Gynecology structure 2020 215

During the secretory phase, the endometrial thickness typically ranges from:

7 mm to 14 mm

Which of the following would be the most likely sonographic appearance of a fibroid?

A solid, hypoechoic mass that produces posterior shadowing.

Which of the following clinical findings is most indicative of ovarian torsion?

Acute unilateral pelvic pain

A patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history of hydronephrosis. Which of the following would be the least likely pelvic cause of this abnormality?

Adenomyosis

Which of the following is typically not a cause of female infertility?

Adenomyosis

A post pubertal patient with an ovarian yolk sac tumor would most likely have an elevation in what lab?

Alpha-fetoprotein

Which of the following is another name for the Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary?

Androblastoma

179 The sonographic analysis of a 22-year-old female pelvis reveals that the uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix. This uterine position is referred to as:

Anteflexion

The space located between the posterior urinary bladder wall and the fundus of the uterus is the:

Anterior cul-de-sac

The letter "A" seen in this schematic [Click to view image] is most likely representing the:

Arcuate arteries

Because of their sonographic appearance, which of the following masses would be most likely misdiagnosed as a pedunculated uterine leiomyoma?

Brenner tumor The sonographic appearance of a Brenner tumor is that of a solid, hypoechoic mass.

Which of the following is identified by the letter "B" in this image [Click to view image?

Corpus

Which of the following would be the most likely symptom of a patient complaining of a "lost intrauterine contraceptive device"?

Cramping

Which of the following statements is not true of menopause?

During menopause, estrogen and progesterone levels increase.

This transvaginal image [Click to view image] is of a non-gravid patient with a regular 28 day menstrual cycle. Based on the sonographic appearance of the endometrium, which phase of the endometrial cycle is this patient in?

Early proliferative

This transvaginal image [Click to view image] is of a postmenopausal 60-year-old patient not on hormone replacement therapy. She complained of vaginal bleeding for 1 month. Which of the following would be least suspected?

Endometrial atrophy

Which of the following would most likely not be a cause of abnormal uterine bleeding with increased endometrial thickening?

Endometrial atrophy

A 45-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of intermenstrual spotting. Sonographically, a focal thickening of the endometrium is noted. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Endometrial polyp

Which of the following would be least likely associated with dilation of the fallopian tube?

Endometrial polyp

The theca internal cells of the secondary follicles produce what hormone during the first part of the menstrual cycle?

Estrogen

The fingerlike projections that extend from the infundibulum are the:

Fimbria

Which hormone is responsible for the creation of multiple follicles on the ovary during the first half of the menstrual cycle?

Follicle-stimulating hormone

The proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle coincides with which phase of the ovarian cycle?

Follicular

Which of the following is not a layer of the vaginal wall?

Fornix

A 32-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of dysmenorrhea. A 12 mm anechoic mass is noted within the vagina. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this mass?

Gartner's duct cyst

A 60-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department for vaginal spotting. Which of the following ovarian tumors could possibly be a cause of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding?

Granulosa cell tumor

Which term indicates fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina?

Hydrometrocolpos

A build-up of simple serous fluid within the fallopian tube is termed:

Hydrosalpinx

This is an image [Click to view image] of the right adnexa in a patient with known pelvic inflammatory disease. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Hydrosalpinx

Which of the following is the most common congenital cause of the sonographic findings noted in this sagittal image of the female uterus [Click to view image]?

Imperforate hymen

Which of the following would be a cause for hematometrocolpos in a teenage girl?

Imperforate hymen

Which of the following would be best described as the most proximal segment of the fallopian tube?

Interstitial

Upon endovaginal sonographic interrogation of the endometrium in a 29-year-old patient, a structure is noted with the endometrium that produces posterior shadowing and an "entrance and exit echo". What is the most likely etiology of this finding?

Intrauterine contraceptive device

Which of the following is identified by the letter "C" in this image [Click to view image]?

Ithmus

Among this list of vessels, which would have the longest length?

Left ovarian vein

A 42-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history of a myomectomy and uterine artery embolization. These two procedures are used to treat:

Leiomyoma

Which of the following would be considered the most common benign gynecologic tumors?

Leiomyoma

All of the following are true statements concerning leiomyosarcoma

Leiomyosarcoma are characterized by a rapid increase in growthClinically, patients with leiomyosarcoma may be asymptomatic. Leiomyosarcoma are more commonly found in postmenopausal woman..

What phase of the ovarian cycle would a non-pregnant patient be in if her endometrium sonographically appeared thickened and echogenic?

Luteal phase

Follicular ovarian cysts result from:

Maintaining the graafian follicle.

The ovary consists of two parts. Which portion contains the ovarian vasculature and lymphatics?

Medulla

Which of the following would not be a clinical finding in a 13-year-old who is suffering from hematometrocolpos?

Menorrhagia

Days 1 through 5 of the menstrual cycle correlate with:

Menses

Which term is described as bleeding from the uterus at any time?

Metrorrhagia

Which of the following ovarian masses would be most likely associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei?

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

A 26-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history endometriosis. Which of the following would be the least likely clinical finding for this patient?

Multigravida

Which of the following is true of Nabothian cysts?

Nabothian cysts are located within the cervix and are benign.

A simple appearing cyst, that produces posterior enhancement, is discovered within the cervix of a patient who is complaining of menstrual discomfort. You suspect a Nabothian cyst. Which of the following is a true statement concerning Nabothian cysts?

Nabothian cysts are typically asymptomatic.

Which of the following pelvic muscles would be best described as the paired pelvic muscles located lateral to the ovaries?

Obturator internus muscles

Which of the following arteries supplies blood directly to the ovary?

Ovarian and uterine arteries

A 38-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history of oliguria, abdominal distension, and a history of clomid treatment. Which of the following disorders would be most likely discovered during this exam?

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Dyspareunia denotes:

Painful intercourse

A 25-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of fever, chills, pelvic pain, purulent vaginal discharge, and elevated white blood cell count. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A 31-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department for a pelvic sonogram from the emergency room with a history of pelvic tenderness, dyspareunia, vaginal discharge, and fever. Sonographically, the endometrium appears thickened and irregular. The borders of the uterus and ovaries appear ill-defined and fallopian tubes are dilated and filled with echogenic material. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? /

Pelvic inflammatory disease

This transvaginal image [Click to view image] is of a non-gravid patient with a regular 28 day menstrual cycle. Based on the sonographic appearance of the endometrium, which phase of the endometrial cycle is this patient in?

Periovulatory

A 29-year-old obese patient presents to the ultrasound department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of infertility. Sonographically, her ovaries appear enlarged and have multiple small cysts along their periphery. These findings are most suggestive of:

Polycystic ovary disease

A 6-year-old female patient presents to the ultrasound department for a pelvic sonogram. She has breast development and pubic and axillary hair. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of these clinical findings?

Precocious puberty

Which of the following is not a layer of the uterine wall?

Premetrium

What hormone is responsible for maintaining the thickness of the endometrium and inducing the secretory activity of the endometrium?

Progesterone

Which of the following would describe the build-up of pus within the fallopian tube, secondary to infection?

Pyosalpinx

Which of the following best describes the position of the uterus represented by the letter "D" in this image [Click to view image]?

Retroflexion

What phase of the endometrial cycle would a non-pregnant patient be in if her endometrium sonographically appeared thickened and echogenic?

Secretory phase

Which of the following would be considered the endometrial phase on day 18 of the menstrual cycle?

Secretory phase

All of the following are branches of the uterine artery except:

Segmental

The area located between the anterior wall of the urinary bladder and symphysis pubis that contains extraperitoneal fat is referred to as the:

Space of Retzius

A patient presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal sonogram. She is 54-years-old, complains of weight loss, and has a recently discovered ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. The sonographic findings of the abdominal sonogram include the discovery of multiple hepatic lesions, probably consistent with metastasis. Which stages of ovarian cancer is confirmed with these findings?

Stage III

Which of the following describes the stage ovarian carcinoma when the tumor involves one or both ovaries, with confirmed peritoneal metastasis outside of the pelvis and/or regional lymph node involvement?

Stage III

Which of the following would not be considered a risk factor for developing pelvic inflammatory disease?

Stein-Leventhal syndrome

What is the most likely location of the mass noted in this transvaginal image the female pelvis [Click to view image]?

Submucosal

Which of the following would most likely lead to endometrial hyperplasia?

Tamoxifen

Which of the following statements is true concerning the basal layer of the endometrium?

The basal layer is the outermost layer of the endometrium.

Which of the following is not true of the dysgerminoma?

The dysgerminom is the second most common benign tumor of the ovary.

Days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle correlate with:

The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.

Which of the following would be most likely seen in a patient with a human chorionic gonadotropin level of 100,000 mIU/mL?

Theca Lutein cysts

The type of ovarian cysts associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are most likely:

Theca lutein cysts

Which of the following statements is not true of theca lutein cysts?

Theca lutein cysts are large cysts that are frequently unilateral.

Which of the following statements is not true of the ovarian thecoma?

Thecomas are malignant ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor.

Which of the following supplies blood to the ovary?

Uterine artery

The letter "E" in this image [Click to view image] is depicting what uterine malformation?

Uterus didelphys

A 28-year-old asymptomatic patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history of a palpable right adnexal mass on physical examination. Sonographically, a complex, most cystic mass is noted within the right adnexa. It contains an echogenic structure that produces some posterior shadowing. What is the most likely etiology of this mass?

cystic teratoma

Which ovarian mass results from the retention of an unfertilized ovum that differentiates into the three germ cell layers?

cystic teratoma

An 18-year-old female patient presents to the ultrasound department for a pelvic sonogram with severe right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. She has a negative pregnancy test, normal white blood cell count, and does not complain of any menstrual inconsistency. Sonographically, an enlarged, multicystic mass is noted in the right adnexa. while no right ovary is noted with sonography, the left ovary appears normal. Upon color Doppler interrogation of the structure, no flow is demonstrated. What are these findings most indicative of?

ovarian torsion

Which of the following is not a division of the uterus?.

vagina