Hazmat Book Questions Chapter 2: Analyzing the incident: Recognizing and identifying the presence of hazardous materials.

Clues indicating cryogenic containers may include the following features:

Contents such as liquid oxygen (LOX), nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, argon, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) -Box like loading and unloading stations attached to transportation containers

Class 8:

Corrosives

Other placards, labels, and markings.

Danger placard, elevated temperature sign, Fumigation sign (text is in both english and french), marine pollutant or polluant marin.

Railways

Depots, terminals, and switch or classification yards -Sections of poorly laid or poorly maintained tracks -Steep grades and severe curves -Shunts and sidings -Uncontrolled crossings -Loading and unloading facilities -Bridges, trestles, and tunnels

Pipelines

Exposed crossings over waterways or roads -Pumping stations -Construction and demolition sites -Intermediate or final storage facilities

Manway

(1) Opening through which a person may go to gain access to an underground or enclosed structure. (2) Opening that is large enough to admit a person into a tank trailer or dry bulk trailer. This opening is usually equipped with a removable, lockable cover. Also known as manhole.

Roadways:

-Designated truck routes -Blind intersections -Poorly marked or poorly engineered interchanges -Areas frequently congested by traffic -Heavily traveled roads -Sharp turns -Steep grades -Highway interchanges and ramps -Bridges and tunnels

Waterways

-Difficult passages at bends or other threats to navigation -Bridges and other crossings -Piers and docks -Shallow areas -Locks -Loading/unloading stations

Airways

-Fueling ramps -Repair and maintenance hangars -Freight terminals -Crop duster planes and supplies

US Department of Transportation DOT, defines an elevated temperature material as one that when offered for transportation or transported in bulk packaging has one of the following properties:

-Liquid phase at a temperature at or above 212 degrees F -Liquid phase with a flash point at or above 100 degrees F that is intentionally heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above its flashpoint. -Solid phase at a temperature at or above 464 degrees F

The most common specialized systems in North America, include the following:

-NFPA 704 System -Globally harmonized system -HMIS and other US hazard communications labels and markings -Canadian workplace hazardous materials information system -Mexican Hazard Communication System -CAS numbers -Military Markings -Pesticide labels -Other symbols and signs -ISO safety symbols -Color Codes

Locations where hazmat may be more likely to occur:

-Ports -Docks or piers -Railroad sidings -Airplane hangars -Truck terminals -Truck warehouses

Clues to solids containers

-Transportation containers and systems designed for pneumatic loading and unloading. -Open tops on hoppers, bins, or other containers, sometimes covered with tarps or plastic. -V-shaped sloping sides with bottom outlets

Radioactive materials containers: Shipped in one of five basic types listed from least radioactive hazard to greatest.

1. Excepted - Excepted packaging is only used to transport materials with extremely low levels of radioactivity that present no risk to the public or environment. 2. Industrial - Container that retains and protects the contents during normal transportation activities such as as laboratory samples and smoke detectors. 3. Type A - Packages that must demonstrate their ability to withstand a series of tests without releasing their contents. 4. Type B - Packages must demonstrate their ability to withstand tests simulating normal shipping conditions, and they must also withstand severe accident conditions without releasing their contents. 5. Type C - Very rare packages used for high-activity materials (including plutonium) transported by aircraft.

The seven clues to the presence of hazardous materials:

1. Occupancy types, locations, and preincident surveys 2. Container shapes 3. Transportation placards, labels, and markings 4. Other markings and colors (nontransportation) 5. Written resources 6. Senses 7. Monitoring and detection devices

Markings

A descriptive name, an identification number, a weight, or a specification and includes instructions, cautions, or UN marks (or combination thereof) required on the outer packaging of hazardous materials. One marking of note is the HOT marking for elevated temperature materials.

Division 4: Moderate Fire - no blast

A diamond with a 4 This division is equivalent to DOT/UN class 1.4 explosives division

Division 2: Explosion with Fragment Hazard

An X with a 2 in it, this division is equivalent to DOT/UN Class 1.2 explosives division. Also this exact symbol may used for: Division 6: Nonmass Explosion - extremely insensitive ammunition, is equivalent to DOT/UN Class 1.6 Explosives division

Division 3: Mass Fire

An upside down triangle with a 3 This division is equivalent to DOT/UN Class 1.3 explosives division

Oxidizer

Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials.

Circle with Red line through it water on fire

Apply no water! Indicates a dangerous reaction will occur if water is used in an attempt to extinguish the fire. This symbol may be posted together with any of the other hazard symbols.

Mexican Hazard Communication System

Equivalent to HCS is NOM-018-STPS-2000. It adopts NFPA 704 and a related hazard communication label system as the official label and marking systems. Can opt to use alternative systems so long as they comply. Authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Social Welfare. NOM-026-STPS-1998 Signs and colors for safety and health, authorizes the use of some ISO safety symbols (ISO-3864 Safety colors and safety signs) on signs to communicate hazard information. General caution symbols in mexico are triangular instead of round like those in canada, rectangular in the US.

Preincident survey

Assessment of a facility or location made before an emergency occurs, in order to prepare for an appropriate emergency response. Also known as preplan. Can simplify and reduce on-site decisions. Preincident surveys identify the following items: -Exposures such as people, property, and environment -Hazmat types, quantities, dangers, and locations -Building features such as the location of fixed fire sprresion systems -Site characteristics -Possible access/egress difficulties -Inherent limitations of response organizations when trying to control certain types of hazmat emergencies -Twenty-four hour telephone numbers of responsible parties and site experts -Site or occupancy response capability

Liquid containers

Bottles, gasoline containers, paint pails, and drums. However at fixed facilities, liquids can be stored in containers that hold many millions of gallons (liters). Large quantities are also transported in tanks via highway, rail, and other modes. Will have some pressure due to the liquid's chemical and physical properties, but these pressures will be lower than a pressure container's. Although low, can still be dangerous. May hold contents that have a variety of hazards including pressure, heat (often their contents will burn), reactivity, corrosivity, and toxicity. Some liquid containers, when exposed to heat or flames, may rupture violently or explode.

Containers can also be classified by their capacity

Bulk packaging refers to a packaging, other than that on a vessel (Ship) or barge, in which materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment. This packaging type includes a transport vehicle or freight container such as a cargo tank, railcar, or portable tank. Intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) and intermodal (IM) containers are also examples

Cargo Vessel

Cargo is shipped in the following four vessel types: -Bulk carriers may transport liquids or solids -Break bulk carriers may transport a variety of materials in many different containers such as pallets, drums, bags, boxes, and crates. -Container vessels transport cargo in standard intermodal containers with standard widths and varying heights and lengths. Transport intermodal containers, including intermodal tanks -Roll-on/roll-off vessels have large stern and side ramp structures that are lowered to allow vehicles to be driven on and off the vessel.

Canadian transportation placards, labels, and markings

Class 1 Explosives -Class 1.1 Mass explosion hazard -Class 1.2 Projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard -Class 1.3 Fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both but not a mass explosion hazard. -Class 1.4 No significant hazard beyond the package in the event of ignition or initiation during transport. -Class 1.5 Very insensitive substances with a mass explosion hazard -Class 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles with no mass explosion hazard

Under the United Nations system, nine hazard classes are used to categorize hazardous materials:

Class 1: Explosives Class 2: Gases Class 3: Flammable liquids Class 4: Flammable solids, substances liable to spontaneous combustion, substances that emit flammable gases on contact with water Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides Class 6: Toxic and infectious substances Class 7: Radioactive materials Class 8: Corrosive substances Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles

Cryogenic containers

Designed to store and transport cryogens. These containers may be pressurized, though not to the degree that pressure containers are. When released cryogens may transition from a liquid state to a vapor state. May happen rapidly, and a spill or leak will boil into a much larger vapor cloud. These vapor clouds may be flammable, toxic, corrosive, or an oxidizer. Some cryogens may present multiple hazards. Cryogenic vapors can be extremely cold, potentially causing freeze burns which are treated as cold injuries according to their severity. Clothing saturated with a cryogenic material must be removed immediately. Can displace oxygen and cause asphyxiation. Cryogenic containers are used to store carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. Might be attached to box-like loading and unloading stations to make them easier to transport.

Placard

Diamond shaped sign that is affixed to each side of a structure or a vehicle transporting hazardous materials to inform responders of fire hazards, life hazards, special hazards and reactivity potential. The placard indicates the primary class of the material and, in some cases, the exact material being transport; required on containers that are 640 cubic feet or larger. Designed for bulk packages. Note there are certain unique labels for which there are no equivalent placards.

US and Canadian Military symbols: Fire Ordnance divisions

Division 1 - Mass Explosion Stop sign type symbol with a 1 Indicates the greatest hazard This division is equivalent to DOT/UN Class 1.1 Explosives Division Also, this exact symbol may be used for: Divison 5 Mass explosion very insensitive explosives (blasting agents) This division is equivalent to DOT/UN Class 1.5 Explosives Division

Pesticide labels

EPA Regulates this: Pesticide labels include the following: -EPA number or Canadian PCP number -Hazard statement - phrase assigned to each hazard category that describes the nature of the hazard like harmful if swallowed. -Pictograms - A symbol inside a diamond with a red border, denoting a particular hazard class such as acute toxicity/lethality, and skin irritation/corrosion -Precautionary statements - Phrases that describe recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous product. These phrases cover prevention, response, storage, and disposal products.

US and Canadian military symbols: Chemical Hazards

Red your dead Wear full protective clothing (Set one) indicates the presence of highly toxic chemical agents that may cause death or serious damage to body functions

Class 3:

Flammable liquids

Class 4:

Flammable solids, substances liable to spontaneous combustion, and substances that on contact with water emit flammable gases (water-reactive substances). Class 4.1 Flammable solids Class 4.2 - Substances liable to spontaneous combustion Class 4.3 - Water reactive substances

Clues to liquid containers:

Flat (or less rounded) ends on tanks -Access hatches secured with easily removed latching devices -Low pressure rail tank cars may have multiple fittings visible on top -Intermodal, flexible intermediate bulk containers, and rigid intermediate bulk containers are designed to be stacked. -Flexible bladders filled with fluids -Highway cargo tanks will have oval, upside-down horseshoe-shaped, or circular-shaped ends with less rounding than pressure tanks.

Safety data sheets

Form provided by chemical manufacturers, distributors, and importers; provides information about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal procedures. Formerly known as material safety data sheets.

Label

Four-inch square diamond-shaped marker required by federal regulations on individual shipping containers that contain hazardous materials, and are smaller than 640 cubic feet. Designed for non-bulk packaging

In addition to establishing hazard classes, the U.N. has assigned each individual hazardous material a specific four-digit number. Often displayed on placards, orange panels, and certain markings in association with materials being transported in cargo tanks, portable tanks, tank cars, or other containers and packages. Must be displayed on the following containers/packages:

Rail tank cars -Cargo tank trucks -Portable tanks -Bulk Packages -Table 1 materials, regardless of quantity -Certain nonbulk packages, example poisonous gases in specified amounts.

Certain occupancies are likely to have hazardous materials including the following:

Fuel storage facilities -Gas/service stations and convenience stores -Paint supply stores -Plant nurseries, garden centers, and agricultural facilities -Pest control and lawn care companies -Medical facilities -Photo processing laboratories -Dry cleaners -Plastics and high technology factories -Metal-plating businesses -Mercantile concerns such as hardware stores, grocery stores, certain department stores -Chemistry (and other) laboratories in educational facilities including highschools -Lumberyards -Feed/farm stores -Veterinary clinics -Print Shops -Warehouses -Industrial and utility plants -Port shipping facilities (with changing cargo hazards) -Treatment storage disposal (TSD) facilities -Abandoned facilities that may have contained or used hazardous materials -Big box retail stores -Shipping depots -Military installations -Residential occupancies have hazardous chemicals, such as drain cleaners, pesticides, fertilizers, paint products, flammable liquids like gas, swimming pool chemicals, propane tanks for gas grills, and other common household chemical products. motor oil, paint, and insect repellant. -Farms like pesticides and anhydrous ammonia. Any building with a fume hood exhaust stack on the roof, probably has a functioning laboratory inside.

US and Canadian military markings: Supplemental Chemical Hazards

G - G type nerve agents - persistent and nonpersistent nerve agents like sarin (GB), tabun (GA), Soman (GD)

Cryogen

Gas that is converted into liquid by being cooled below -130 degrees F, -90 degrees C, Also known as refrigerated liquid and cryogenic liquid.

Class 2:

Gases: -Class 2.1 Flammable gases -Class 2.2 Nonflammable and nontoxic gases -Class 2.3 Toxic Gases Anhydrous ammonia -Oxidizing gases

Occupancy

General fire and emergency services term for a building, structure, or residency. (2) Building code classification based on the use to which owners or tenants put buildings or portions of buildings. Regulated by the various building and fire codes also known as occupancy classification.

H

H-Type Mustard Agent/Blister Agent Persistent mustard/lewisite mixture (HL)

HMIS and other US Hazard Communications labels and markings:

HMIS (Hazardous Materials Information System) is a commonly used proprietary system developed by the American Coatings Association in order to comply with HCS standards. It utilizes a numerical rating and color code system similar to NFPA 704 to convey the relative hazards of the product to employees.

Highway

Highway cargo trucks (cargo tanks, tank trucks)

Containers classified according to their transport mode

Highway cargo trucks, rail cars, vessel cargo carriers, intermodal containers that transfer between modes

BZ

Incapacitating Nerve Agent Like, lacrymatory agent (BBC), vomiting agent DM

Multiple modes

Intermodal containers (intermodals)

Globally Harmonized System

International classification and labeling system for chemicals and other hazard communication information, such as safety data sheets. Purpose is to promote common, consistent criteria for classifying chemicals according to their health, physical, and environmental hazards and encourage the use of compatible hazard labels, safety data sheets for employees, and other hazard communication information based on the resulting classifications.

Non-bulk packaging:

Is smaller than the minimum criteria established for bulk packaging. Drums, boxes, carboys and bags are examples.

L

Lewisite blister agent Nonpersistent choking agent (PFIB), nonpersistent blood agent (SA).

BLEVE process

Liquid = reaches its boiling point Vapor fills container, raising the pressure beyond containable limits

ERG (Emergency response guidebook)

Manual that aids emergency response and inspection personnel in identifying hazardous materials placards and labels; also gives guidelines for initial actions to be taken at hazardous materials incidents. The four digit ID number, once identified, can use this to determine appropriate initial response information based on the material involved. ERG does not list any numbers below 1000. Some substances without a un number may have an NA or north america number. using the range NA8000-NA9999.

Be aware of the water level in rivers and tidal areas.

Many accidents occur because flow volume and tidal conditions were not considered. These flow and tidal variances affect clearance under bridges, many of which also have pipelines, water mains, gas lines, and the like attached to them. Occupancies in low-lying areas that may be affected by flood conditions must have a contingency plan to isolate and protect hazardous materials. Tidal and flow conditions are constantly changing. Areas that were once considered safe may become compromised by change of tide direction, flow rate, and back eddies. Once a hazardous material reaches an outside water source, it becomes a moving incident and is extremely difficult to contain, confine, and mitigate.

Solids containers

Many containers used to hold liquids may also be used for solids, for example, drums and bottles. Some transportation containers are specially designed for loading and unloading solids, and certain fixed facilities may store solids that are not typically deemed hazardous but may present a threat anyway, such as grain silos and storage facilities. Hazardous solids may be dusts, powders, or small particles. Solids containers typically do not carry any pressure. A powder pesticide is an example of a toxic solid. Boric acid and sodium hydroxide are corrosive solids. Dynamite is an energy-releasing solid. Calcium carbide is a reactive material that, when in contact with moisture will release a flammable gas. Small airborne particles that burn can be dangerous if ignitied in an enclosed location, causing a dust explosion. Grain, flour, sugar, coal, metal, and saw dust are examples of these particles. Solid materials can also engulf you, causing suffocation and/or crushing injuries. These situations are typically associated with soil/dirt, sand, and gravel, but are also a concern at incidents involving large containers of grain, powdered substances, or any flowing solids.

Pipelines

Many hazardous materials, particularly petroleum varieties are transported across both the US and Canada in underground pipelines. May transport liquids or gases.

Elevated temperature materials

Material that when offered for transportation or transported in bulk packaging is (a) in a liquid phase and at temperatures at or above 212 degrees F, (b) intentionally heated at or above its liquid phase flash points of 100 degrees F, or (c) in a solid phase and at a temperature at or above 464 degrees F. Such as molten sulfur and molten aluminum, can present a thermal hazard in the form of heat. Molten aluminum, for example is generally shipped at temperatures above 1,300 degrees F. First responders must be extremely cautious around these materials to avoid being burned. Molten alumnium and other high temperature materials can ignite flammable and combustible materials (including wood). Working around or near elevated-temperature materials can increase the effect of earing personal protective equipment due to high ambient air temperatures.

Military markings

May not always be marked for security reasons

Class 9:

Miscellaneous Products, substances, or organisms

There are some differences between canadian and US placards, labels, and markings such as the following:

Most canadian transport placards do not have any signal words written on them. -Labels and markings may be in both English and French -Canada requires a unique placard for anhydrous ammonia and inhalation hazards. -Radiation placard may have the flour-digit un number

Combination packages

Multiple packages grouped together in a single outer container, such as bottles of acid packed inside a cardboard box. May also be classified as nonbulk packaging.

Product Identifiers:

Names or numbers used on a hazardous product label or in a safety data sheet.

Facts related to placards

Not required for shipments of infectious substances, other regulated materials for domestic transport only (ORM-Ds), materials of trade MOTs, limited quantities, small-quantity packages, radioactive materials (White label I or yellow label II:) or combustible liquids in nonbulk packaging.

CAS Number

Number assigned by the American Chemical Society's Chemical Abstract Service that uniquely identifies a specific compound. Assigned to individual chemicals and chemical compounds, polymers, mixtures, and alloys. They may also be assigned to biological sequences. Most chemical databases are searchable by CAS number, and they are typically included on SDS and other chemical reference materials such as the NIOSH pocket guide.

Criteria for bulk packaging:

One of the following must be met: -Maximum capacity is greater than 119 gallons (475L) as a receptacle for a liquid -Maximum net mass is greater than 882 pounds (440kg) or maximum capacity is greater than 119 gallons (475L) as a receptacle for a solid -Water capacity is 1,001 pounds (500kg) or greater as a receptacle for gas

Tankers

Or tank vessel - may transport very large quantities of liquid products. Tankers often carry different products in segregated tanks. Three tanker types -Petroleum carriers transport crude or finished petroleum products. -Chemical carriers transport many different chemical products -Liquefied flammable gas carriers transport liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

In addition to DOT placards

Other markings may be as simple as the world chlorine stenciled on the outside of a fixed-facility tank or as complicated as a site-specific hazard communication system using a unique combination of labels, placards, emergency contact information, and color codes. May be marked with special information for example, non-odorized, meaning that the product will not have an intense smell by itself. Some fixed-facility containers may have identification numbers that correspond to site or emergency plans that provide details on the product, quantity, and other pertinent information.

Class 5

Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides Class 5.1 - Oxidizing substances Class 5.2 - Organic peroxides

Composite packages

Packages with an outer packaging and an inner receptacle May also be classified as nonbulk packaging.

Compressed gas cylinders

Pressure containers designed to hold product under pressure. The product may be a gas, liquefied gas, or a gas dissolved in a liquid. Have the potential to release a great deal of energy if involved in an incident. When stressed, pressure containers can rupture violently due to internal pressure. This can be accelerated if exposed to heat, flame, or mechanical damage. When released the product will expand rapidly and will travel based on the product's physical and chemical properties and environmental conditions.

Labels

Provide similar information as vehicle placards. 3.9- inch, square-on-point diamonds, which may or may not have written text that identifies the hazardous material within the packaging. -Class 7 radioactive labels must always contain text. Most labels for the nine hazard classes and subdivisions are essentially the same as their placarding counterparts. Packages with more than one label have more than one hazard or product. These packages contain a primary label and a subsidiary label for materials that meet the definition of more than one hazard class. The Cargo Aircraft Only label is not associated with a particular hazard class. This label is used to indicate materials that cannot be transported on passenger aircraft.

Class 7:

Radioactive materials Category 1 - White Category 2 - Yellow Category 3 - Yellow

Rail

Rail cars (Tank Cars)

Dust explosion

Rapid burning (deflagration), with explosive force, of any combustible dust. Dust explosions generally consist of two explosions: a small explosion or shock wave creates additional dust in an atmosphere, causing the second and larger explosion.

Intermediate bulk container (IBC) -

Rigid (RIBC) or flexible (FIBC) portable packaging, other than a cylinder or portable tank, that is designed for mechanical handling with a maximum capacity of not more than 3 cubic meters and a minimum capacity of not less than 0.45 cubic meters or a maximum net mass of not less than 400 kilograms.

Clues to pressure containers:

Rounded, almost spherical ends Bolted manways Bolted protective housings Pressure relief devices Pressure gauges

Placards

Shippers provide diamond shaped, color-coded signs (placards) on transportation containers to identify their contents. Each hazard class has a specific placard that identifies the materials hazard class. indicated by either its class or division number or name. 10.8 inches (273mm). May be found on the following containers: -Bulk packages -Rail tank cars -cargo tank vehicles -Portable tanks -Unit load devices containing hazardous materials over 640 cubic feet in capacity -Certain nonbulk containers Containers with more than one placard indicating that more than one hazard or product is present.

Packaging

Shipping containers and their markings, labels, and/or placards.

Continuing facts on placards

Some private agriculture and military vehicles may not have placards, even though they are carrying significant quantities of hazardous materials. For example, farmers may carry fertilizer, pesticides, and fuel between fields of their farms or to and from their farms without any placarding. -The hazard class or division number corresponding to the primary or subsidiary hazard class of a material must be displayed in the lower corner of a placard. -The DANGEROUS placard is for mixed loads where the transport vehicle contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories of hazardous materials that require different placards. -Other than Class 7 or the DANGEROUS placard, text indicating a hazard (for example, the word FLAMMABLE) is not required. Text may be omitted from the oxygen placard only if the specific ID number is displayed. -Drivers may have varying degrees of information about the hazardous materials in their vehicles. -Containers may have placards even though they appear "empty" until they are certified as "clean".

NFPA 704 System:

Standard system for the identification of the hazards of materials for emergency response, gives a widely recognized method for indicating the presence of hazardous materials at commercial, manufacturing, institutional, and other fixed-storage facilities. Use of this system is commonly required by local ordinances for all occupancies that contain hazardous materials. Designed to alert emergency responders to health, flammability, instability, and related hazards (Specifically, oxidizers and water-reactive materials) that may present as short-term, acute exposures resulting from a fire, spill or similar emergency. Uses a rating system of numbers from 0 to 4. The number 0 indicates a minimal hazard, whereas the number 4 indicates a severe hazard. The rating is assigned to three categories: health, flammability, and instability. The rating numbers are arranged on a diamond-shaped marker or sign. The health rating is located on the blue background, the flammability hazard rating is positioned on the red background, and the instability hazard rating appears on a yellow background. Special hazards are located in the six o clock position and have specified background color; however, white is most commonly used. Only two special hazard symbols are presently authorized for use in this position by the NFPA . W with a line through it indicating unusual reactivity with water, and OX, indicating that the material is an oxidizer. However you may see other symbols in the white quadrant on old diamonds, including the trefoil radiation symbol. If more than one special hazard is present, multiple symbols may be seen. CAUTION the NFPA 74 diamond will relay the worst hazard level in each category on site. These may not be all from the same material.

Transportation mode

Technologies used to move people and/or goods in different environments; for example, rail, motor vehicles, aviation, vessels, and pipelines.

All three countries, US, Canada, and Mexico use the same source for their placarding, labeling, and marking system:

The transport of dangerous goods - model regulations, published by the United nations also known as the U.N. Recommendations. A few country-specific variations, very similar.

Class 6:

Toxic and infectious substances Class 6.1 - Toxic substances Class 6.2 - infectious substances

Barges

Typically box-shaped, flat-decked vessels used for transporting cargo. Towing or pushing vessels are usually used to move barges because they are not self-propelled. Virtually anything can be transported on a barge. Some barges are configured as floating barracks for military or construction crews; some are designed as bulk oil and chemical tankers. Other barges carry LNG in cylinders that may not be visible until a person is aboard. Barges may serve as floating warehouses with hazardous goods, vehicles or rail cars inside. Can travel waterways that large vessels cannot. They are versatile in their cargos, and some barges are designed to carry specific hazardous materials. May not be possible to tell from a distance if hazardous materials are being transported on a barge.

Several key harmonized information elements of GHS are as follows:

Uniform classification of hazardous substances and mixtures >Uniform labeling standars -Allocation of label elements -Symbols and pictograms -Signal words: danger (most sever hazard categories) and warning (less severe hazard categories). -Hazard statements -Precautionary statements and pictograms -Product and supplier identification -Multiple hazards and precedence of information -Arrangements for presenting GHS label elements -Special labeling arrangements >Uniform safety data sheet (SDS) content and format

VX

VX nerve agents: Persistent and nonpersistent V-nerve agents like VE, VG, VS

Water

Vessel cargo carriers (Vessels)

Vessel cargo carriers

Vessels that transport hazardous materials include: Tankers Cargo Vessel Barges

Mexico differences

Virtually the same. Mexico does not recognize the inhalation placard. Mexican placards may have markings likely to be written in spanish. Peligro = danger.

Gas Mask

Wear breathing apparatus Indicates the presence of incendiary and readily flammable chemical agents that present an intense heat hazard. This hazard and sign may be present with any of the other fire or chemical hazards/symbols.

White is bright

Wear full protective clothing (Set Three) Indicates the presence of white phosphorus and other spontaneously combustible material.

Yellow you're mellow

Wear full protective clothing (Set two) Indicates the presence of harassing agents (riot control agents and smokes)

Orange panels

With two sets of numbers on intermodal tanks and containers, the four digit un number is on the bottom, and the top number is a hazard identification number (or code) required under European and some South American regulations. Numbers indicate the following hazards: 2-Emission of a gas due to pressure or chemical reaction 3- Flammability of liquids (vapors) and gases or self-heating liquid 4- Flammability of solids or self-heating solid 5- Oxidizing (fire intensifying) effect 6- Toxicity or risk of infection 7 - Radioactivity 8 - Corrosivity 9 - Miscellaneous dangerous substance Doubling a number like 33, or 66, indicates an intensification of that particular hazard. When indicated by a single number it is followed by a 0. A hazard id number prefixed by the letter X, indicates that the material will react dangerously with water. When 9 appears as a second or third digit, this pay present a risk of spontaneous violent reaction.

Bulk packaging

allows large quantities of liquid , solid, or gas to be shipped.

Unit loading devices (ULDs)

are containers and aircraft pallets used to consolidate air cargo into a single, transportable unit. ULDs are designed and shaped to fit into airplane decks and compartments (particularly commercial cargo planes), and in some cases they may be stacked. Hazmat may be shipped in ULDs provided they are in accordance with governmental regulations, including packaging and labeling requirements.

Military aircraft or transport vehicles:

may transport internal airlift and helicopter Slingable units (ISUs) that transport everything including hazardous materials.

WHMIS Canadian workplace hazardous materials information system

requires that hazardous products be appropriately labeled and marked. Two types of labels will most commonly be used: the supplier label and the workplace label. These labels will include information such as the product name, a statement that an SDS is available, and other information that will vary depending on the type of label (Supplier labels will include information about the supplier)

The DANGEROUS placard indicates:

that the vehicle contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories of hazardous materials that require different placards.