarette." "Tell her only losers smoke and chew tobacco." "As parents, you need to be good role models."
"As parents, you need to be good role models." Explanation: The nurse would recommend that the parents be good role models and quit smoking. Locking up or hiding your cigarettes and going outside to smoke is not as effective as having a tobacco-free environment in the home.
he parents of an 8-year-old boy report their son is being bullied and teased by a group of boys in the neighborhood. Which response by the nurse is best? "Perhaps teaching your son self-defense courses will help him to have a greater sense of control and safety." "Bullying can have lifelong effects on the self-esteem of a child." "Fortunately the scars of being picked on will fade as your son grows up." "Your son is at high risk for bullying other children as a result of this situation."
"Bullying can have lifelong effects on the self-esteem of a child." Explanation: The child can be permanently scarred by negative experiences such a bullying. Activities such as self-defense and sports can promote a sense of accomplishment but don't relate directly to the problem of bullying. There is no indication the child in the scenario will become a bully.
The caregiver of a 6-year-old expresses concern that the child cannot yet print her first and last name. The caregiver is wondering if this is normal. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? "By the age of 6, most children can print some letters and maybe their first name." "Usually by the age of 6, most children can write numbers up to nine, but no letters." "Some children this age cannot hold a pencil or crayon well enough to write legibly." "It is not unusual for children of this age to be writing their first name in cursive."
"By the age of 6, most children can print some letters and maybe their first name." Explanation: By 3 years of age, a child should be able to hold a pencil in the writing position. By age 4, the child can draw circles and squares and a body with four parts. At age 5, the child can print letters, copy a triangle and a picture of a person with six parts and cut with scissors. The 6-year-old child can print letters or numbers and may be able to print his or her own name. Children do not write in cursive until school age.
During a well-baby visit the mother tells the nurse that she thinks her baby has a decayed tooth and doesn't understand how this could have happened. What are appropriate questions for the nurse to ask this mother? Select all that apply. "Do you frequently put your baby to bed with a bottle of milk or juice?" "Is your child using a bottle for milk?" "Does your baby use no-spill sippy cups?" "Haven't you seen a dentist yet?" "Did you read any of the nutrition information we send home with each visit?"
"Do you frequently put your baby to bed with a bottle of milk or juice?" "Is your child using a bottle for milk?" "Does your baby use no-spill sippy cups?" Explanation: Milk and juice pool around teeth leading to dental caries (tooth decay) when babies are given bottles in bed and with the use of no-spill sippy cups, so these are appropriate questions. Using a bottle after the age of 12 to 15 months can also lead to dental caries. Asking the mother, "Haven't you seen a dentist yet?" or "Did you read any of the nutrition information we send home with each visit?" are very accusatory questions and will likely make the mother very defensive.
The parents of an overweight 2-year-old boy admit that their child is a bit "chubby," but argue that he is a picky eater who will eat only junk food. Which response by the nurse is best to facilitate a healthier diet? "You may have to serve a new food 10 or more times." "Serve only healthy foods. He'll eat when he's hungry." "Give him more healthy choices with less junk food available." "Calorie requirements for toddlers are less than infants."
"Give him more healthy choices with less junk food available." Explanation: Suggesting that the parents transition the child to a healthier diet by serving him more healthy choices along with smaller portions of junk food will reassure them that they are not starving their child. The parents would have less success with an abrupt change to healthy foods. Explaining calorie requirements and the timeline for acceptance of a new food does not offer a practical reason for making a change in diet.
The parents of a 4-year-old child tell the school nurse that they are worried that their child will fall behind other children academically because they are not able to afford expensive toys like computer games and handheld electronic devices. "Why are you not financially able to provide these toys and games for your child?" "Are there any family members who can help you get these games for your child?" "I understand how this can be frustrating, but rest assured this does not place your child at a disadvantage academically." "All of these expensive toys that are advertised and purchased by some people are not necessary for preschoolers. Simple toys like chalk and Legos are great." "Do you play with your child and provide means of play through things like dolls, puzzles, crayons, and child-safe modeling clay? These are the types of toys suggested for preschoolers."
"I understand how this can be frustrating, but rest assured this does not place your child at a disadvantage academically." "All of these expensive toys that are advertised and purchased by some people are not necessary for preschoolers. Simple toys like chalk and Legos are great." "Do you play with your child and provide means of play through things like dolls, puzzles, crayons, and child-safe modeling clay? These are the types of toys suggested for preschoolers." Explanation: Expensive and elaborate toys do not place a child at an academic or developmental advantage. Simple toys that require interactive rather than passive play, and that may include the involvement of the parent, are recommended to foster development. The nurse should not question a family's finances nor recommend the family ask for financial assistance. These statements are judgmental and infer the family is not able to provide for the child, which is not the case.
The mother of a 4-year-old reports using time-outs as a means for disciplining the child. Which statement by the mother would require the nurse to provide additional teaching? "I put him in time-out when the problem occurs." "He is allowed out of time-out when he is calm." "The time-out doesn't just have to be in his room." "I usually have him in time-out for about 10 minutes."
"I usually have him in time-out for about 10 minutes." Explanation: A time-out should be timed appropriately. The time-out should occur at the time the offense occurred, to ensure the child relates the offense (the behavioral problem) to the time-out period. Brief time-outs are more effective than very long ones, because a long time-out enables the child to redirect attention from calming down to being resentful. The maximum time-out duration should be 1 minute for each year of age, but it may be necessary to start with much shorter time-outs. A time-out should end as soon as the child is calm. Time-outs do not have to occur in the child's room; any location where the child is removed from activity and has an opportunity to become calm will do.
Parents of a preschooler tell the nurse that their child often refuses to go to sleep at night. Which suggestion by the nurse would be helpful? Select all that apply. "Try using a night light in the child's room." "Set up some familiar bedtime rituals for your child." "Keep the door closed and the lights off so that your child can fall asleep faster." "Avoid having your child watch frightening shows on TV before bedtime." "Try reading a favorite story before bedtime."
"Try using a night light in the child's room." "Set up some familiar bedtime rituals for your child." "Avoid having your child watch frightening shows on TV before bedtime." "Try reading a favorite story before bedtime." Explanation: Preschoolers may refuse to go to sleep because of fear of the dark. A night light, screening out frightening stories or TV shows, and using familiar bedtime routines, including reading a favorite story, can help. Keeping the door closed and the lights off would only help to promote the child's fear.
The father of a 6-week-old infant voices concerns about his son's stooling. He further shares that his son grunts and cries when having a bowel movement. What response by the nurse is most appropriate? "What does his stool look like?" "Grunting is normal with infant stool formation." "Is he in pain?" "We will need to collect a stool specimen for analysis."
"What does his stool look like?" Explanation: Grunting, crying and straining during bowel movements by infants and newborns is normal. This is due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system. The most important thing to do initially is to determine the appearance of the stool. The grunts and cries are not of concern unless the stool is dry and hard, so asking about the characteristics is the initial response. Simply indicating this is normal without having additional information is not the appropriate response. There is no need for a stool specimen based upon the information provided.
The father of a 2-year-old girl tells the nurse that he and his wife would like to begin toilet training their daughter soon. He asks when the right time is to begin this process. What should the nurse say in response? "When she starts tugging on a wet or dirty diaper, she is letting you know she's ready." "She's well past the age to begin toilet training; most children are ready by age 1, when they have developed the needed nervous system control." "The best time to start toilet training is as soon as the child begins walking." "It is best to wait a little longer, until she is 3; only then will she be socially developed enough to understand what you are asking her to do."
"When she starts tugging on a wet or dirty diaper, she is letting you know she's ready." Explanation: The markers of readiness are subtle, but as a rule children are ready for toilet training when they begin to be uncomfortable in wet diapers. They demonstrate this by pulling or tugging at soiled diapers. Because physiologic development is cephalocaudal, the rectal and urethral sphincters are not mature enough for control in most children until at least the end of the first year, when tracts of the spinal cord are myelinated to the anal level. A good way for a parent to know a child's development has reached this point is to wait until the child can walk well independently. Toilet training need not start this early, however, because cognitively and socially, many children do not understand what is being asked of them until they are 2 or even 3 years old.
A 3-year-old child is hospitalized. The parents are concerned because the child is now refusing to use the potty and is wetting the bed even though the child has achieved toilet training. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? "Do not worry. This is a normal response to being in the hospital." "Your child is experiencing regression as a result of stress." "Once discharged, your child will quickly learn to use the toilet again." "Why do you believe your child is refusing to use the potty?"
"Your child is experiencing regression as a result of stress." Explanation: Regression is a change from present behaviors to past developmental levels of behavior. This is a normal response among children during times of intense stress, such as a hospitalization or the birth of a new sibling. The nurse should not tell the parents not to worry. The child will not have to learn to use the toilet again. The behavior is already learned. Asking why is not a therapeutic form of communication and may cause the parents to become unnecessarily defensive
The infant weighs 7 lb 4 oz (3300 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be the expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months? 14 lb 8 oz (6.6 kg) 21 lb 12 oz (9.9 kg) 25 lb (11.3 kg) 28 lb 4 oz (12.8 kg)
21 lb 12 oz (9.9 kg) Explanation: The average weight of a newborn is 7.5 lb (3400 g). The infant gains about 30 g each day. By 1 year of age, the infant has tripled the birth weight and has grown 10 to 12 in (25 to 30 cm). 7.25 lb × 3 = 21.75 lb or 21 lb 12 oz (9.9 kg)
The nurse is assessing a 1-year-old at the well-child annual visit and notes the child is meeting the growth parameters. After noting the birth weight was 8 pounds (3.6 kg) and length was 20 inches (50.8 cm) long, which measurements reflecting height/weight would the nurse expect to document for this visit? 16 lb (7.2 kg) and 26 inches (65 cm) 20 lb (9.1 kg) and 28 inches (70 cm) 24 pounds (10.8 kg) and 30 inches (75 cm) 28 pounds (12.7 kg) and 32 inches (80 cm)
24 pounds (10.8 kg) and 30 inches (75 cm) Explanation: By 1 year of age, the infant should have tripled his or her birth weight and grown 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm). If this infant was 8 pounds (3.6 kg) at birth, at 1 year, this child should weigh 24 pounds (8 x 3 = 24) and grown to 30 to 32 inches (20 + 10 to 12 = 30 to 32 inches). Most of the growing occurs during the first 6 months with the infant's birth weight doubling and height increasing about 6 inches (15 cm). Growth slows slightly during the second 6 months but is still rapid.
The nurse is providing parental anticipatory guidance to promote healthy emotional development in a 12-month-old boy. Which statement best accomplishes this? A regular routine and rituals will provide stability and security. Emotions of a 12-month-old are labile. He can move from calm to a temper tantrum rapidly. A sense of control can be provided through offering limited choices. Aggressive behaviors such as hitting and biting are common in toddlers.
A regular routine and rituals will provide stability and security. Explanation: Toddlers benefit most from routines and rituals that help them anticipate events and teach and reinforce expected behaviors. Knowing that a child can move from calm to temper tantrum very quickly, understanding the benefit of limited choices, and realizing that hitting and biting are common behaviors in toddlerhood provide information but not a guiding concept.
An 8-year-old boy's foster mother is concerned about three recent cavities found in his permanent teeth and reports the child eats a nutritional diet, doesn't eat junk food, and the town water supply is fluoridated. Which suggestion should the nurse prioritize to this mother in regard to the child's dental health? Encourage the child to abstain from eating sugary snacks at school. Accept that the child is genetically predisposed to having more cavities than most children. Ensure that the child brushes his teeth after each meal and snacks. Have the child's teeth professionally cleaned every 3 months.
Ensure that the child brushes his teeth after each meal and snacks. Explanation: Proper dental hygiene includes a routine inspection and conscientious brushing after meals. A well-balanced diet with plenty of calcium and phosphorus and minimal sugar is important to healthy teeth. Foods containing sugar should be eaten only at mealtimes and should be followed immediately by proper brushing. The school-aged child should visit the dentist at least twice a year for a cleaning and application of fluoride.
The nurse is preparing an educational program for parents of preschool-age children to promote personal safety. Which information should the nurse include in this program? Select all that apply. Reducing the intake of fast-food items Limiting exposure to household chores Chewing food thoroughly before swallowing Explaining who police are and what they look like Teaching to never talk with or accept a ride from a stranger Never enter into a street without an adult
Explaining who police are and what they look like Teaching to never talk with or accept a ride from a stranger Never enter into a street without an adult Explanation: To promote personal safety in the preschool-age child, the nurse should instruct families to explain the role and purpose of police to the child, never enter into a street without an adult, and teach to never talk to or accept a ride from a stranger. Reducing the intake of fast-food items will help with weight control. Limiting exposure to household chores has no identified value. Chewing food thoroughly before swallowing can help with digestion and weight control.
What suggestions regarding the evaluation of a childcare center would the nurse share with a preschooler's mother? A ratio of 10 children to 1 teacher is adequate. Specific program goals to be accomplished should be available. The longer the center has been in operation, the better it is. Research local newspapers to see if there are any complaints against the center.
Specific program goals to be accomplished should be available. Explanation: Preschool is used for toddlers to foster social skills and to acclimate them to the group environment. When a parent is searching for a preschool, he or she should check the school's accreditation, the teacher's qualifications, and seek the recommendations of other parents. Parents should visit the school to see the teacher interact with the children, the focus of the activities, and hygiene practices. Parents should look at the school's daily schedule and the types of activities offered. Are the activities structured or loose? Preschoolers need planned activities. They are very ready to learn, but the activities should be planned to focus on their short attention spans.
A 4-year-old is going to finger paint for the first time. What is the best action for the adult supervisor of this activity? Draw a picture first for the child to see how to do it. Tell the child that it will be fun but that he or she should not make a mess. Support whatever the child paints. Make a model for the child to follow so it will be easy to copy.
Support whatever the child paints. Explanation: Preschoolers have a vivid imagination and need little direction for free-form play, such as finger painting. If a person draws a tree and tells the child to draw one, the child may no longer have fun, because the child believes that his or her tree will not look as good. The preschooler is not ready for competition and will drop out of the activity. Finger painting is a messy activity, so telling the child not to be messy takes the fun and the creative part out of the activity. The adult should provide aprons or clothing to protect the child's clothing and allow the painting in an area that can be cleaned easily.
When assessing a toddler's language development, what is the standard against which you measure language in a 2-year-old toddler? The toddler should say two words plus "ma-ma" and "da-da." The toddler should speak in two-word sentences ("Me go"). The toddler should be able to count out loud to 20. The toddler should say 20 nouns and 4 pronouns.
The toddler should speak in two-word sentences ("Me go"). Explanation: A toddler can understand language and is able to follow commands far sooner than he or she can actually use the words. By 2 years of age, a toddler typically speaks in two-word (noun and verb) sentences. Two-year-old toddlers have a vocabulary of about 40 to 50 words, and they start to use descriptive words (hungry, hot). The words "ma-ma" and da-da" occur much earlier than the toddler stage. The toddler is about 36 months of age before using pronouns or plurals in sentences. Children are unable to count to 20 until they are 5 to 6 years old.
A new mother reports that she is exhausted and that the little sleep she gets is determined by her baby. Which suggestion should the nurse prioritize to help the mother establish healthy sleeping patterns in her infant? Put the baby to bed at various times of the evening. Let the baby cry during the night and she will eventually fall back to sleep. Use the crib for sleeping only, not for play activities. Wake the baby from afternoon naps after 1 hour to ensure she is sleepy by nighttime.
Use the crib for sleeping only, not for play activities. Explanation: A consistent bedtime routine is usually helpful in establishing healthy sleeping patterns and in preventing sleep problems. Using the crib for sleeping only helps the child associate the bed with sleep. Depriving the baby of sleep during the afternoon or evening will make the baby over-tired and less able to establish a healthy sleeping pattern. While letting a baby cry for a while is acceptable, this does not promote consistency in the baby's sleeping pattern.
When collecting data on a preschool-aged child during a well-child visit, the nurse discovers the child has gained 12 lb (5.4 kg) and grown 2.5 inches (6.3 cm) in the last year. The nurse interprets these findings to indicate which situation? Weight and height are within expected patterns of growth. Weight falls within an expected range and height is less than what would be expected. Weight is above an expected range and height is within an expected range. Weight is below an expected range and height is above an expected range.
Weight is above an expected range and height is within an expected range. Explanation: The preschool period is one of slow growth. The child gains about 4 to 5 lb each year (1.4 to 2.3 kg) and grows about 2.5 inches (6.3 cm). The child's weight is above the expected gain and the height is what would be expected.
A mother of a 9-month-old 18-pound (8.2 kg) infant asks the nurse about choosing the best car seat. What should the nurse recommend? a rear-facing booster seat a forward-facing convertible booster a rear-facing 5-point harness restraint a forward-facing 5-point harness restraint
a rear-facing 5-point harness restraint Explanation: An infant until 2 years of age should be in a rear-facing car seat. The 5-point harness seat is made for children up to 40 pounds (18 kilograms) and the booster seat for children from 40 to 80 pounds (18 to 36 kilograms).
A group of 10-year-old girls have formed a "girls only" club. It is only open to girls who still like to play with dolls. Which factor does this best represent? poor peer relationships encouragement for bullying and sexism appropriate social development immaturity for this age group
appropriate social development Explanation: During the school-age years, peer groups tend to be same-sex. This helps children learn to work together and to see viewpoints different than their own. Being part of a peer group helps with positive socialization of the school-age child. The other choices are not represented by this scenario.
The nurse is talking to the parent of a 19-month-old toddler about setting limits and supervising activities. In which situation will the nurse recommend letting the toddler do as he or she pleases? choosing one's own foods deciding one's bedtime schedule exploring one's body playing on the picnic table
exploring one's body Explanation: Children learn about gender differences during the toddler years. They observe differences between male and female body parts if they are exposed to seeing it. They question their parents about the differences. It is normal for toddlers to explore their genitals as they develop their own sense of self. The parent should allow this and not punish the child. Choosing food and deciding bedtimes need to be done by an adult. Likewise, safety dictates that the picnic table is not a safe play area.
The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child. Which assessment finding would the nurse identify as abnormal? builds a tower of 10 cubes pedals tricycle without assistance unscrews a bolt on a toy falls when bending over to touch toes
falls when bending over to touch toes Explanation: Bending over easily without falling is a normal expected gross motor skill in a 3-year-old. Building a tower of nine or ten cubes, pedaling a tricycle without assistance, and unscrewing lids, bolts, or nuts are also expected gross and fine motor skills for this age.
The nurse needs to purchase toys or activities for preschool-aged children for the clinic waiting room. Which toy would be the best choice for this age? 50-piece jigsaw puzzle play kitchen and food brightly colored mobile toy with dials and switches
play kitchen and food Explanation: Preschool-aged children like to engage in pretend play, so a play kitchen and food would be a good choice. A mobile is more appropriate for an infant. A toy with dials and switches is appropriate for a toddler. A 50-piece jigsaw puzzle is a better choice for older children.
During a well-child check at the ambulatory clinic, the mother of a 10-year-old boy reports concerns about her son's frequent discussions about death and dying. Based upon knowledge of this age group, the nurse understands that: -at this age, children are not afraid of death. -discussing death and dying may hint at a psychological disorder. -consistent thoughts of death and dying at this age lead to the later development of depression. -preoccupation with death and dying is common in the school-aged child.
preoccupation with death and dying is common in the school-aged child. Explanation: School-aged children are often preoccupied with thoughts of death and dying. There is no indication these thoughts will lead to mental health issues or the development of depression. School-aged children fear death but are fascinated by death and dying.
A 2-year-old toddler holds his breath until passing out when he wants something the parent does not want him to have. The nurse would decide whether these temper tantrums are a form of seizure based on the fact that: seizures are not provoked; temper tantrums are. seizures rarely occur in toddlers. seizures typically occur with fever; temper tantrums do not. with seizures, cyanosis rarely develops.
seizures are not provoked; temper tantrums are. Explanation: Temper tantrums are the natural result of toddler frustration. Toddlers are eager to explore new things but their efforts can be thwarted, especially for safety reasons. Toddlers do not behave badly on purpose. Temper tantrums occur out of anger and frustration. Seizures do not. Seizures can occur at any age. The client may or not be febrile. Depending upon how long a seizure lasts, cyanosis can occur.
