GSR615

Which of the following is the fourth section of a typical research report? a: conclusion b: introduction c: results d: method

results

What is the first step in the process of research? a: identifying a research problem b: reviewing the literature c: interpreting the research d: specifying a purpose

identifying a research problem

Bernie does an in depth investigation into an individual identified with narcissistic personality disorder. The end product is called, what? a: narrative b: case study c: themes d: results

case study

During what step of the research process do researchers consider the limitation of their study? a: analyzing data b: describing methods c: drawing conclusions d: reporting results

drawing conclusions

Suppose you read the following statement in an introduction: "School counselors who work with homeless children will be able to better attend to their needs with this understanding." This is an example of which element of a statement of a problem passage? a: Audience b: Deficiency in knowledge c: Justifying the research problem d: Research problem

Audience

Which is the last element typically found in a "statement of the problem" passage of a research study. a: Deficiencies of past research or practical knowledge b: The topic c: The research problem d: Audience

Audience

Which of the following describes the major intention of choosing a survey design? a. Establish a cause-and-effect relationship b. Measure the impact of a treatment on an outcome c. Describe characteristics of a population d. Make predictions based on the relationship between two variables

Describe characteristics of a population

One way researchers use their literature review is to a. Giving credit to other authors. b. Respond to previous research. c. Document what is and is not known. d. Identifying future research ideas.

Document what is and is not known.

Which of the following is a characteristic of quantitative research problems? a: Discovering how a process unfolds b: Uncovering the meaning of a phenomenon c: Explaining the effect of a treatment d: Telling the stories of individuals' lives

Explaining the effect of a treatment

A good review of the literature provides important background information for researchers about a. How best to do the research. b. Who wrote the research. c. The number of times research has been published. d. Where the research came from.

How best to do the research

Step one in reviewing literature is a. using search strategies to locate literature. b. Identifying Key Terms. c. selecting relevant documents of good quality. d. taking notes on key aspects of selected documents.

Identifying Key Terms

Which is the first step in the process of conducting a literature review? a. Identifying key terms to use in a search b. Reading the literature, checking it for relevance, and taking notes c. Organizing the literature with a literature map d. Locating the literature about a topic

Identifying key terms to use in a search

Which of the following describes the major intention of choosing a true experimental design? a. Measure the association between the treatment variable and the outcome b. Provide evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between the treatment variable and outcome c. To quantitatively describe the different levels of a treatment variable d. To describe the process of implementing a treatment variable

Provide evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between the treatment variable and outcome

One way researchers use their literature review is to a. Giving credit to other authors. b. Respond to previous research. c. Provide justification for the problem. d. Identifying future research ideas.

Provide justification for the problem

One way researchers use their literature review is to a. Giving credit to other authors. b. Respond to previous research. c. Provide models for the methods and procedures. d. Identifying future research ideas.

Provide models for the methods and procedures.

Indicate whether the following research purpose is a quantitative or qualitative (or both or neither) approach. "Explores topic in an open, comprehensive way" a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Qualitative

Indicate whether the following research purpose is a quantitative or qualitative (or both or neither) approach. "In response to a problem that calls for exploration" a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Qualitative

Which choice best represented the type of Research Problem calling for: Investigating how a process unfolds a: Quantitative b: Qualitative c: Both d: Neither

Qualitative

Which type of research is best represented by: "Compares results to other past studies to support or modify existing ideas and practices". a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Qualitative

Which type of research is best represented by: "Is used throughout the report as new ideas or perspectives emerge". a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Qualitative

The use of literature is more informative and dynamic in a. Qualitative research. b. Quantitative Research. c. Longitudinal research. d. Applied Research.

Qualitative research.

Which of the choices is the best label for the following statement "This study is to explore counselors' stories of developing cultural awareness in one urban support clinic." a. Qualitative study purpose b. Quantitative study purpose c. Qualitative study hypothesis d. Quantitative study hypothesis

Qualitative study purpose

Which of the choices is the best label for the following "How do counselors experience cultural awareness?" a. Qualitative study purpose question b. Quantitative study purpose question c. Qualitative study research question d. Quantitative study research question

Qualitative study research question

Indicate whether the following research purpose is a quantitative or qualitative (or both or neither) approach. "Examines topic in a certain planned way" a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Quantitative

Indicate whether the following research purpose is a quantitative or qualitative (or both or neither) approach. "In response to a problem that calls for explanation" a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Quantitative

Which choice best represented the type of Research Problem calling for: Explaining trends for variables in a large group a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Quantitative

Which type of research is best represented by: "Compares results to the predictions". a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Quantitative

Which type of research is best represented by: "Provides a rationale for the study's purpose". a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Quantitative

The use of literature is more prescriptive and static in a. Qualitative research. b. Quantitative Research. c. Longitudinal research. d. Applied Research.

Quantitative Research

Which of the choices is the best label for the following "Counselors who complete a program about cultural awareness will have higher client satisfaction than those who do not complete the program." a. Qualitative study purpose b. Quantitative study purpose c. Qualitative study hypothesis d. Quantitative study hypothesis

Quantitative study hypothesis

Which of the choices is the best label for the following statement "This study will examine the relationship between cultural awareness and client satisfaction for counselors working in an urban setting." a. Qualitative study purpose b. Quantitative study purpose c. Qualitative study hypothesis d. Quantitative study hypothesis

Quantitative study purpose

Which of the choices is the best label for the following "Is counselors' cultural awareness related to client satisfaction with their clinic experience?" a. Qualitative study purpose question b. Quantitative study purpose question c. Qualitative study research question d. Quantitative study research question

Quantitative study research question

Given the following characteristic(s): "One of two intact groups has an intervention", Which design type would most appropriate? a. True Experiment b. Quasi-Experiment c. Single Subject d. pre-experiment

Quasi-Experiment

Given the following characteristic(s): "The study examines differences for existing groups". Which design type would most appropriate? a. True Experiment b. Quasi-Experiment c. Single Subject d. Pre-Experiment

Quasi-Experiment

Given the purpose: "To test the impact of an intervention using two intact groups". Which design type would most appropriate? a. True Experiment b. Quasi-Experiment c. Single Subject d. Correlational e. Survey

Quasi-Experiment

Which of the following should be present to have a quality cause and effect research report? a. A design b. Procedures c. Random assignment d. Random sampling e. Statistical analysis

Random assignment

Researcher Harry writes the name of each participant in a research project on a small card. He puts all of the cards in a large pot. He shakes up the pot contents. He then starts taking one card at a time from the pot without looking to help him decide who gets which of two methods in his study. He is trying to use a. Random assignment. b. Random selection. c. Random sampling. d. Random procedures.

Random assignment.

Which one of the characteristics below best distinguishes Experimental research from Non-experimental research? a. Random assignment. b. Random selection. c. Random sampling. d. Random procedures.

Random assignment.

Which of the choices is the best ending for the following statement "The specific topic(s) of interest are the study's a. framework." b. overall intent." c. setting." d. focus."

focus."

A qualitative approach in which the researcher focuses on how an individual derived theory about a phenomenon is grounded in the data in a particular setting. a: narrative b: case study c: grounded theory d: ethnography

grounded theory

Mike writes: "Lack of physical activity contributes to rising obesity, risk for several chronic diseases, and death..." This is an example of a problem that a. is a major concern b. affects the lives of many individuals c. has serious consequences d. is a current issue for practitioners

has serious consequences

One way researchers use their literature review is to a. Giving credit to other authors. b. Respond to previous research. c. interpret results. d. Identifying future research ideas.

interpret results.

Which of the following steps of the research process is usually reported in the conclusion section of a research report? a: analyzing data and reporting results b: reviewing the literature c: interpreting the research d: selecting a design and collecting data

interpreting the research

Which of the following is the second section of a typical research report? a: conclusion b: results c: method d: introduction

introduction

Luis writes: "In particular, the career development of African American adolescents has been of major concern in light of literature delineating numerous challenges that affect their personal, educational, and career development..." This is an example of a problem that a. is a major concern b. affects the lives of many individuals c. has serious consequences d. is a current issue for practitioners

is a major concern

Which source of information is considered the best when reading about research about a specific topic? a: study reports posted to websites b: papers presented at conferences c: dissertations d: journal articles

journal articles

What do researchers use as background information to plan their studies and to interpret the results at the end of the study? a: personal experiences b: standards of practice c: historical d: literature review

literature review

This part of the research report includes: the overall design, selection of participants, data collection, and analyses plans. a: front matter b: introduction c: methods d: results

methods

Which of the following choices best categories "John describes a special "Get Active!" program used at one preschool school."? a: fiction writing b: opinion c: program description d: theoretical discussion

program description

Which of the following is best represented by the following: Collect data from a small number of individuals? a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

qualitative

Which of the following is best represented by the following: Collect data in the form of words or images? a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

qualitative

Which of the following is best represented by the following: Include personal reflections? a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

qualitative

Which of the following is represented by "The data include text and images gathered from a small number of individuals or sites?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

qualitative

Which of the following is represented by "The purpose is general and broad; the researcher asks open-ended research questions about a phenomenon?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

qualitative

Which of the following is represented by "The results are interpreted in terms of their overall meaning?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

qualitative

Gary is doing a research study on how college freshman feel about their living situations on campus. He uses responses verbatim to make it easier for him to get an understanding. Gary's research is , what kind? a: problem-based research b: combined research c: qualitative research d: quantitative research

qualitative research

Which of the following is best represented by the following: Collect data using predetermined instruments? a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

quantitative

Which of the following is best represented by the following: Use statistical analysis? a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

quantitative

Which of the following is represented by "Statistical and graphical analysis of the data is used to compare groups, relative variable, anddestcribe trends?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

quantitative

Which of the following is represented by "The literature plays mostly a static and perspective role in the study?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

quantitative

Which of the following is represented by "The research problem calls for an explanations?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

quantitative

Which of the following is represented by "The research problem calls for measuring trends?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

quantitative

Which of the following is represented by "the purpose is specific and narrow; the researcher asks questions and states hypotheses about variables?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

quantitative

One of the reasons why research studies are needed is to a: enhance a reputation. b: to include voices that have been previously excluded. c: get promotions. d: retain a job

to include voices that have been previously excluded.

One of the reasons why research studies are needed is to a: enhance a reputation. b: to replace past results. c: get promotions. d: retain a job.

to replace past results

Step two in reviewing literature is a. using search strategies to locate literature. b. Identifying Key Terms. c. selecting relevant documents of good quality. d. taking notes on key aspects of selected documents

using search strategies to locate literature.

Masculinity is which of the following? a. An attribute b. A desire c. A belief d. A feeling

An attribute

Race probably represents which of the following? a. Control variable b. Dependent variable c. Manipulated variable d. Iconic variable

Control variable

One way researchers use their literature review is to a. Giving credit to other authors. b. Respond to previous research. c. Identify the theory or framework behind a study. d. Identifying future research ideas.

Identify the theory or framework behind a study.

Which of the following is most likely to provide quality peer-reviewed research? a. Books b. Conference papers c. Dissertations d. Journals

Journals

Which of the following is peer-reviewed? a. Dissertations b. Literature Reviews c. Handbooks d. Encyclopedias

Literature Reviews

Which of the following is represented by "The report and evaluation uses a standard and fixed format; the research is objective and impersonal?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

quantitative

Which of the following is the third section of a typical research report? a: conclusion b: introduction c: method d: results

method

In what section would you find the details of the study's research design? a: methods b: data collection c: sampling strategy d: data analysis

methods

Which of the choices is the best ending for the following statement "What the researchers want to learn about the specific topic is the a. framework." b. overall intent." c. setting." d. focus."

overall intent."

Which of the choices is the best ending for the following statement "The people or organizations to be examined in the study are the a. participants." b. general intent." c. setting." d. focus."

participants."

The literature review in the beginning of a quantitative study helps to a. establish the central role of literature in the study. b. reduce the role of the literature in the study. c. specify the variables that are important in the study. d. predict the results in the study.

pecify the variables that are important in the study.

What are evidence-based practices? a: practices that are part of establishing training programs b: practices that have been shown to be effective through research c: practices that follow establishing guidelines and policies d: practices that are based on national standards

practices that have been shown to be effective through research

One step to synthesizing literature is a. provide conclusions. b. organizing authors. c. only using peer-reviewed materials. d. introduce each topic

provide conclusions

Which of the following is represented by "The literature plays most;ty a dynamic and informative role in the study?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

qualitative

Which of the following is represented by "The reports uses a flexible and emerging format; the researcher is subjective and reflexive?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

qualitative

Which of the following is best represented by the following: Compare groups in terms of a variable? a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

quantitative

Which of the following is represented by "The results are compared with predictions and past studies?" a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

quantitative

Natalie is conducting research that will result in numerical scores on cognitive, academic, and behavior assessments. She is conducting, what kind of research? a: quantitative research b: qualitative research c: combined research d: problem-based research

quantitative research

Which group of words would indicate a quantitative study? a: case study, grounded theory b: interview, focus group, field notes c: questionnaire, comparaisons d: Content analysis, perspectives

questionnaire, comparaisons

A term used to describe the relationship between two variables, no matter negative or positive. a: integrated b: related to c: themes d: results

related to

Which of the following choices best categories "Mary collected and analyzed data about daily time spent being physically active for children in preschool?" a: literature review b: program description c: theoretical discussion d: research

research

This part of the research report includes: detailed results obtained from the appropriate analysis of the data and provides answers to the study's research questions. a: front matter b: introduction c: methods d: results

results

Which of the following steps of the research process is usually reported in the Methods section of a research report? a: specifying a purpose b: identifying a research problem c: interpreting the research d: selecting a design and collecting data

selecting a design and collecting data

Qwen, a preschool teacher, has created a detailed plan with respect to how she will carry out her study. In which of the following researchers process steps is Qwen engaged? a: identifying a research problem b: summarizing sources c: specifying a purpose d: selecting an overall approach for the study

selecting an overall approach for the study

Which of the choices is the best ending for the following statement "Where the study takes place is the a. participants." b. general intent." c. setting." d. focus."

setting."

Which of the following steps in the research process is usually reported in the introduction section of the a research report? a: selecting a design and collecting data b: analyzing data and reporting results c: interpreting the research d: specifying a purpose

specifying a purpose

Which step sets the direction and goals for a research study? a: research questions b: generating hypotheses c: specifying a purpose d: selecting the research design

specifying a purpose

One step to synthesizing literature is a. summarize major themes. b. organizing authors. c. only using peer-reviewed materials. d. introduce each topic.

summarize major themes.

Qwen, a preschool teacher, has decided on a research topic for her Elements of Research class project. She wants to find out information relevant the topic. She does a Google search and critically selects some of the sources of information to find out more. In which of the following research process steps is Qwen engaged? a: identifying a research problem b: summarizing sources c: specifying a purpose d: selecting an overall approach for the study

summarizing sources

Kellie Jo wishes to find out current trends in the population of female school principals. To do this she would probably use a(n)? a: focus group b: multiple linear regression c: survey d:interview

survey

Information gotten from an inductive content analysis that relates directly to the study being conducted. a: narrative b: case study c: themes d: results

themes

Which of the following choices best categories "Sally developed a model of the factors believed to encourage and. discourage preschool children to be physically active."? a: fiction writing b: research c: opinion d: theoretical discussion

theoretical discussion

One of the reasons why research studies are conducted is a: there is an issue, concern, or controversy b: the research is easy to do c: there aren't enough studies d: None of the above

there is an issue, concern, or controversy

A researcher repeatedly pretests a group until scores are consistent, then administers a treatment. After the treatment, the group is repeatedly post-tested. This is an example of a a. nonequivalent groups design.. b. time-series design. c. counterbalanced design. d. multiple-series design.

time-series design.

Which of the following best represents why we do research? a: to answer questions b: to carry out a process of steps c: to improve our procedures d: to collect and analyze information

to answer questions

When quoting someone else's work, it would be most important to a. use quotation marks b. change the wording c. paraphrase the idea d. use an in-text reference

use an in-text reference

Biological sex (male and female) is which of the following? a. A characteristic b. An ordering c. A title d. A name

A characteristic

Level of satisfaction expressed as a score from 10 -50 is which of the following? a. A nominal variable b. An ordinal variable c. A continuous variable d. A categorical variable

A continuous variable

Test performance expressed as a percentage is which of the following? a. A nominal variable b. An ordinal variable c. A continuous variable d. A categorical variable

A continuous variable

Which of the following are characteristics of a single-subject research study? a. The intervention is given one time b. Individuals assigned to groups one-by-one c. A narrow research topic d. Sophisticated statistical analyses

A narrow research topic

Biological sex (male and female) is which of the following? a. A nominal variable b. An ordinal variable c. A continuous variable d. A categorical variable

A nominal variable

Political party is which of the following? a. A nominal variable b. An ordinal variable c. A continuous variable d. A categorical variable

A nominal variable

A survey research design study might also be called... a. An intervention trial b. A multiple baseline design c. A population study d. A randomized control trial (RCT)

A population study

Which of the following statements makes clear that there is a problem that needs to be addressed by research? a: A problem that is a minor concern b: A problem that affects the lives of a few individuals c: A problem that has mild consequences d: A problem that arises from conflicting evidence in the literature

A problem that arises from conflicting evidence in the literature

Which of the following best represents a central phenomenon in qualitative research? a. The age of the participant b. A single concept c. Stages in adolescent development d. Measures of self-esteem

A single concept

Biological sex (male and female) is which of the following? a. A variable b. A dimension c. An index d. A relationship

A variable

Variables which get in the way of research because they may not know that they should be measured are labeled which of the following? a. Confounding variables b. Control variables c. Marginal variables d. Atopic variables

Confounding variables

What do we call signposts that writers use to designate the topics and sub-topics within a written document? a. Literature map b. Heading c. In-text references d. End-of-text references

Headings

Which of these factors would be a sign of a lower quality literature review? a. It contains sources from a variety of historical periods. b. It includes predominantly original sources. c. Sources have been peer-reviewed. d. Sources represent a variety of well-known publications,

It contains sources from a variety of historical periods

Which of the following statements explains why a large number of participants is important in survey research? a. It makes it more likely that the results will apply to the population b. It gives evidence that the researcher used a good measure c. It makes it more likely that one variable caused an effect in another variable d. It indicates that the researcher put in sufficient effort

It makes it more likely that the results will apply to the population

Prior to starting her research, Brianna collected other articles pointing the same direction as hers. She used this other research as, what? a. Purpose b. Justifying the Research Problem c. Topic d. Research Problem

Justifying the Research Problem

You are reading a study in which the author writes: "One group of students receives instruction with small-group discussions (level 1) and the other group receives traditional lecture-style instruction (level 2)." The quote represents which of the following? a. Manipulated variable b. Measured variable c. Confounding variable d. Control variable

Manipulated variable

Personality type probably represents which of the following? a. Measured variable b. Treatment variable c. Independent variable d. Iconic variable

Measured variable

Test scores probably represent which of the following? a. Measured variable b. Dependent variable c. Independent variable d. Iconic variable

Measured variable

Indicate whether the following characteristic of the research question is a central question or a sub-question (or both or neither). "Often begins with the word 'associated' or 'relationship'" a. Central Questions b. Sub-Questions c. Both d. Neither

Neither

Which statement best describes the research problem? a: What the study is about b: What the author intends to do c: The issue or concern being addressed d: The reason the study is important

The issue or concern being addressed

A researcher introduces the central idea in the title and the opening paragraph of a published study. This idea is called: a: The big idea b: The central phenomenon c: The key variable d: The research topic

The research topic

Which is the first element typically found in a "statement of the problem" passage of a research study. a: Audience b: The research problem c: The topic d: Deficiencies of past research or practical knowledge

The topic

Which one of the characteristics below best distinguishes quasi-experimental research from correlational research? a. The measurement of variables b. The use of association statistics c. The use of an intervention d. The use of random selection

The use of an intervention

In a paper about school climate, Brad separates his literature review into categories of: Bullying, Student-Teacher relationships, and Teacher-Teacher relationships. This example provides citations to the literature to document the major results from studies about this theme without providing the details of any single study? a. Thematic review of the literature b. Study-by-study review of the literature c. End-of-text reference d. In-text reference

Thematic review of the literature

An explanation or prediction for the relationship between two or more variables in quantitative research is called a a. Theory b. Variable c. Hunch d. Framework

Theory

Examine the following quantitative research question: "Do fourth grade students who collaborate in groups of three or four in an initial testing situation retain information better than those who were given an individual spelling test?" What is the independent variable? a. Amount of information retained b. Type of testing situation c. Number of words spelled correctly d. Grade level

Type of testing situation

A researcher seeks to study the factors that contribute to binge drinking on college campuses. Which of the following would be considered a good research problem for this study? a: When students binge drink at fraternity parties, they often humiliate and demean women attending the parties. b: The purpose of the study is to examine the factors that contribute to binge drinking on one Midwestern university campus c: What are the factors that contribute to binge drinking on a Midwestern college campus? d: Binge drinking occurs on many college campuses, and it is a popular pastime at many social events

When students binge drink at fraternity parties, they often humiliate and demean women attending the parties.

In quantitive research, the research problems tends to call for? a: a measurement of trends in a population b: an exploration because little is known about the problem c: a detailed description and understanding of a phenomenon d: a discussion of the direction of the study

a measurement of trends in a population

Marissa types: "'I think the WorldCom and Enron scandals point to the need for character in our business schools. If the driver at the helm is unethical, so shall the crew be'-Comments of an MBA student at a large U.S. university." This is an example of generating interest using a. statistical data b. a provocative question c. a clear need for research d. a powerful quote

a powerful quote

Courtney types: "What is good fathering?" This is an example of generating interest using a. statistical data b. a provocative question c. a clear need for research d. a powerful quote

a provocative question

In quantitative research, the research problems tend to call for? a: an explanation of the relationships that exist among variables b: an expiration because little is known about the problem c: a detailed description and understanding of a phenomenon d: a discussion of the direction of he study

an explanation of the relationships that exist among variables

In which section would you find a list of references cited within the study report? a: back matter b: literature review c: appendices d: discussion

back matter

Which of the following is best represented by the following: Report results? a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

both

Which of the following is best represented by the following: Select a research design that matches the study's purpose? a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

both

Which type of research is best represented by: "Documents the importance of the research problem". a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

both

Which two steps are distinguishing feature of formal research? a: asking a research question and collecting data b: gaining IRB approval and analyzing data c: analyzing data and submitting the results for publication d: collection of data and data analysis

collection of data and data analysis

Which of the following is the fifth section of a typical research report? a: conclusion b: introduction c: results d: method

conclusion

In what section would you find the answer to the research question? a: introduction b: results c: abstract d: discussion

discussion

What is the last step in the process of research? a: selecting a design and collecting data b: disseminating and evaluating research c: analyzing data and reporting results d: interpreting the research

disseminating and evaluating research

One step to synthesizing literature is a. document the sources with citations. b. organizing authors. c. only using peer-reviewed materials. d. introduce each topic.

document the sources with citations.

Brian is curious about how coffee affects student performance on a test. He uses one group of students that doesn't get coffee before the test and one group students who get one cup of coffee before the test. Brian is using, what? a: experiment b: survey c: action research d: correlation

experiment

Information gotten from an inductive content analysis analysis that relates directly to the study being conducted. a: experiment b: focus group c: case study d: ethnography

focus group

Which of the choices is the best ending for the following statement "The theory or conceptual model that guides the researchers' perspectives is the a. framework." b. overall intent." c. setting." d. focus."

framework."

This part of the research report includes: the authors and journal names. a: front matter b: introduction c: methods d: results

front matter

Which of the following is he most important task when specifying the purpose of a research study? a: Specify the research question to be answered b: stating the hypothesis to be tested c: indicating the major focus of the study d: noting the participants of the study

indicating the major focus of the study

In what section would you typically find the research question? a: abstract b: introduction c: methods d: purpose statement

introduction

This part of the research report includes: a strong argument that the study is needed, is based on existing knowledge, and has an appropriate purpose. a: front matter b: introduction c: methods d: results

introduction

What is a research design? a. Plan for determining the purpose of a research study b. The steps of the research process c. A type of strategy in quantitative/qualitative research d. Procedures for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data

Procedures for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data

Which of the following is peer-reviewed? a. Dissertations b. Research Reports c. Handbooks d. Encyclopedias

Research Reports

If Rosie cites Dr. Fairchild's paper but Dr. Fairchild did not in fact do the research herself, she is using a, what? a. Philosophical Perspective b. Social Justice Stance c. Original Sources d. Secondary Sources

Secondary Sources

Which of the following is a difference between a correlational study and a quasi-experiment? a. Use of two (or more) groups for comparison b. Use of statistical comparisons c. Measurement of variables d. Use of graphical plots to examine the results

Use of two (or more) groups for comparison

Which of the following is best represented by the following: Develop description? a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

both

Manfred decides to look at the effects of biological sex, first child vs. second child, and two different English curriculums. He plans to use class from a junior high school. Which type of research is Manfred attempting to use? a. Multiple subject b. Time series c. Pre-test post-test d. Factorial

Factorial

What is a confounding variable? a. A variable that cannot be easily explained b. A variable that cannot or may not be directly measured c. A variable that contradicts what one expects to find d. A variable that describes an outcome

A variable that cannot or may not be directly measured

This part of the research report includes: the supplemental information that supports specific points in the report. a: front matter b: conclusion c: back matter d: results

back matter

Grade level in school is which of the following? a. A nominal variable b. An ordinal variable c. A continuous variable d. A categorical variable

An ordinal variable

Indicate whether the following characteristic of the research question is a central question or a sub-question (or both or neither). "Usually brief and very general" a. Central Questions b. Sub-Questions c. Both d. Neither

Central Questions

Examine the following purpose statement and research questions in a qualitative study: "This article examines the teaching of science and the particular difficulties elementary science teachers may have in science classrooms. To do this, we analyzed the practices of a second-year science teacher, Jane Smith, to answer the following questions: (a) how does she teach science? (b) what concepts of science does she bring to the classroom? (c) what is the process of activities in her room?" Which is the central question that this study addresses? a. How does Jane teach science? b. What concepts of science does Jane bring to the classroom? c. What is the process of activities in Jane's room? d. All of the above

How does Jane teach science?

Which choice best represented the type of Research Problem calling for: Measuring how groups differ in terms of variables a: Quantitative b: Qualitative c: Both d: Neither

Quantitative

Which choice best represented the type of Research Problem calling for: Predicting relationships among variables a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Quantitative

Which characteristic below distinguishes a quantitative research question from a research hypothesis? a. One is a purpose of the study and the other is a question b. One is a question and the other is a prediction c. One is a question and the other is an exclamation d. One is objective and the other is subjective

One is a question and the other is a prediction

Which would be the least compelling source to justify the importance of the statement of the problem? a: Opinions of colleagues b: Personal experiences in the field c: Scholarly evidence from the literature d: Need for improved practices

Opinions of colleagues

Which is the first step in synthesizing literature and writing a literature review? a. Organize the literature into themes b. Provide conclusions about the review c. Document the sources with citations to the literature d. Summarize the major themes

Organize the literature into themes

One step to synthesizing literature is a. Organizing the literature into themes. b. organizing authors. c. only using peer-reviewed materials. d. introduce each topic.

Organizing the literature into themes.

Which of the following is peer-reviewed? a. Dissertations b. Theoretical Discussions c. Handbooks d. Encyclopedias

Theoretical Discussions

To further justify her research, Beth provides a statement that explains and predicts the probable outcome of her study. This statement is the, what? a. Philosophical Perspective b. Theory c. Original Sources d. Secondary Sources

Theory

Why do authors write a statement of the problem passage as part of the introduction to their research reports? a: To satisfy the demands of different audiences b: To fulfill a requirement to get an article published c: To present arguments for the importance of the study d: To clearly state the study's purpose

To present arguments for the importance of the study

One approach to writing citations in APA style is a. in-text references. b. printing resources. c. including the title of the resource. d. summarizing the source.

in-text references

Which of the following must be present to have a quality research study? a. An appropriate design b. Appropriate manipulations c. Correct variables d. Selected groups e. The right people

An appropriate design

Socio-economic status probably represents which of the following? a. Control variable b. Dependent variable c. Manipulated variable d. Iconic variable

Control variable

What is another name for an outcome variable? a. Dependent variable b. Independent variable c. Predictor variable d. Treatment variable

Dependent variable

A research problem is: a: An issue, concern, or controversy b: A problem that needs to be anticipated by the researcher c: An important passage that begins a study d: The question being addressed in a study

An issue, concern, or controversy

Freshman(1), Sophomore(2), Junior(3), and Senior(4) is which of the following? a. A nominal variable b. An ordinal variable c. A continuous variable d. A categorical variable

An ordinal variable

Which of the following is a high quality indicator of a literature review? a. the review includes only a small number of sources, some of which do not seem related to the study's topic. b. Important subtopics are missing from the reviewed literature c. Citations are provided as support for all ideas drawn from the literature. d. The researcher only summarizes the literature without offering critical commentary about it.

Citations are provided as support for all ideas drawn from the literature.

Why would a researcher mention the audience in a "statement of the problem" passage of a study? a: Because members of the audience need to see the study's relevance b: Because members of the audience need to use the study c: Because members of the audience will vote to publish the study d: Because members of the audience will participate in the study

Because members of the audience need to see the study's relevance

Identify the central phenomenon in this qualitative purpose statement. "What meaning do boys in junior high ascribe to being overweight?" a. Boys b. Junior high c. Meaning d. Being overweight

Being overweight

Indicate whether the following characteristic of the research question is a central question or a sub-question (or both or neither). "Signals the need for an exploration" a. Central Questions b. Sub-Questions c. Both d. Neither

Both

Which type of research is best represented by: "Substantiates the research problem". a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Both

Variables which get in the way of research because their effects cannot be easily separated from those of other variables are represented by which of the following labels? a. Confounding variables b. Control variables c. Marginal variables d. Atopic variables

Confounding variables

Given the purpose: "To assess the relationships among variables for a single group". Which design type would most appropriate? a. True Experiment b. Quasi-Experiment c. Single Subject d. Correlational e. Survey

Correlational

Usually conducted in a public school, Natalie decides to look at social emotional learning in private schools. This research has not been done in this setting, making it a, what, in the current research? a. Deficiencies b. Statement of the Problem c. Topic d. Research Problem

Deficiencies

Suppose you read the following statement in an introduction: "No previous research on this topic has included the voices of individuals who are currently homeless." This is an example of which element of a statement of a problem passage? a: Audience b: Justifying the research problem c: Deficiency in knowledge d: Research problem

Deficiency in knowledge

Given the following: "A -> B", B is which of the following? a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable c. Confounding variable d. Predictor variable

Dependent variable

Which of the following is a high quality indicator of a literature review? a. the review includes only a small number of sources, some of which do not seem related to the study's topic. b. there is a lack of connection between the literature and the study's problem, purpose, approach, methods, and interpretations. c. Important subtopics are included in the reviewed literature. d. Not all ideas drawn from the literature are supported with citations.

Important subtopics are included in the reviewed literature.

As you examine a published research report, you will find the research problem located a: In the method section of a study b: Throughout a study c: In the first sentence of a study d: In the introduction to the study

In the introduction to the study

Given the following: "A -> B", A is which of the following? a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable c. Confounding variable d. Outcome variable

Independent variable

The use of the literature in a qualitative study tends to differ from its use in a quantitative study in what way? a. It has more value or quality to it b. It has more citations to qualitative studies c. It has fewer references to the literature d. It justifies the importance of the problem

It has fewer references to the literature

Indicate whether the following research purpose is a quantitative or qualitative (or both or neither) approach. "Encompasses in a narrow, passionate way" a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Both d. Neither

Neither

Suppose I read a research article which contained a really good idea. I then do some research and write my article using the idea. Is this plagiarism? a. Yes because I used someone else's idea. b. Yes because I applied someone else's idea in my research. c. No because I did not present someone else's idea and writing as my own. d. No because I did my own research.

No because I did not present someone else's idea and writing as my own.

Which one of the characteristics below best distinguishes Multiple baseline research from Descriptive research? a. Variable associations. b. Group differences. c. Intervention. d. Number of participants

Number of participants

Given the following: "A -> B", B is which of the following? a. Independent variable b. Outcome variable c. Confounding variable d. Control variable

Outcome variable

Greg uses information from Dr. Bingam's research article but claims the information as his own rather an giving credit to Dr. Bingam. This is an example of a. Thematic review of the literature. b. In-text references. c. Study-by-study review of the literature. d. Plagiarize.

Plagiarize.

Given the following: "A -> B", A is which of the following? a. Predictor variable b. Predicted variable c. Confounding variable d. Control variable

Predictor variable

Given the following characteristic: "The study has an intervention with one group." Which design type would most appropriate? a. True Experiment b. Quasi-Experiment c. Multi-person d. Pretest-Posttest

Pretest-Posttest

Which of the following describes the major intention of choosing a correlational design? a. To provide evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables b. To descriptively describe more than one variable c. To measure the association between two variables d. To compare two groups

To measure the association between two variables

Given the following characteristic(s): "No groups are used". Which design type would most appropriate? a. True Experiment b. Quasi-Experiment c. Single Subject d. Pre-Experiment

Single Subject

Given the purpose: "To test the impact of an intervention for an individual". Which design type would most appropriate? a. True Experiment b. Quasi-Experiment c. Single Subject d. Correlational e. Survey

Single Subject

Maria uses examples of racial stereotyping as motivation for her research. This is an example of, what? a. Philosophical Perspective b. Social Justice Stance c. Original Sources d. Secondary Sources

Social Justice Stance

Examine the following quantitative purpose statement: "The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of student self-esteem on social interaction for junior high students in one metropolitan school district." What is the dependent variable? a. Social interaction b. Self-esteem c. Metropolitan school district d. Junior high students

Social interaction

A researcher randomly assigns participants into four groups. Only two of the groups are given a pretest. Then the researcher assigns a treatment to one of the pretested groups and one of the groups not pretested. At the end of the treatment, all four groups are given a posttest. This is an example of a/an a. one-group pretest-posttest design. b. pretest-posttest group design. c. posttest-only group design. d. Solomon four-group design.

Solomon four-group design.

What do we call a passage that researchers write into the Introduction of their studies that conveys the importance of a report by addressing: the topic, the research problem, evidence for the importance of the problem, deficiencies in the knowledge about the problem, and the audiences that will benefit from a study of the problem? a. Statement of the problem b. Audience c. Topic d. Qualitative research

Statement of the problem

Indicate whether the following characteristic of the research question is a central question or a sub-question (or both or neither). "May use an advocacy approach" a. Central Questions b. Sub-Questions c. Both d. Neither

Sub-Questions

Given the purpose: "To describe trends in a large group". Which design type would most appropriate? a. True Experiment b. Quasi-Experiment c. Single Subject d. Correlational e. Survey

Survey

Which of the following is a difference between true experiments and quasi-experiments? a. Use of statistical comparisons b. Measurement of an outcome c. Use of a treatment d. The assignment method of participants to groups

The assignment method of participants to groups

Which of the following best describes the conclusions that can be drawn from a quasi-experiment? a. The researcher can make moderate claims that one variable causes an effect in another b. The researcher can make strong claims that the results will apply to the general population c. The researcher can make strong claims that one variable causes an effect in another d. The researcher can make no claims about one variable causing an effect in another

The researcher can make moderate claims that one variable causes an effect in another

. Which of the following is a high quality indicator of a literature review? a. the review includes only a small number of sources, some of which do not seem related to the study's topic. b. Important subtopics are missing from the reviewed literature c. The review is comprehensive including numerous sources that clearly relate to the study's topic. d. Not all ideas drawn from the literature are supported with citations

The review is comprehensive including numerous sources that clearly relate to the study's topic.

Which one of the characteristics below best distinguishes Experimental research from Non-experimental research? a. The measurement of variables b. The use of association statistics c. The use of an intervention d. The use of random assignment

The use of random assignment

Which one of the characteristics below best distinguishes quasi-experimental research from True-experimental research? a. The measurement of variables b. The use of association statistics c. The use of a post-test d. The use of random assignment

The use of random assignment

Why do researchers use theories in quantitative research? a. They prove which variables influence an outcome b. They eliminate confounding variables c. They indicate the probable relationships among variables d. They indicate the study's overall purpose

They indicate the probable relationships among variables

Which of the following describes the purpose for using random assignment of participants to treatment conditions? a. To control for confounding variables b. To facilitate the use of outcome measures c. To measure extra variables that may be important d. To allow for generalizations to be made to the population

To control for confounding variables

Why are groups compared in an experiment? a. To isolate whether the treatment affects the outcome b. Because they differ in important characteristics c. To identify if the groups statistically differ d. To eliminate whether groups have different experiences

To isolate whether the treatment affects the outcome

Which of the following statements would NOT be a reason for studying a research problem? a: To fill a gap in the existing literature b: To maintain current practices c: To replicate past results with different participants/sites d: To learn from people whose voices have not been heard

To maintain current practices

Maria, a School Psychology Doctoral student, decided her area of interest is social emotional learning (SEL) in elementary school students. In her dissertation, SEL would be the, what? a. Topic b. Audience c. Statement of the problem d. Combined research

Topic

You are reading a study in which the author writes: "One group of students receives instruction with small-group discussions (level 1) and the other group receives traditional lecture-style instruction (level 2)." The quote represents which of the following? a. Treatment variable b. Measured variable c. Confounding variable d. Control variable

Treatment variable

Given the following characteristic(s): "Individuals are randomly assigned to a treatment". Which design type would most appropriate? a. True Experiment b. Quasi-Experiment c. Single Subject d. Pre-Experiment

True Experiment

Given the purpose: "To establish strong claims about the effect caused by an intervention". Which design type would most appropriate? a. True Experiment b. Quasi-Experiment c. Single Subject d. Correlational e. Survey

True Experiment

Which quantitative research design is considered the gold standard? a. Survey research design b. Quasi-experiment design c. True experiment design d. Correlational research design

True experiment design

Which of the following must be present to infer cause and effect? a. One design b. One intervention c. Two or more interventions d. Three or more groups e. Three or more variables

Two or more interventions

Which of the following must be present to describe variable relationships? a. One design b. One intervention c. Two or more interventions d. Two or more groups e. Two or more variables

Two or more variables

A good review of the literature provides important background information for researchers about a. What has been done. b. Who wrote the research. c. The number of times research has been published. d. Where the research came from.

What has been done.

A good review of the literature provides important background information for researchers about a. What still needs done. b. Who wrote the research. c. The number of times research has been published. d. Where the research came from.

What still needs done.

When examining a published journal article, which characteristics suggest that it is a quantitive study? a: ask broad, general questions b: explores individuals' perspective of a single concept c: analyzes data using mathematical procedures d: conducts the inquiry in a subjective and reflexive manner

analyzes data using mathematical procedures

Which of the following steps of the research process is usually reported in the results section of a research report? a: identifying a research problem b: disseminating and evaluating the research c: selecting a design and collecting data d: analyzing data and reporting results

analyzing data and reporting results

Which of the following is best represented by the following: Collect data to help answer the research question? a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

both

Which of the following is best represented by the following: Consider the larger meaning of the results? a: quantitative b: qualitative c: both d: neither

both

Given the following purpose statement: The purpose of this qualitative study is to describe the personality types of Latino urban high school students using a Rogerian approach. "Personality types" is the a. central phenomenon. b. participants c. research site. d. conceptual framework.

central phenomenon.

This part of the research report includes: thoughtful interpretations about the results and extends on existing knowledge and their limitations and implications. a: front matter b: conclusion c: back matter d: results

conclusion

The statistical method used to look at the relationship between two variables. Regression analysis. a: regression analysis b: correlation c: statistics d: grounded study

correlation

In what section would you find the study's results compared with results found in other published studies? a: literature review b: discussion c: results d: findings

discussion

Owen a preschool teacher, decided to present her research to a gathering of preschool teachers. In which of the following research process steps is Owen engaged? a: selecting participants b: making sense of the data c: drawing conclusions d: disseminating and evaluating research

disseminating and evaluating research

One approach to writing citations in APA style is a. end-of-text references. b. printing resources. c. including the title of the resource. d. summarizing the source.

end-of-text references.

Marcy was assigned a research article to read in her Biology class. As part of homework she was to write her ideas about how well the study was conducted. In which of the following was he engaged? a: annotated article b: answer questions about article c: evaluate article d: recommended article

evaluate article

Jon is trying to explain the relationships among 7 items. He believes that they all measure the same thing. what do we call the variable being used by Jon to try and explain the relationships. a: variable b: factor c: solution d: explanation

factor

A researcher uses a design that involves two or more independent variables. This is a a. factorial design. b. block design. c. single-variable design. d. descriptive design.

factorial design.

Which of the following choices best categories "Johann tells a story of three girls growing up and playing together on a volleyball team."? a: fiction writing b: opinion c: poetry d: research

fiction writing

One of the reasons why research studies are needed is to a: enhance a reputation. b: fill in knowledge gaps. c: get promotions. d: retain a job.

fill in knowledge gaps.

To apply research in your practical professional setting, you might a: examine what other practitioner are doing in they settings b: look to research the methods of professors in your courses c: to the educational library and begin to locate topics d: find out what research has to say by examining research studies

find out what research has to say by examining research studies

A "peer-reviewed journal" means which of the following: a: practitioners assess the usefulness of the implications of the study's results. b: difference audiences use different standards for judging the quality and utility of a research study c: researchers in the field independently evaluates the studies' quality of its literature, data collection and analysis, and results d: colleagues review studies prior to publication to make sure all steps in the research process have been followed

researchers in the field independently evaluates the studies' quality of its literature, data collection and analysis, and results

Step three in reviewing literature is a. using search strategies to locate literature. b. Identifying Key Terms. c. selecting relevant documents of good quality. d. taking notes on key aspects of selected documents.

selecting relevant documents of good quality

Quantitative studies usually have Purpose Statements which are a. broad. b. expeditious. c. general. d. specific.

specific.

Heather wants to know how all students at IUP feel about the food options on campus. To research all students, she sends out this instrument a: experiment b: survey c: case study d: ethnography

survey

Step four in reviewing literature is a. using search strategies to locate literature. b. Identifying Key Terms. c. selecting relevant documents of good quality. d. taking notes on key aspects of selected documents.

taking notes on key aspects of selected documents.

When qualitative researchers refer to the intent of the study as "emerging" they are referring to a. the new participants they will seek to interview. b. the changing nature of the central phenomenon. c. the gradual focusing of the research questions. d. the uncertain characteristic of what they are studying

the gradual focusing of the research questions.

Quantitative research is needed when a: the research problem calls for explanation b: the research problem calls for exploration c: the research problem calls for clarification d: the research problem calls for justification

the research problem calls for explanation

Qualitative research is needed when a: the research problem calls for explanation b: the research problem calls for exploration c: the research problem calls for clarification d: the research problem calls for justification

the research problem calls for exploration

When examining a published journal article, which characteristics suggests that it is a quantitative study? a: the problem is a current issues b: the report is written in friendly terms c: the researchers do not refer to themselves d: the author had firsthand experiences with the topic

the researchers do not refer to themselves

When selecting literature to review, one should consider if a. the source examines the same individuals or sites you want. b. the source has a certain number of references. c. the source is credible. d. the source is published.

the source examines the same individuals or sites you want.

When selecting literature to review, one should consider if a. the source examines the same research problem that concerns you. b. the source has a certain number of references. c. the source is credible. d. the source is published.

the source examines the same research problem that concerns you.

When selecting literature to review, one should consider if a. the source focuses on the same topic as yours. b. the source has a certain number of references. c. the source is credible. d. the source is published.

the source focuses on the same topic as yours.

Which factor listed below indicates a similarity between quantitative and qualitative research in the use of the literature? a: the amount of literature review included in a study b: The use of literature to support the need for research questions c: the use of literature to justify the research problem d: the use of literature to direct the study's purpose

the use of literature to justify the research problem

What is the primary reason to conduct a literature review? a: to avoid repeating a previous study and build on accumulated knowledge about the topic b: to learn about successful practices before designing the research c: to show expertise in the topic in order to build credibility with the reader d: to gain support from funding agencies who might invest in a research idea

to avoid repeating a previous study and build on accumulated knowledge about the topic

Which of the following used for scholarly writing would indicate research? a: To summarize and critique a collection of different writings about a topic b: to synthesize ideas about a topic into a framework of model that identifies key concepts and how they are related to each other c: to collect and analyze data in order to increase our knowledge about a topic or issue d: to provide a description of the features involved in the implementation of a particular program from the individuals who are running the program

to collect and analyze data in order to increase knowledge about a topic or issue

Which research purpose is best suited for qualitative research study? a: to understand trend among large groups of individuals or organizations b: to discover a theoretical model of emerging issues c: to describe the prevalence of specific concepts d: to assess whether and intervention causes desired outcomes

to discover a theoretical model of emerging issues

One of the reasons why research studies are needed is to a: enhance a reputation. b: to extend past results. c: get promotions. d: retain a job.

to extend past results.

One of the reasons why research studies are needed is to a: enhance a reputation. b: to improve practice. c: get promotions. d: retain a job.

to improve practice.