Hardware: A list
How much data is in a petabyte?
1,000 terabytes of data
megabyte
1,048,576 bytes = 2^20 bytes
gigabyte
1,073,741,824 bytes = 2^30 bytes
kilobyte
1024 bytes = 2^10 bytes
terabyte
1024 gigabytes
bit
A single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1.
hyperthreading
A technology that permits quicker processing of information by enabling a new set of instructions to start executing before the previous set has finished.
read-only memory (ROM)
A type of memory that contains data that is retrievable but cannot be changed.
keyboard
An input device that enters data with letters, numbers, symbols, and special function keys.
The three factors that impact processor speed are clock speed, word size, and _____
Bus width
Nvidia
Founded in 1993, produces popular mobile device processors
The ___ is a computer within your computer that creates images
GPU (Graphics processing unit)
The speed of most modern processors is measured in _____
Gigahertz
The output of a computer that creates a visual image is called ___
Graphics
lightening
LighteningThe connector and port developed for Apple devices such as iPhones and iPads
The correct abbreviation for megahertz is ___
MHz
The interface and connectivity of digital musical devices to computers is accomplished by using _____
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
L3 Cache
Memory located next to the processor
clock
The amount of instructions the CPU can process per second is dictated by this.
footprint
The amount of space a device takes up on a desk or table
clock rate
The clock rate (in GHz) measures the speed of a processor.
MIDI
connector is commonly used for musical instruments
single-core processor
A CPU with one processor on the chip.
peripheral device
A device that is attached to the computer and aids in input and/or output.
computer
A digital device that accepts input, processes and stores the input, and provides output.
cashe
A high-speed storage area usually located directly on the CPU
Port
A hole or slot in a computer, designed to accept a specific connector.
mainframe
A large computer that has access to billions of characters of data and is capable of processing data very quickly.
laptop
A portable computer small enough to use in your lap
fetch
An instruction is obtained from memory
defragment
As you use your hard drive new files will be deleted and added. This can create a slower, more disorganized hard drive. To speed it up you may want to ___ your hard drive. This process reduces unused disk sectors
Which statements are true about Unicode?
Capable of representing all of the world's languages and has a 16 bit (minimum) encoding standard
universal serial bus (USB)
Connector interface designed to connect computer and peripheral devices
Screen size is measured ___ from one corner of the screen to the other
Diagonally
Which two statements regard a byte?
Equal to 8 bits, and each number, special character, and letter of the alphabet is represented as a byte
A protocol commonly used to transfer large files from one server to another on the Internet is the ___
File transfer protocol (FTP)
AMD
Founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5
The output of visual images created by a computer is known as ____
Graphics
What is equal to one cycle per second?
Hertz
A TV remote usually uses _____ radio waves
Infrared
IrDA stands for the ___ Data Association which establishes the protocols for infrared communication transfer
Infrared
information processing cycle
Input, process, store, output
storage
Keeps data and information when the device is not powered
disk cache
Memory used to increase a hard drive's efficiency
Megahertz means one _____ cycles (or instructions) per second
Million
The actual number of pixels (resolution) in a monitor is called ___ resolution
Native
The actual number of pixels in a monitor is called ___
Native
servers
Network, web, and file
How much data is in a gigabyte?
One billion bytes of data
How much data is in a megabyte?
One million bytes of data
How much data is in a kilobyte?
One thousand bytes of data
How much data is in a terabyte?
One trillion bytes of data
The smallest element of an electronic image is called a _____
Pixel
IP, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS are all acronyms that describe different
Protocols
Wi-Fi waves are basically _____ waves
Radio
The ___ of monitors and other display devices is measured in pixels
Resolution
Data from the hard drive reaches the CPU ___ than data from the RAM
Slower
processor
The component of a computer that follows instructions
decode
The instructions are converted into something the computer can understand
central processing unit (CPU)
The internal operating unit or "brain" of a computer.
byte
a group of 8 bits
ethernet
a system for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local area network, with protocols to control the passing of information and to avoid simultaneous transmission by two or more systems.
capacity
amount of storage you have available to save data and information
infrared signals
carry data only for short distances and with a clear line of sight, such as between a notebook computer and a printer
solid state drive (SSD)
secondary storage device that contains no moving parts
motherboard
the main circuit center of the computer
HDMI
the standard for video and audio input into televisions today
The ___ coding language uses 8 bits to represent a byte of information
ASCII
Gigahertz means one _____ cycles (instructions) per second
Billion
Represented by either a 0 or 1, a ____ is the smallest unit of data a computer can process
Bit
The smallest unit of storage is called a ___ It is the data held or processed by a single transistor.
Bit
A short-distance wireless communications technology, ___ , uses relatively short-wavelength radio waves to transfer data between devices like phones, speakers, and headphones
Bluetooth
A short-range wireless transmission protocol is known as _____
Bluetooth
The short-range wireless transmission protocol, commonly used with smartphones and many other devices, is called ___
Bluetooth
The loading of an operating system into the main memory of a device is called the ___ process
Boot
A channel over which information flows inside a digital device is called a
Bus
A channel over which information flows inside a digital device is called a _____
Bus
The three factors that impact a processor's speed are clock speed, word size, and ___
Bus width
Data flows between different parts of the computer via _____
Buses
One character of information, for example, a letter or a number consists of one ___
Byte
Which two statements are true about the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) encoding standard?
Can represent a total of 256 characters, and is capable of representing 26 uppercase and lowercase letters used in the English language, numbers, and many different symbols
Intel
The largest chip designing and manufacturing company in the world
execute
The processor completes the instruction
store
The results are placed in memory before the next instruction is executed
machine cycle
The series of steps a central processing unit goes through when it performs a program instruction.
L1 cache
The small amount of memory, located within the CPU itself
This type of connector is the most common for connecting peripherals (printers, monitors, storage devices, etc.) to a computer ___
USB
external storage
USB, DVD,
Many computers today use _____, which is a coding scheme using at least 16 bits to represent a character
Unicode
file server
Used for data storage
If you buy a new computer game that emphasizes graphics, or new photo/video editing software for your desktop computer, you may want to purchase a new ___
Video/graphics card
not saved
When a computer is shut down, the information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is___
Bus ___ is measured in bits. A 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data
Width
The amount of data that can be transmitted at a given time by a bus is called bus _____
Width
The amount of bits a processor can work with at any given time is referred to as ___ size
Word
The number of bits that can be processed at one time during one machine cycle is a processor's _____
Word size
server
a computer or computer program that manages access to a centralized resource or service in a network.
desktop
a personal computer designed to be in a stationary location.
