HDE 3 Exam 2
Midway Gardens Chicago, IL 1913-14 Prairie Style Frank Lloyd Wright
*HORIZONTALITY* -complex weaving of interior and exterior spaces--architecture of space not walls -everything becomes a screen (spatial boundaries) -pre-cast concrete panels--design= can't tell solid walls from screen from shadows
Schroder House Utrecht, Holland 1923 De Stijl Gerrit Thomas Reitveld
-as small as possible and as open as possible -Architecture of space (not walls and rooms) -during day: open floor plan--big space -during night: closed so it has own bedroom spaces -every detail supports big extended plane idea -sliding black doors that close rooms off -no real corners in house
Guggenheim Museum NYC 1956-59 Late Frank Lloyd Wright
-big ramp design -primary,secondary, enter between -Clearstory for each floor -Architecture as art -not very good design for the art -spiral circulation
Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe
-born in Achen, Germany -no experience as an Architect growing up--he worked for his father as a Mason (a big influence in his material use) -worked for Bruno Paul (Architect) *KNOW TIMELINE OF MIES FOR AN ESSAY QUESTION
Winslow House River Forest, IL 1893 Prairie Style Frank Lloyd Wright
-bottom floor exterior extended to sill line of top floor making the bottom look taller -roof comes to the window line (punctured band; not windows) -panels from Sullivan (same as Getty Tomb) -well detailed and designed (normally FLW is one or the other) -top black band is projected outward -asymmetrical back of house
Villas Jeanneret la Roche Paris, France 1923 Le Corbuiser
-built for 2 of Corb's cousins (who are radically different from each other) -ARCHITECTURAL PROMENADE (entry+site+everything=cohesive experience) -site on cul-de-sac - L Shape and curved form pushes you to entrance -one side is compact, the other connects living and gallery space *ramps are a better transition of space than stairs
Johnson Wax Building Racine, WI 1936-39 Late Frank Lloyd Wright
-built walls--fortress with moat (landscape) -enter through low colonnade and tight space -open workroom -administrative offices on mezzanine -same diagram as Larkin building (primary stone, secondary stone, enter in between) -clearstory and eroded corner with glass is light source -introverted; puts up a wall to the street -lily pad columns (hollow with steel mesh reinforcing) -glass=Pyrex tubes glued together (created texture but also allows water leakage) -light on roof/ceiling is artificial -furniture designed by Wright again
Domino House 1914 Le Corbusier
-competition for pre-fabricated housing -thin concrete floor planks supported by thin columns and stairs on the side +plan and facade can be anything with this idea -influenced by Rue 25 Franklin -pushing boundaries
Monastery of La Tourette Near Lyons, France 1953-57 Le Corbusier Post WWII
-concrete block on side of hill -on stilts (not sunk into hill) -5 stories high -meant to enter into top and go down to bottom -measurements based on Modular -view obstructed at end of long corridor (concrete flowers) -load bearing columns only visible at top -took typical donut shape monetary and broke it -no stain glass or rose windows--horizontal vents painted in bright colors instead
Villa Schwob La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland 1916 Le Corbuiser
-concrete frame with brick clad -cornice emerges as parapet for outdoor space (reads as separate space) -clank facade on entrance=staircase -enter middle and go up for bedrooms, down for living
German Pavilion Barcelona, Spain 1928-29 Mies van see Rohe
-designed and constructed in less than a year--other designs were pushed to the side -structural grid of columns with floating planes -chrome cruciform columns--more aesthetic solution to prefabricated materials -mix of opaque and transparent glass -marble is on outside to hide prefabricated materials -reveal (space between ceiling and plane) in marble interiors -new idea: classical sculpture mixed with modern design
Piet Mondian 1872-1944
-develop theory of art--neoclassicism -geometry of straight line, circle, and square -asymmetrical form -inspired by nature -express movement of space *planes and color as space *Furniture as sculpture (not utilitarian) *planes don't make corners
Weissenhof Siedlung Stuttgart, Germany 1927 Mies can set Rohe
-different Architects working in Modernism --white stucco box -all different personal touches in buildings -Mira's design was 4 buildings linked together to become an apartment complex -Corb designed 3 of the buildings -central core (stairs) with big and little unit; stacked mechanical (bathrooms)
Tugendhat House Brno, Czech Republic 1928-30 Mies van set Rohe
-enter at top and goes into site down to lower level area -cloth curtains form walls/planes between rooms -use: view, art, and materials to define space -Mies interested in larger spatial ideas from Wright but uses details
Hendrick Petrus Berlage 1865-1934
-father of Dutch modernism -influenced by Wright and Richardson -Dutch, Netherlands, and Amsterdam area
Stock Exchange Amsterdam, Holland 1898-1903 Dutch Expressionism/De Stijl Hendrick Petrus Berlage
-fills site edge to edge -clock/bell tower at corner pf entry -in between plain and decorative -massive brick walls carry light truss to support glass roof* -Romanesque in detailing
Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering Hall IIT Chicago, IL 1945-46 Mies van der Rohe
-first appearance of Mies Corner -glass and brick infill within a frame -back wall of auditorium is curved (acoustic) LOW RISE
Lily Wright
-first ever woman member of Werkbund -designs furniture with Mies -stainless steel frames*** -all handcrafted ***
Usonian Houses Madison, WI 1936-37 Late Frank Lloyd Wright
-for middle class people--Wright's redesigned America -tiny brick core (tallest part of house) -2 1/2" bearing walls (designed thin) -thin roof plane (looks thing but actually 3 layers)
Riehl House Potsdam, Germany 1907 Mies van der Rohe
-foreshadows Mies's ideas of space -screen porch connected to retaining wall (Modern) -interior designed so that doors can be hidden (one room--interconnected house/space)
Pavilion Suisse Cite Universitaire Paris, France 1930-32 Le Corbuiser
-foundation built on piles (support dog bone shaped piloti)--very few piles -dorm for university (first ever with private shower) -makes them more livable -living side: ribbon window -"machine in the garden" -service side: punched windows -mechanical becomes "spine" of building -walls of stair become glass blocks: light but can't be seen from exterior
Maison Citrohan never built 1922 Le Corbuiser
-idea of car mixed with house -factory windows inserted in housing -5 points developed in space
Friedrichstrasse Office Building Competition Entry 1921 Mies van der Rohe
-ignores most of the rules for competition -all glass box -symbol of early modernism/Avante Garde (*symbol for Mies himself) -triangle site with roads -light in the core
Ozenfant Studio Paris, France 1922 Le Corbuiser
-industrial idea (everything looks factory made, but not actually made in factory) -saw-tooth roof and big window for maximum lighting --flat skylight= cube at the corner
Farnsworth House Plano, IL 1945-50 Mies van der Rohe
-lifted off the ground (Fox River floods) -more Arts and Crafts than Industrialized -obsessed with proportion and geometry -open plan (only 2 doors; no operable windows -millions act as small structure piece -CLEAR SPAN
Pavilion De L' Espirit Nouveau Paris, France 1977 Bolognia, Italy 1924 Le Corbuiser)
-model home (what housing should be) -exhibition for Corb's city plans -2 story garden inside adjacent to the 2 story living - service in lower side -idea is turned to large complex living
Falling Water/Kauffman House Bear Run, PA 1935-37 Late Frank Lloyd Wright
-most famous non-royal house -weekend house for the family -Wright requires a full survey of the site (every tree) -Wright put building on top of waterfall and cliff -concrete, stone, glass, and steel=all exterior materials -anchored into bedrock with sideways piles--cantilevered over cliff -as much outdoor space as indoor space (hard to tell where one ends and the other begins) -heavy stone=service/BOH - built around trees -natural stone of site=floor (polished + waxed= looks like water) -built-in furniture; cantilevers like the house
Cite of Refuge Paris, France 1931-33 Le Corbuiser
-now is Salvation Army homeless shelter -male/female separated -small rooms at top of building for families -Corb came back and reinvented the windows (too much light)
Notre Dam-du-Haut Ronchamp, France 1950-54 Le Corbusier Post WWII
-pilgrimage church -dedicated to Mary (original church was bombed WWII) -doors exist between 3 walls (in plan) -punctured hole in wall create a dematerializing holy light
The Bauhaus Dessau, Germany 1925-26 Walter Gropius International Style|Modern
-pinwheel plan -each function is linked but separate -bridge across main buildings connected is offices -large curtain windows -climate wasn't a factor in the design -shut down during WWII and turned into a school again
Project for a Brick House Unbuilt 1923 Mies can see Rohe
-plan based idea; not 3dimensionally formed -walls extend into the landscape -abstract relationship in plan--walls=site; architecture disappears
London House London, England 1915-16 Amsterdam School Hendrick Petrus Berlage
- built during war -influenced by Chicago/Sullivan -one of 1st steel framed buildings in England -because of angle, street view makes it look solid (no windows) -looks solid and weighty & light and delicate simultaneously -very little ornament; but the materiality varies to create decoration -glazed brick interior -blue tile brick on basement level to simulate below sea level
Ward Willits House Highland Park, IL 1901 Prairie Style Frank Lloyd Wright
-"High Prairie House Style" -stucco wall on stepped foundation -contrasting wood trim (*horizontality*) -porch is covered--looks like part of house -chimney is tight & low to the house (no verticality) -use of planters in architecture brings in nature -cruciform plan (pinwheels from hearth and stair) -reminiscent of Japanese influence
860-880 Lakeshore Drive Chicago, IL 1948-51 Mies van der Rohe
-1ST ALL GLASS APARTMENT BUILDING -borrows ideas from previous projects -juxtaposition=never looking at building next door -two buildings -parking into plinth at base (underground) -core is off centered (big and small units) -kitchen and bath tied to central core -HIGH RISE
Charles Edouard Jeanneret-Gris Le Corbusier
-Architect, painter, theoretician, urban planner -training at local trade school (Art Nouveau Style) -travels through Europe--looks at history and meets contemporary Architects for inspiration -GALLUZO MONASTERY-- encounters peaceful monk life and all his work is based on this building -looks at history--turns it modern (non repetitive)
Seagram Building NYC 1954-58 Mies van der Rohe
-all glass;facade is bronze -38 stories talk; reinforced shear steel core -combine brace frame with moment frame (1st to do this) -"privately owned public space "--large open courtyard in front and can view this building and the one across the street better -designed around elevators -same Mies corners as little building -HIGH RISE
Frederick Robie House South Chicago, IL 1909 Prairie Style Frank Lloyd Wright
-LAST PRAIRIE STYLE HOUSE -1st house to use welded steel (steel frame to hold roof overhang) -Roman brick -wall with sunken court -ties to nature but provides privacy from busy street -hearth sunken into house -lowered ceilings on aisles
Unity Temple Oak Park, IL 1903-07 Prairie Style Frank Lloyd Wright
-site-cast construction (1st in America) -on main street of residential part of town -turns back to street (like a fortress) -slot between primary mass and secondary mass -cubic building; emphasized horizontality -invented own column capitals -primary space is "floating" in section above catacomb-like space -idea or organic architecture (not organic shapes but big picture and detail work together) -clerestory and skylight makes ceiling "disappear" -BOH is integrated instead of tucked away
Larkin Building Buffalo, New York 1903 Prairie Style Frank Lloyd Wright
-steel frame with masonry exterior -Wright claimed he designed Sullivan's buildings (he lied to get the job) -Primary Block; Secondary Block; Entry between them -mass or stair is decorative and mechanical -highly introverted (hidden door) -screen ideas of houses in larger scale -1st "modern" office building with heating, cooling, etc -custom file cabinets built into walls
The Imperial Hotel Tokyo, Japan 1916-20 Prairie Style Frank Lloyd Wright
-survived 1923 earthquake -"floating raft" on top of piles -guest rooms pushed to outside -similar to Beaux Arts plan -piers and glass connect interior to exterior -double H plan
Laura Gale House Oak Park, IL 1909 Prairie Style Frank Lloyd Wright
-tight urban lot=projecting balconies--horizontality is emphasized but still vertical -big pier blocks entrance to interior -screen: making different rooms without a wall--hearth used this way - used mechanical systems to be structural
Crown Hall IIT Chicago, IL 1950-56 Mies van der Rohe
-true free plan (Mies goes back to it) -main floor lifted up--huge windows in basement -cheating the structure (reinforcing planes)--it looks how he wants it done visually -all program in basement (without free plan) -curtain wall extends so it looks like ceiling plane is floating -light flooded basement (doesn't feel like basement) -CLEAR SPAN
Unite d'Habitation Marseilles, France 1947-52 Le Corbusier Post WWII
-uses people's fear of war as propaganda -lifted on piloti -built for residents (not dorms) -built to mimic ocean liner -free plan grid frame (conceptual idea) -hallway on every other floor (minimizes circulation) -alternating unit design -long and skinny bedrooms
Five Points All Architecture Should Have: Le Corbuiser
1.) Elevate the first floor off the ground (Piloti) 2.) Flat roof or roof garden 3.) Free Plan 4.) Horizontal or Ribbon Windows 5.) Free Facade **The idea is more important than the reality
3 Major Building Types
1.) low rise skeletal frame 2.) high rise skeletal frame 3.) clear span
Wasmuth Portfolio
A two-volume folio of 100 lithographs of the work of the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. -A way to get out of town after his affair. -"Instigator of Modern Architecture."
The Modular
Le Corbusier -about redefining; not about designing
Vers une architecture 1923
The polemical book contains seven essays, all but one of which were published in the magazine L'Esprit Nouveau beginning in 1921. Each essay dismisses the contemporary trends of eclecticism and art deco, replacing them with architecture that was meant to be more than a stylistic experiment; rather, an architecture that would fundamentally change how humans interacted with buildings. This new mode of living derived from a new spirit defining the industrial age, demanding a rebirth of architecture based on function and a new aesthetic based on pure form.