H&DG Ch12

Which of the following statements is true of adolescents?

Most adolescents feel that they are close to and get along with their parents.

Which of the following is characteristic of adolescents in the stage of identity diffusion?

They tend to be alienated and rebellious.

During _____, adolescents undergo an identity crisis in which they examine their values and make decisions about their life roles.

a psychological moratorium

Which of the following best describes a crowd?

A large, loosely organized group of people who are identified by the activities of the group

Which of the following statements best describes a clique?

A small group of individuals who hang around together and share common interests

Which of the following statements is true of adolescent suicide?

Adolescent suicide attempts are more common after stressful life events.

In the context of parenting styles, which of the following statements is true?

Adolescents from authoritative homes show the most competent behavior.

Which of the following is an example of juvenile delinquency?

Chris, a 15-year-old, committing homicide during a fight in the high school campus

Which of the following statements is true of dating in adolescence?

Dating prepares adolescents for adult courtship

In which status do individuals make commitments without considering alternatives?

Foreclosure

Which of the following situations is the least likely to cause a teenager to initiate sexual activity at an early age?

Having close relationships with their parents

According to James Marcia, which of the following is the least advanced status of psychological development associated with adolescence?

Identity diffusion

Which of the following statuses is characteristic of younger adolescents and of older adolescents who drift through life or become alienated and rebellious?

Identity diffusion

Which of the following statements is true of sexual self-stimulation?

It is the most common sexual outlet in adolescence.

Which of the following statements is true of petting?

It is used by adolescents to express affection.

Which of the following best describes the term juvenile delinquency?

It refers to children or adolescents engaging in illegal behavior or activities.

What term refers to acts of sexual self-stimulation?

Masturbation

Which of the following statements is true of parental and peer influence during adolescence?

Parents and peers seem to exert influence on different domains.

Which of the following statements is true of self-esteem?

Self-esteem tends to decline after middle childhood and improves after the age of 12 or 13

Which of the following statements is true of the development of sexual identity?

Sexual differentiation of sex organs and brain occur at different times.

Which of the following hormones is associated with sexual behavior in adolescent boys?

Testosterone

Which of the following is an example of a status offense?

Underage drinking

In the context of the identity statuses theorized by James Marcia, the moratorium status is associated with:

active exploration of alternatives.

Status offenses are defined as ___

activities that are considered illegal only when performed by minors.

In comparison with adolescents who do not communicate well with their parents, those who do _______.

are more likely to use birth control.

Adolescents from authoritative homes tend to _________.

be more competent

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, a stable investment in one's goals, values, or beliefs are involved in ______.

commitment

Conflicts between adolescents and parents typically center on issues such as _______.

curfews.

In the context of sexual orientation, a lesbian ______.

desires sexual intimacy with women.

Erik Erikson used the term psychological moratorium to refer to the aspect of psychological development that involves experimentation with ______.

different roles, values, beliefs, and relationships

In Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, the primary task for adolescents is to develop ______.

ego identity.

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, active questioning and searching among alternatives to establish goals, values, or beliefs are involved in ______.

exploration

Jonah is a 15-year-old boy. His parents believe that Jonah has all the qualities required to become a scientist and encourage him to plan his future accordingly. Influenced by his parents' encouragement, Jonah decides to take up research in the field of science. He selects his career solely on the basis of his parents' views. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Jonah's decision illustrates _____.

foreclosure

Leo is a 14-year-old boy whose father is an ardent sports fan and wants Leo to become a sportsman. Leo is influenced by his father's opinion and decides to train and become a professional basketball player without considering other career options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Leo's decision illustrates _____.

foreclosure

Antonio is a studious high school student. He is taking into account his parents' and teachers' opinions when deciding which college he should choose. Antonio is also speaking to a career counselor to weigh his options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Antonio is most likely in the _____.

foreclosure stage

Amelia's teachers are of the opinion that she can become a successful lawyer and encourage her to achieve that goal. Inspired by their encouragement, she plans to study business law in college. However, she takes this decision without considering other career options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, this scenario exemplifies the stage of _____.

foreclosure.

In the context of the identity statuses theorized by James Marcia, the stage of identity achievement is characterized by individuals who ______.

have high self-esteem and self-acceptance.

Alexis has always been keen on photography from a young age. As her parents and grandparents are doctors, they expect her to choose medicine as her career. However, she declares that she wants to be a travel photographer after considering the other career options available to her. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Alexis is most likely in the _____.

identity achievement stage

Ethan likes to sing and play the guitar and wants to pursue a career in country music. However, his parents advise him to take up a traditional career option. Finally, after considering other career options, he decides to pursue his passion. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Ethan is most likely in the _____.

identity achievement stage

Nikita is a 15-year-old girl. Her performance at school is poor, and she has no hobbies or interests. She has no goals for her future and is content to spend her life one day at a time. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Nikita is most likely in the _____.

identity diffusion stage

Rob is a teenager who often skips school to go to the movies. He has no interest in studies and gets angry when his parents try to speak to him about his attitude. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Rob is most likely in the _____

identity diffusion stage

Unlike childhood peer groups, adolescent peer groups _______.

may include more members of the opposite gender.

Homosexual people have an erotic orientation toward______.

members of their own gender

Peer pressure tends to be highest during _________.

mid-adolescence

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, active exploration of potential career options without actively committing to one of them is associated with _________.

moratorium

The stage in which an adolescent embarks on an ethnic identity search is similar to Marcia's _________.

moratorium

Tamara is about to graduate from high school. She is confused about options for college. She enjoys studying both languages and life sciences. She has taken an appointment with the high school career counselor to explore her options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Tamara is most likely in the _____

moratorium stage

In comparison to friendships of childhood, friendships in adolescence are _______.

more likely to stress the importance of intimate self-disclosure.

Ego identity is best described as a(n) _____

sense of what one stands for

Peers exhibit higher influence on adolescents than parents in matters pertaining to _____.

speech patterns

Unlike boys, adolescent girls who make friends are less likely to stress the importance of _________ .

status

Running away from home is an example of a(n) _______.

status offense.