HDFS Test 3

Student views of leadership in Native American's are more (6)

'To serve people' humanistic person-oriented honest intuitive less ambitious

Sources of differences: cultural variant approach (3)

Differences passed down from culture of origin Differences of experiences within America Attend to situational aspects/contextual influences

How did gender roles in African American families change during the post-emancipation era? Many families migrated to the northeast, and men were able to obtain employment more easily than women. Thus for this group gender roles were relatively traditional. Many families migrated to the southwest, and women found it easier to obtain employment than men. Thus women began to take on some of the breadwinning role; gender roles were relatively egalitarian. Many families migrated to the southwest, and men were able to obtain employment more easily than women. Thus for this group gender roles were relatively traditional. Many families migrated to the northeast, and women found it easier to obtain employment than men. Thus women began to take on some of the breadwinning role; gender roles were relatively egalitarian.

Many families migrated to the northeast, and women found it easier to obtain employment than men. Thus women began to take on some of the breadwinning role; gender roles were relatively egalitarian.

Your friend knows a Native American who lives in Saint Louis. She says that her Native-American friend frequently gets in trouble with the law and abuses drugs. What is her Native-American friend's most likely acculturation status? Bicultural. Marginal. Assimilated. Traditional.

Marginal

What can be said about marriages of Native-Americans to non-Native-Americans, and the implications of this phenomenon? Marriage rates to non-Native-Americans are quite low; however birth rates are also low, to the point where many Native Americans are worried about Native-American culture disappearing. Marriage rates to non-Native-Americans are quite high; to the point where many Native Americans are worried about Native-American culture disappearing. Marriage rates to non-Native-Americans are quite high; however most non-Native-Americans adopt Native American cultural traditions and Native-American cultures are thriving. Marriage rates to non-Native-Americans are quite low, and birth rates are high; as a result Native-American cultures are thriving.

Marriage rates to non-Native-Americans are quite high; to the point where many Native Americans are worried about Native-American culture disappearing.

Qualities that Native-Americans attempt to instill in children (self-sufficience/collectivism)

Milestones: first walking, talking- are not as viewed since parents expect children to do work at an early age; grow up faster

Understand the points mentioned about habits of communication (3)

Native American people tend to value silence- believe if you do not have anything to say, then do not say it respect- people will often not make direct eye contact or ask direct questions, especially when dealing with people in authority more appropriate to communicate with a sensitive situation with a third party- indirect speech by speaking to other person

Have an understanding of gender roles: Men (3)

Roles in family vary according to tribe Men usually involved in socializing and disciplining in some way Participation in military is important

The following event happened to both Robert Williams and John Hope Franklin (two African-American scholars mentioned in Video 5): They were at events (conferences, dinner celebrations in honor of their achievements) where white women politely approached them asking them for their coats. The women assumed that they were coat-checkers. Which of the following types of racism discussed by Anthony James does this most closely resemble? Individual Racism. Institutional Racism. Internalized Racism. Silent Racism.

Silent racism

relate Schwartz's values to Native-American Values on harmony with nature (3)

Similar to Schwartz idea of harmony versus mastery UNITY WITH NATURE (fitting into nature) PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT (preserving nature) A WORLD OF BEAUTY (beauty of nature and the arts)

While poverty rates in African American families are an important issue that is discussed by politicians, the media, and researchers, there are some problematic aspects regarding the discussion. Which of the following was a problem that was discussed in the lectures? The discussion is often more about placing blame than finding solutions. The discussion ignores cultural issues. A focus on poverty can cause us to forget successes. A focus on poverty ignores issues of diversity

A focus on poverty can cause us to forget successes

We discussed a study where researchers looked at two-parent and single female families in European-American and African-American groups. What did the research find and how were the findings explained? A single female family status was associated with lower math scores and higher levels of delinquency for European- but not African-American children. African-American children from single-female families might have been "protected" by more supportive kin networks. A single female family status was associated with lower math scores and higher levels of delinquency for African- but not European-American children. European-American children might have been "protected" by access to better resources. A single female family status was associated with lower math scores and higher levels of delinquency for European- but not African-American children. African-American childrenmight have been "protected" because their mothers are very dominant. A single female family status was associated with lower math scores and higher levels of delinquency for African- but not European-American children. European-Americans children might have been "protected" the fact that they don't experience discrimination.

A single female family status was associated with lower math scores and higher levels of delinquency for European- but not African-American children. African-American children from single-female families might have been "protected" by more supportive kin networks.

cultural deviant/deficit (5)

Acknowledge cultural differences- mainstream norms are ideal Minority groups are distinct. *Mainstream values/norms ideal by comparing minority groups to mainstream departures from normative values and/or "ideal family" dysfunctional assimilation desirable (values)

We discussed a study that sent applications to jobs advertised in newspapers in two major cities. The researchers sent resumes to the advertisers that were identical except that some had African-American sounding names and some had European-American sounding names. What did they find? Advertisers called back equal numbers of "people" with African-American and European-American sounding names. Advertisers called back equal percentages of the two groups of people, but were less likely to offer jobs to the African-American applicants. African-American owned companies were more likely to call back "people" with African-American sounding names; European-American owned companies were more likely to call back "people" with European-American sounding names. Advertisers were more likely to call back the "people" with the European-American sounding names.

Advertisers were more likely to call back the "people" with the European-American sounding names.

Wilkinson says that non-impoverished African American families have many aspects in common. What are some of these aspects? An emphasis on education, two parents, and a positive attitude toward having children. An emphasis on education, extended family involvement, and a positive attitude toward having children. Extended family involvement, a positive attitude toward having children, and an emphasis on education. Extended family involvement, two parents, and an emphasis on education.

An emphasis on education, two parents, and a positive attitude toward having children.

What was said in the lectures about Native American spirituality? Native American spirituality was largely destroyed in the 1800s due to the practice of placing children in boarding schools. As compared to mainstream culture, Native American spiritualty tends to be experienced much more as a part of daily life. The spirituality of Native American individuals varies a great deal from tribe to tribe. Levels of spirituality tend to be most strongly associated with individuals who have a marginal acculturation status.

As compared to mainstream culture, Native American spirituality tends to be experienced much more as a part of daily life.

In native american societies, ___ is viewed negatively by peers.

Assertiveness

It was said that in the early 1800s and beyond, the government tried to promote a certain pattern of acculturation in Native American tribes. What was this pattern? Assimilation. Integration. Marginalization. Unification.

Assimilation

Cultural variant researchers argue that it is important to examine variations within families from non-majority groups (e.g., African-American, Hispanic-American, Asian-American). Why do they say that it is important to do so? Because families from non-majority groups have a different set of standards to live up to than families from the mainstream, and it is important to determine what the different standards are. Because families from non-majority cultural groups have many more barriers to success than families from European-American groups and we need to determine what those barriers are. Because families from non-majority cultural groups don't face the same kinds of pressures and standards that European-American families face and these pressures need to be taken into account. Because families from non-majority cultural groups might have their own ways of achieving success that differ European-American families and it is important to determine what these ways are.

Because families from non-majority cultural groups might have their own ways of achieving success that differ European-American families and it is important to determine what these ways are.

The cultural variant approach tends to emphasize the role that contextual influences play in influencing the ways that families of different subcultures function. Why is this an important contribution? Because if we ignore contextual factors that influence families from different subcultures, we cannot adequately help families of those subcultures to succeed. Because if we ignore contextual factors that influence families from different subcultures, we think of those families in more stereotyped terms. Because if we ignore contextual factors that influence families from different subcultures, we underestimate the role that cultural values play in family functioning. Because it helps us to understand that families everywhere basically have the same challenges and the same ways of overcoming those challenges.

Because if we ignore contextual factors that influence families from different subcultures, we cannot adequately help families of those subcultures to succeed.

In the lectures, a study by Brody and Flor was mentioned, where no-nonsense parenting in African American families was associated with a certain child outcome. What outcome was it associated with? Higher levels of externalizing in children. Better self-regulation skills in children. Higher levels of life-satisfaction in children. Lower levels of intellectual inquisitiveness in children.

Better self-regulation skills in children.

You have a Native-American friend, Tom, who lives in Columbia and is studying to be an architect. He travels back frequently to visit his family on a reservation, and tries to participate in traditional ceremonies when he is there. What is Tom's most likely acculturation status? Assimilated. Traditional. Marginal. Bicultural.

Bicultural

Acculturation on different "outcomes" where relevant (patterns of income and education; patterns of change over time) Bicultural families (4)

Bicultural families tend to be the most adjusted highest standard of living good levels of education involved in mainstream- learn skills that help you in the job market and better education

Which of the following statements is most true of Native American elderly people? Compared to European American elderly people, in Native American communities, elders, tend to be shown more respect. They also tend to be well-off financially. Compared to European American elderly people, Native American elders tend to be more financially well-off. However, they are less likely than European American elders to be consulted by younger people for advice. Compared to European American elderly people, in Native American communities, elders, tend to be shown more respect. However, they also have more difficulty with poverty. Compared to European American elderly people, Native American elders tend to be less financially well-off. However, they are less likely to be negatively affected by impoverishment than European American elderly people.

Compared to European American elderly people, in Native American communities, elders, tend to be shown more respect. However, they also have more difficulty with poverty.

Of the following, which description of Schwarz's values best applies to the traditional values of most Native American groups? Choose the best response. Conservatism/collectivism and Mastery tend to be emphasized. Conservatism/collectivism and Harmony tend to be emphasized. Harmony and Egalitarianism tend to be emphasized. Mastery and Egalitarianism tend to be emphasized.

Conservatism/collectivism and Harmony tend to be emphasized.

Of the following, who was mentioned as an example of African American success in politics? Anne Fudge Richard Parsons Corey Booker John Hope Franklin

Corey Booker

Moynihan was a US senator who argued that there are high rates of poverty in African-American families because African-American families have gender roles that depart from mainstream values. What type of approach does this thinking best reflect? Cultural variant. A combination of cultural variant and cultural equivalent. Cultural deficit. A combination of cultural deficit and cultural equivalent.

Cultural deficit

A researcher is examining parents and children within a subculture of the USA (group X). She is assessing levels of academic achievement, and is trying to determine what factors are associated with academic excellence for children from group X. Her working assumption is that the things that predict academic success for European-Americans don't necessarily predict academic success for people from group X. What research approach does this most resemble, as mentioned in the lectures? Cultural variant. Cultural deviant. Cultural equivalent. Cultural divergent.

Cultural variant

Stack argues that for African American families, discrimination and the poverty it creates, as well as other situational aspects (e.g., welfare policies) influence African American rates of single female families. What type of approach is this? Cultural Deficit Cultural Equivalent Cultural Context Cultural Variant

Cultural variant

Know the labels and definitions of the patterns of acculturation described by Berry (culture of origin)

Culture of origin: continuum of minimally involved to highly involved

Understand the point made about considering Native Americans as one group versus diversity within the group

Distinct tribes and histories Do feel an affinity for each other because of shared history Society thinks of them as one thing Commonalities in spiritual belief Just because one tribe does something, doesn't mean every other tribe does it as well

Relationships and Family Roles: Elders (2)

Elders are given *lots of respect*/looked up to as wise- consulted when making decisions, more so than elders in the mainstream. More focus Tend to have higher levels of poverty

Garcia Coll summarized research, and that certain ways of dealing with discrimination tend to be associated with better developmental outcomes for African-American children. What did she say? Parents who point out the negative effects of discrimination have children who are better prepared to deal with discrimination. Emphasizing pride in one's culture and the people in it is very helpful for children's developmental outcomes. The best way of dealing with discrimination is to ignore it unless the child brings it up as an issue and wants to talk about it. It is best to wait to talk with children about discrimination until children have entered adolescence.

Emphasizing pride in one's culture and the people in it is very helpful for children's developmental outcomes

You are a social worker dealing with a Native American family whose child is having difficulties at school. The mother, who lives with the child, seems to be unaware of the child's difficulties. How would you interpret this apparent lack of awareness? Choose the best response. Even though the mother lives with the child, her lack of awareness might exist because she is not the child's primary caregiver. The mother's lack of awareness of the child's school problems might be due to the fact that children's behavior at school is not something Native Americans care much about. In this tribe, males might have more power than females and the mother might be afraid to express her point of view. The mother's lack of awareness might be due to the fact that much of the mother's day-to-day attention is directed toward more spiritual concerns.

Even though the mother lives with the child, her lack of awareness might exist because she is not the child's primary caregiver.

Understand the roles and characteristics of extended family, including fictive kin

Extended family live together & fictive kin (Grandpa, Friend)

What point was made about cultural diversity in African American families? There was a great deal of cultural diversity in the past, but due to slavery, African American culture is lacking in diversity. Families may be comprised of people from the Carribean, South America, Europe, and Africa, as well as people who have ancestors who were slaves. There is little cultural diversity in the southeast, but in the north east, especially New York, there is a great deal of cultural diversity. African American almost always families tend to have slave origins, but the ancestors who were slaves came from many parts of Africa.

Families may be comprised of people from the Caribbean, South America, Europe and Africa, as well as people who have ancestors who were slaves

What types of gender roles did slave families bring with them from Africa, and how did slavery influence gender roles in America? In Africa, females typically had the most prominent role in family life. In the USA, this continued to be the case, with males providing emotional support and help with domestic activities. Gender roles in Africa were quite traditional, but the male role of protector and provider became even more important than in Africa, because in the USA, males had to protect the family from slavery. Gender roles in Africa were quite traditional, but males could not perform the typical role of protector and provider in the USA. Instead, males provided emotional support and help with domestic activities. In Africa, males typically had the most prominent role in family life. However, because of slavery, males became less involved in family life and they also became more aggressive in nature.

Gender roles in Africa were quite traditional, but males could not perform the typical role of protector and provider in the USA. Instead, males provided emotional support and help with domestic activities.

What point did John Hope Franklin make about African American culture and American mainstream culture? He said that the two are strongly interwoven and one cannot consider one without also considering the other. He said that African-American culture should best be developed separately from American mainstream culture; this will help to preserve African American values. He said that African American families have unique ways to success that do not occur in American mainstream culture. He said that African American families need to take on the values of the American mainstream in order to achieve success.

He said that the two are strongly interwoven and one cannot consider one without also considering the other.

The cultural variant approach has a specific way of thinking about the relationships between poverty rates and single female families. Which of the following most accurately describes that way of thinking? Higher rates of single female families cause higher rates of poverty. Poverty rates and rates of single female families are unrelated. Higher poverty rates cause higher rates of single female families. Higher rates of single female families and higher poverty rates are both caused by males not identifying with the traditional male role of provider and protector.

Higher poverty rates cause higher rates of single female families.

The cultural variant approach sees family structure, and poverty as being part of a certain chain of events. Which of the following is that chain of events? Non-traditional gender roles lead to higher rates of single female family structures, which lead to higher rates of poverty. Higher rates of discrimination lead to higher rates of depression, which lead to higher rates of single female family structures and higher rates of poverty. Higher rates of discrimination lead to higher rates of poverty, which lead to marital instability and higher rates of single female family structures. Non-traditional gender roles lead to higher rates of depression, which lead to higher rates of single female families and higher rates of poverty.

Higher rates of discrimination lead to higher rates of poverty, which lead to marital instability and higher rates of single female family structures.

Have an understanding of gender roles: Single-parent families (2)

Hit hard in Native American culture Family structure and poverty

We discussed a study where the researchers (Fazio et al.) assessed racial "attitudes" in two ways. One was through a self-report measure of what people thought of the Rodney King trial (a legal trial involving racist behavior by police officers). The other was an African American research assistant's ratings of how friendly and interested people seemed in what she was saying. What type of racism predicts the latter type of attitudes--how friendly people were? Explicit racism. Institutional racism. Internalized racism. Implicit racism.

Implicit racism

Which of the following most accurately describes Native American males and their roles in families? Choose the best response. In all tribes, males play the role of protector and provider for their children. In some tribes the father is the leader and in other tribes the mother is the leader, but males are always involved in socializing children in some way. In some tribes, males are involved in socializing their children, and in other tribes, males focus on providing for the family and are not involved in socializing children. In all tribes, males focus on their roles as warriors; they are not involved in socializing children.

In some tribes the father is the leader and in other tribes the mother is the leader, but males are always involved in socializing children in some way.

Moynihan argues that in African American families, slavery created non-normative gender roles, which in turn caused families to break up, and poverty rates to rise. What is a major problem with his argument? African American families did not have high poverty rates until the mid-1900s. Many African American families thrived even without a father present. In the period following emancipation, almost all African American families were nuclear. Most African American families lived in the northern states where slavery was banned.

In the period following emancipation, almost all African American families were nuclear.

You meet a person who is not African-American, and who says that people of African background can't be trusted. Which of the following types of racism discussed by Anthony James does this most closely resemble? Silent Racism. Institutional Racism. Individual Racism. Internalized Racism.

Individual racism

In Wisconsin, it was found that managers at a local Target store simply tore up applications with African-American sounding names (see the links for this week). They didn't even read the applications. Which of the following types of racism discussed by Anthony James does this most closely resemble? Individual Racism. Institutional Racism. Silent Racism. Internalized Racism.

Institutional racism

Behavior- acculturation

Integrated/Bicultural Separated/ Traditional Assimilated Marginal

You are talking with an African-American teenager, and ask him where he is planning to go to college. He says that "people like me" don't go to college. You ask what he means by "people like me" and he answers, "You know; black people." Which of the following types of racism discussed by Anthony James does this most closely resemble? Institutional Racism. Internalized Racism. Individual Racism. Silent Racism.

Internalized racism

Know how religion and everyday life are related (2)

Intrinsic part of living- more than mainstream (Only going to church on Sunday and then forgetting for the rest of the week) Religion spreads day to day interactions with all aspects of the world

Know the labels and definitions of the patterns of acculturation described by Berry (host culture)

Involvement of mainstream/host culture: continuum of minimal to highly involved

How does the cultural deficit approach explain higher rates of poverty in African American families? It argues that males do not have a strong role to play in families, which leads to marital instability and high rates of poverty. It argues that discrimination creates fewer economic opportunities, which leads to marital instability and higher rates of poverty. It argues that higher rates of poverty in African American families are caused by lower levels of success in education. It argues that higher rates of poverty are caused by historical events and that they cannot be changed.

It argues that males do not have a strong role to play in families, which leads to marital instability and high rates of poverty.

A fair bit of research regarding family relationships tends to examine middle-class samples. Often, the samples contain percentages such as the following: 75% European-American, 10% African-American, 8 % Latino-American, 5 % Asian-American, and 2% other. Differences between cultural groups are not examined; instead, generalizations about families in general are made from the research. What is a problem with this approach? It assumes that families from all cultures are equivalent. It assumes that families from non-majority cultures are deviant. It assumes that families from all cultures diverge in important ways. It assumes that families from non-majority groups vary from mainstream culture.

It assumes that families from all cultures are equivalent.

You are talking with a friend, and she tells you that there is a Native American student in her class who doesn't talk much. Your friend thinks the Native American student is not interested in interacting with her. What would you tell your friend? It could be that this person is not talking much because in her culture of origin, it is normative not to speak unless you really have something to say. It could be that this person is not talking much because she has experienced a great deal of discrimination and it is difficult to trust others as a result. It could be that this person is not talking much because in her culture of origin, people are discouraged from talking with others who are not members of their tribe. It could be that this person is not talking much because in her culture of origin, females are taught to be submissive.

It could be that this person is not talking much because in her culture of origin, it is normative not to speak unless you really have something to say.

A researcher finds that children from cultural group X have lower rates of academic achievement than children from European-American families. He explains that children from group x tend to have lower levels of academic achievement because their parents don't value education as much as parents from European-American families. What is a problem with this explanation, according to the lectures? It ignores the strengths that families from European-American groups have. It places an emphasis on academic achievement more than other important outcomes, such as socio-emotional functioning. It ignores contextual influences that might be influencing the findings. It ignores non-formal types of academic achievement in favor of things such as GPA.

It ignores contextual influences that might be influencing the findings.

Moynihan was a US senator who argued that there are high rates of poverty in African-American families because African-American families have gender roles that depart from mainstream values. What is a major problem with this line of reasoning? It does not take into account historical factors that have played a role in poverty rates. It overemphasizes the role that contextual influences play in poverty rates. It views African -American families and all other families in the USA to be essentially the same. It ignores the role that discrimination plays in poverty rates.

It ignores the role that discrimination plays in poverty rates.

relate Schwartz's values to Native-American Values on mastery

Mainstream culture when you change the environment to suit the needs of the south; social or physical environment

Mainstream culture on communication

Mainstream- tendency to feel the need to talk since European Americans believe silence is showing lack of respect

While it is a generalization, what was said in the lectures about Native American families and their attitudes toward mainstream health care? Native Americans prefer to engage in their own health-care traditions rather than receive mainstream healthcare. Native Americans sometimes prefer to engage in their own health-care traditions and sometimes prefer to receive mainstream healthcare, depending upon the tribe in question. Native Americans are typically willing to receive mainstream healthcare but sometimes might want to engage in their traditional health-care practices first. Native Americans usually prefer to receive mainstream healthcare; they have mostly abandoned traditional health care practices.

Native Americans are typically willing to receive mainstream healthcare but sometimes might want to engage in their traditional health-care practices first.

Separation/sanctuaries

Native-Americans were given land to live on separate from the rest of the population This land was low in resources and value

Moynihan was a US senator who argued that there are high rates of poverty in African-American families because African-American families have gender roles that depart from mainstream values. What was the specific chain of events that he said led to this situation? Non-traditional gender roles led to discrimination from the mainstream, which led to lower rates of employment, which led to poverty. Non-traditional gender roles led to marriages being weak, which led to higher rates of single female families, which led to poverty. Non-traditional gender roles led to feelings of alienation from the mainstream, which led to less motivation to succeed, which led to poverty. Non-traditional gender roles led to feelings of alienation from the mainstream, which led to discrimination, which led to poverty.

Non-traditional gender roles led to marriages being weak, which led to higher rates of single female families, which led to poverty.

Of the following, who was mentioned as an example of African American success in business? James O'Hannon Richard Parsons Robert Williams Corey Booker

Richard Parsons

Often when people discuss poverty in African American families, people focus on the high rates of single female families as being the "cause" of poverty. Of the following, what is one valid qualification that was mentioned in the lectures? Not all single female families are impoverished and not all impoverished families are single-female. Families that are single female actually tend to have less conflict and stress than families where there is a mother and father. Single female African-American families actually have lower rates of poverty than African-American nuclear families. Single female families tend to receive much more government support than African-American nuclear families.

Not all single female families are impoverished and not all impoverished families are single-female.

Two groups of people formed the early post-emancipation African-American middle class. What were these groups? People who came as indentured servants, and people who came from Africa after emancipation. People who came as indentured servants, and slaves (and their descendants) who were freed by their "owners." Slaves (and their descendants) who were freed by their "owners" and people who came from the Caribbean after emancipation. People who came from Africa after emancipation and people who emigrated from the Caribbean after emancipation.

People who came as indentured servants, and slaves (and their descendants) who were freed by their "owners."

What is implicit racism? A person consciously thinks thoughts that reflect negative stereotypes but does not express them. Racist or (negative) stereotyped assumptions are made automatically, without conscious awareness. People in positions of authority are polite to African American job applicants but systematically do not hire them. People think negatively of themselves because they think negatively of their race.

Racist or (negative) stereotyped assumptions are made automatically, without conscious awareness.

Have an understanding of gender roles: Women

Regardless of organization around either gender; women tend to be more valued as part of the group versus women in mainstream society

A researcher examines school achievement in European-American and Latino families. She also measures the parenting styles of their children. She finds that children in Latino families have higher high school dropout rates than children from European-American families. She also finds that Latino parents are less likely to engage in authoritative practices than European-American parents. She concludes that the reason that Latino children drop out of school at higher rates is because their parents don't engage in authoritative parenting as much as they should. What type of research approach to studying subcultures within the USA does this reflect? The cultural equivalent approach. The cultural variant approach. A mix of the cultural equivalent and cultural variant approaches. The cultural deficit approach.

The cultural deficit approach

You are a social worker, and a colleague comes into the office looking disconcerted. She was visiting with a Native American family, and she says that the family is not interested in working with her. You ask her how she knows this, and she says that though the father and mother answered her questions, they avoided looking at her directly, as if they were bothered by her presence. What would you tell your colleague that might help? Choose the best response. The family might be disinterested in interacting with the social worker because historically, agents of the government have tended to be agents of oppression. The family might be disinterested in interacting with the social worker because of the history of discrimination that Native American people have experienced. The family might actually be interested working with the social worker but might be avoiding eye contact with her because this is a way that Native Americans often show respect. The family actually might be interested in working with the social worker but might not have the time to work with her due to having to meet pressing economic needs.

The family might actually be interested working with the social worker but might be avoiding eye contact with her because this is a way that Native Americans often show respect.

You are a speech therapist who is talking with a Native American father of a child who has a speech disorder. You are asking the father different questions about the child, in order to better understand the nature of the child's problems. The father tends to look away from you toward the mother when he answers your questions. How should you interpret this behavior? The father is most likely insulted by something that you said. The father is most likely looking at the mother because it is more culturally appropriate for Native American mothers to answer questions about children. The father is most likely displaying the value of harmony by communicating less directly. The father is most likely showing you respect by not looking directly at you.

The father is most likely showing you respect by not looking directly at you.

Anthony James has talked about how Barack Obama would be walking down the street, and his (white) grandmother would cross the street when a group of black teenagers would be walking toward them. Anthony has said that while she (or anyone else that does this) might have legitimate safety concerns in some cases, from the perspective of the boys walking toward them, it causes problems. What are the problems and what kind of racism does it reflect? The problem is that it conveys to the teenagers that that they can't be trusted because of their appearance. It is silent racism. The problem is that it actually emboldens African American teenagers to act more aggressively. It is silent racism. The problem is that it conveys to the teenagers that that they can't be trusted because of their appearance. It is institutional racism. The problem is that it actually emboldens African American teenagers to act more aggressively. It is institutional racism.

The problem is that it conveys to the teenagers that that they can't be trusted because of their appearance. It is silent racism.

Of the following, which is the best definition of acculturation? The process of a subcultural group becoming more like the cultural mainstream. The process of cultural change when coming into contact with another culture. The process of becoming more familiar with the cultural traditions of one's culture of origin. The process of cultural change that occurs when one loses one's cultural traditions.

The process of cultural change when coming into contact with another culture.

Acculturation (2)

The process of cultural change when two cultures come into contact how do families change as they live longer in the united states?

What can be said about Native American single female families and poverty rates? The rates of poverty in Native American single female families are very similar to the poverty rates in mainstream single female families. The rates of poverty in Native American single female families are much lower than the poverty rates in mainstream single female families. The rates of poverty in Native American single female families are sometimes higher and sometimes lower than the poverty rates in mainstream single female families, depending on the tribe in question. The rates of poverty in Native American single female families are much higher than the poverty rates in mainstream single female families.

The rates of poverty in Native American single female families are much higher than the poverty rates in mainstream single female families.

Which of the following most accurately describes Native American females and their roles in families? Choose the best response. The role of female varies from tribe to tribe, but in all tribes, the female's role is given a higher status than in mainstream society. In all tribes, females tend to have less power than males. In some tribes, females are involved in socializing their children but in other tribes, males do all of the socializing. In all tribes, females tend to have more power than males, although the specific roles that women play vary from tribe to tribe.

The role of female varies from tribe to tribe, but in all tribes, the female's role is given a higher status than in mainstream society.

Your friend knows a Native-American male, Agwe, who comes from a tribe where they have a green corn ceremony in May. He says that Native-American tribes revere corn. What would your first response be to his statement? Choose the best response. There are a lot of different Native American tribes, and what happens in one tribe doesn't necessarily apply to all tribes. Native Americans have a very spiritual connection to the land, and that is why all Native American tribes have corn ceremonies. While all Native American tribes revere corn, that doesn't mean that this is the most important aspect of their daily life. The reason that all Native American tribes have corn ceremonies is because corn was a crop that was native to this land.

There are a lot of different Native American tribes, and what happens in one tribe doesn't necessarily apply to all tribes.

You know a Native American family who lives in your city. They try to practices the cultural traditions of their tribe, and speak their tribal language. They also spend a fair bit of time visiting other people from their tribe on a nearby reservation. What implications does this have regarding the family's experiences with mainstream culture? Most likely the family is not highly involved in mainstream cultural practices. Families that are highly involved in their culture of origin don't have the time to be involved in mainstream culture. There are no implications that this has for the family's experiences of mainstream culture. Participation in one's culture of origin and the mainstream culture are two separate issues. Most likely the family is not highly involved in mainstream cultural practices. Families that are highly involved in their culture of origin are usually not interested in being involved in mainstream culture. Most likely the family will become less involved in mainstream cultural practices. Families that are highly involved in their culture of origin sometimes are highly involved in the mainstream culture as well, but mainstream involvement tends to decline over time.

There are no implications that this has for the family's experiences of mainstream culture.

Which of the following is the best description of the traditional values of most Native American groups and Schwarz's dimension of Hierarchy vs. Egalitarianism? Choose the best response. Hierarchy is emphasized. Egalitarianism is emphasized. Tribes in which females have the most power tend to emphasize egalitarianism, whereas tribes in which males have the most power tend to emphasize hierarchy. There is no clear evidence regarding this dimension that applies to all tribes.

There is no clear evidence regarding this dimension that applies to all tribes.

Over the last 40 years, what have the trends in poverty rates been for African American families? They have increased. They have remained the same. They first increased, and then declined. They have declined.

They have declined

Know the basic point about health care: traditional vs mainstream methods. (2)

Traditional ceremonies- Family members could use mainstream healthcare, but will combine this with favor towards their own ceremonies will want to be traditional before participating in mainstream health care system

Understand the points made about family organization

Traditional family organization

In the lectures, we briefly referred to Wilkinson, who discusses different groups of non-impoverished families. What different groups does she refer to? Assimilated, Bicultural, Traditional, and Marginal families. More and less acculturated families. Upper-, middle-, and working-class families. Families that have rising versus falling socioeconomic trajectories.

Upper-, middle-, and working-class families.

Assimilated people are... culture of origin vs. mainstream/host culture

involved in host culture, not involved in culture of origin

Marginal people are.. culture of origin vs. mainstream/host culture

involved in neither culture of origin or mainstream culture

What can be said about gender roles in African American families? The gender roles in African American families have typically caused problems for many African-American families. While gender roles in African American families have been viewed as a problem, the egalitarianism and flexibility of gender roles can be considered to be a strength. Males want to be involved in family life, but the strong role that females typically have makes it difficult for them to do so. Females want men to be protectors and providers, but males seem to be uninterested in playing a prominent role in the family.

While gender roles in African American families have been viewed as a problem, the egalitarianism and flexibility of gender roles can be considered to be a strength

Is no-nonsense parenting a strength of African American families? Why or why not? No it is not a strength. It is associated with higher levels of externalizing behavior in children. Yes, it is a strength. It teaches children obedience skills which are useful later on in life. Yes, it is a strength. It is associated with better self-regulation skills in African-American children. No, it is not a strength. It is associated with lower levels of intellectual inquisitiveness in children.

Yes, it is a strength. It is associated with better self-regulation skills in African-American children.

relate Schwartz's values to Native-American Values on harmony

where one adjusts oneself to suit the environment do not disturb natural earth

Acculturation on different "outcomes" where relevant (patterns of income and education; patterns of change over time) separated/traditional and assimilated

both families tended to become more bicultural life on reservation- often will go out n experience mainstream life. Will want to learn more.

In native american societies, ___ n ____ in school are not looked upon highly. Trying to____ will make other people___

competition and effort achieve look bad

Explains behavior in terms of internal attributes- ignores situation/context

cultural deviant/deficit

A researcher conducts a study where she observes parents and children interacting. She finds that when parents acknowledge their children's feelings in conversations, children are more open about their own opinions than when parents don't acknowledge children's feelings. Her sample was comprised of 80% European-, 10% African-, 7 % Latino- and 3% Asian-American families. Her conclusions were derived from the entire 100% of families and cultural status was not examined. What research approach does this most resemble, as mentioned in the lectures? Cultural equivalent. Cultural deviant. Cultural divergent. Cultural variant.

cultural equivalent

Understand government policy regarding Native Americans (assimilation and separation/"sanctuaries"). Assimilation

government's attempt to get Native-American people to go along with their own values and beliefs

Across different native american tribes, ____ and ___ tends to be emphasized

harmony and collectivism

Hierarchy vs.egalitarianism in Native Americans: (5)

hierarchy sometimes operates: Wealth Power and authority Influential Humble

Integrated/Bicultural people are ... culture of origin vs. mainstream/host culture

highly involved in both culture of origin and in the mainstream culture

Separated/ Traditional people are... culture of origin vs. mainstream/host culture

highly involved in culture of origin, not in host/mainstream culture

Acculturation on different "outcomes" where relevant (patterns of income and education; patterns of change over time) marginal families

lowest levels of education and income tend to have difficulties with poverty

relate Schwartz's values to Native-American Values on collectivism

similar to Schwartz autonomy vs. conservatism more cooperative and less competitive

cultural variant approach (2)

this approach agrees groups are distinct; not necessary for groups to have mainstream values to function properly views minority groups on their own terms- variations within group emphasized

Acculturation: 2 sides

valuing culture of origin valuing mainstream culture

the cultural equivalent (problems?)

visible minority group is no different from mainstream majority. "We are all the same." Problems: not all the same- ignores cultural differences discrimination can be an issue