HEA 110 Test Three
What are the disadvantages of using Depo-Provera?
- Irregular bleeding or stopped bleeding altogether - Weight gain - Loss of bone density - Dizziness - Nervousness - Headache
What are the two major/serious health problems that oral contraceptives with estrogen can increase a woman's risk of experiencing from the text?
- increased risk of blood clots which may lead to stroke or heart attack and an increased risk of high blood pressure
List and describe the four characteristics of intimate relationships.
-Behavioral interdependence: refers to the impact that people have on each other as their lives and daily activities intertwine. -Need fulfillment: Intimacy, Social Integration, Nurturance, Assistance, and Affirmation. -Emotional attachment -Emotional availability
Define the term Family of origin and explain how this can make a big impact on your ability to enjoy healthy relationships.
-Family of origin: the people present in our household during our first years of life. - We initially learn about feelings, problem solving, love, intimacy, and gender roles in that time.
List the strategies for conflict resolution from our text.
-Identify the problem or issue -Generate several possible solutions -Evaluate the alternative solutions -Decide on the best solution -Implement the solution -Follow up
List and describe the early warning signs of medical complications for users of the birth control pill.
-Intermenstrual spotting -Nausea -Breast tenderness -Headaches -Weight gain -Mood changes -Missed period
Define the term conflict.
Emotional state that arises when opinions differ or the behavior of one person interferes with the behavior of another
Why is folic acid an important nutritional component of a pregnant mother's diet and what are at least two sources of folic acid (list specific type of food)?
Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects (NTD), serious birth defects of the spinal cord and the brain Food: -leafy green vegetables such as spinach -orange juice -beans
Briefly, describe the "chemical" theory of love as theorized by Helen Fisher.
Hypothesizes that attraction and falling in love follow a fairly predictable pattern based on: -Imprinting: our evolutionary patterns, genetic predispositions, and past experiences trigger a romantic reaction -Attraction: neurochemicals produce feelings of euphoria and elation -Attachment: endorphins (natural opiates) causes lovers to feel peaceful, secure, and calm -Production of a Cuddle Chemical: the brain secretes the hormone oxytocin, which stimulates sensations during love making and elicits feelings of satisfaction and attachment.
What are the three key elements of Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love?
Passion Commitment Intimacy
Describe the term Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and share what can arise from it.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease- an infection of a woman's reproductive organs. The reproductive organs include the uterus (womb), fallopian tubes, ovaries, and cervix. It can cause problems getting pregnant, problems during pregnancy, and long-term pelvic pain
Define Domestic Violence.
The use of force to control and maintain power over another person in the home environment, including both actual harm and threat of harm
Describe how communication is one of the most important components of a satisfying and stable relationship
Two people who want to be in a relationship bring different needs and values in which some coincide and some do not therefore they need compromise through communication.
List and briefly describe the tips shared in our text on coping with failed relationships.
- Acknowledge that you've gone through a rough spot -Let go of negative thought patterns and habits - Make a promise to yourself: no new relationships until you've moved past the last one
List and describe the five needs that we fulfill through relationships with others
-Intimacy: someone with whom we can share our feelings freely. -Social integration: someone with whom we can share worries and concerns -Nurturance: someone we can take care of and who will take care of us -Assistance: someone to help us in times of need. -Affirmation: someone who will reassure us of our own worth and tell us that we matter.
Define the terms menarche and menopause.
-Menarche: the first mestrual period -Menopause: permanent cessation of menstruation; generally occurs after age 45
List and describe the anatomy of the vulva (all of the components).
-Mons pubis: fatty tissue covering the pubic bone in females -Labia majora: outter lips -Labia minora: inner lips -Urethral opening: opening where urine is expelled -Clitoris: pea-sized nodule at the top of the labia minora -Vaginal opening: -Hymen: thin tissue covering the vaginal opening. (virgin) -Perineum: tissue that forms the "floor" of the pelvic region; between vulva and anus
List and describe the two external male genitalia: penis and scrotum
-Penis: male organ through which urine and semen are expelled from the body -Scrotum: External sac of tissue that encloses the testes
List and briefly describe the three fundamental elements of trust that are characteristics of healthy relationships.
-Predictability: you can predict your partner's behavior because he or she acts in consistently positive ways. -Dependability: you can rely on your partner to provide support in all situations. -Faith: you feel absolutely certain about your partner's intentions and behavior.
List and describe the three phases of the menstrual cycle and share what is going on in each phase
-Proliferative phase: eggs develop and endometruim proliferates; estrogen increases -Secretory phase: Estrogens and progesterone decrease suddenly -Menstrual phase: Surface of endometrium is sloughed off; bleeding occurs
List and briefly describe the four factors that are important in choosing a lifelong mate/romantic partner.
-Similarity: i.e (attitudes, values, intellect, interests, education, and socioeconomic status) -Proximity: being at the same place at the same time -Reciprocity: expressing interest mutually -Physical Attraction: influenced by social, biological, and cultural factors
What steps should you take if a rape victim?
-Speak in a strong voice -Maintain eye contact -Stand up straight, act confident, and remain alert
What steps should you take if a person is sexually harassing you?
-Tell the harasser to stop -Document the harassment -Try to make sure you aren't alone in the harasser's presence -Complain to a higher authority -Remember that you have not done anything wrong
List and briefly describe the three main components of the Cycle of Violence from our text.
-Tension building: includes breakdowns in communication, anger, psychological aggression, growing tension, and fear -Incident of acute battering: when the acute attack is over, he may respond with shock and denial about his own behavior or blame her for making him do it -Remorse/reconciliations- during a "honeymoon" period, the batterer may be kind, loving, and apologetic, swearing that he will work to change his behavior
List and describe the male internal sexual anatomy.
-Testes: males sex organs that manufacture sperm and produce hormones -Epididymides: duct system atop the testis where sperm mature -Vasa deferentia: tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct -Ejaculatory ducts: tube formed by the junction of the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens that carries semen to the urethra -Urethra: opening through which urine is expelled -Seminal vesicles: glandular ducts that secrete nutrients for the semen -Prostate gland: gland that secretes chemicals that help sperm fertilize an ovum and secretes neutralizing fluids into the semen -Cowper's glands: glands that secrete a preejaculatory fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acid remaining in the urethra after urination
Share what sexual anatomy are the exact components being cut/ tied, etc. for each gender to perform a permanent sterilization such as a vasectomy for the male and tubal ligation for the female
-Tubal ligation: cutting or singeing the fallopian tubes -Vasectomy: vas deferens are severed then tied or singed
List and describe the following internal female anatomy (cervix, uterus, endometrium, fallopian tubes and ovaries).
-Uterus (womb): hollow, pear-shaped muscular organ whose function is to house a developing fetus -Endometrium: soft, spongy matter that makes up the uterine lining -Cervix: Lower end of the uterus that opens into the vagina -Ovaries: Almond-sized organs that house developing eggs and produce hormones -Fallopian tubes (oviducts): tubes that extend near the ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization and passageway for fertilized eggs
What are the primary ways that STIs are transmitted?
-Vaginal intercourse -Oral-genital contact -Hand-genital contact -Anal intercourse
What are three problems that can develop with higher weight gains during pregnancy?
-can develop diabetes -pregnancy will feel harder -complications during delivery
What is the range of time that the American Academy of Pediatrics strongly recommends for breast-feeding our babies (share the minimum to the ideal recommendations)?
6 months and breastfed as a supplement until 12 months of age
What is the CD4 cell level compared to that of a health person of a person that has AIDS?
A healthy person can range from 500-1500 Someone with AIDS 200
What is the only 100% effective form of sexual expression that is perfect at preventing unintended pregnancies and transmitting sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Abstinence
Define the term sexual harassment
Any form of unwanted sexual attention related to any condition of employment, education, or performance evaluations
What is the safest method of delivery for the baby when a mother has genital herpes or HIV?
C-Section
Define Child Abuse and Child Neglect.
Child Abuse: deliberate, intentional words or actions that cause harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child Child Neglect: failure to provide a child's basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and medical care
Define the term conflict resolution.
Concerted effort by all parties to constructively resolve differences or points of contention
Describe the process of ejaculation (how the internal genitalia work together to create, nourish and protect the sperm).
Excitement/arousal—Vasocongestion (increased blood flow that causes swelling in the genitals) stimulates male and female genital responses Plateau—Voluntary and involuntary muscle tensions increase Orgasm—Vasocongestion and muscle tension reach their peak, and rhythmic contractions occur throughout the genital regions Resolution—Muscle tension and vasocongestion subside
Define the term Vulva.
External female genitalia
What is the leading cause of infertility for females and what is the leading cause for males, respectively?
Females: polycystic ovary syndrome Males: low sperm count
Describe how the way you define yourself (self-concept) and the way you evaluate yourself (self-esteem) affect your ability to nurture yourself, influence relationship choices and maintain healthy relationships
If you think poorly of yourself you will probably make poor decisions about who you hangout with, what you do in your spare time, etc.
Define the term Jealousy and list some of the potential causes of this from our text.
Jealousy: a negative reaction evoked by a real or imagined relationship involving one's partner and another person. Causes: - Over-dependence on the relationship - Severity of the threat -High value on sexual exclusivity - Low self-esteem - Fear of losing control
List the most common sexual arousal disorders for a) the male and b) the female
Men: -Erectile dysfunction: (difficulty getting/keeping an erection) -Premature ejaculation:(reaching orgasm too quickly) Women: -Female orgasmic disorder: inability to achieve orgasm -Dyspareunia- pain experienced by women during intercourse
Define the term Vagina and the physiological `functions that it provides.
Muscular, tube-shaped organ in females that serves as a passageway connecting the vulva to the uterus
What type of pathogen (bacterial, viral, etc.) is the root cause of the STI caused newborn blindness?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea)
What is the recommended weight gain for pregnant women based on their weight status (normal, overweight, underweight and with twins).
Normal: 25-35 lbs. Overweight: 15-25 lbs. Underweight: 28-40 lbs With Twins: 35-45 lbs
List and define the variety of types of rape
Rape: penetration without the victim's consent Acquaintance rape: refers to any rape where the rapist is known to the victim Rape on U.S. campuses: 20% of undergraduate women have been victims of rape or attempted rape in their freshman year Marital rape: any unwanted intercourse or penetration (vaginal, anal, or oral) obtained by force, threat, or when the spouse is unable to consent.
Define the term Self-disclosure.
Sharing feelings or personal information with others
Describe the process of spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process of the production of sperms from the immature germ cells in males. It takes place in seminiferous tubules present inside the testes. During spermatogenesis, a diploid spermatogonium (male germ cell) increases its size to form a diploid primary spermatocyte. This diploid primary spermatocyte undergoes first meiotic division (meiosis I), which is a reductional division to form two equal haploid secondary spermatocytes. Each secondary spermatocyte then undergoes second meiotic division (meiosis II) to form two equal haploid spermatids. Hence, a diploid spermatogonium produces four haploid spermatids. These spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (sperm)
Describe what is meant by psychological abuse
a form of abuse, characterized by a person subjecting, or exposing, another person to behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder
Describe the refractory period which is specifically experienced by the male after orgasm/ejaculation.
a man doesn't think about sex or get aroused. His body does not respond to sexual stimulation and he is unable to reach orgasm again until the period is over. The length of the refractory period is different for every man. It may take a half hour or more for his body to perform sexually again.
Describe what Toxic Shock Syndrome is and share what are at least two causes of this in women.
a rare, life-threatening complication of certain types of bacterial infections. Causes: -Superabsorbant tampons -diaphragms -cervical caps -or contraceptive sponge
What are the time parameters for using a cervical cap: (a) time that it can be inserted prior to, b) time that it must be left in place c) time that it must be taken out by ((All of these will be in hour increments))
a,) 6 hours before b.) 6-8 hours after c.) 48 hours after
What is the ideal recommendation for alcohol use by pregnant mothers?
encouraged to completely avoid alcohol
Explain what is HCG and its significance for determining if a female is pregnant.
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG): hormone detected in blood or urine samples of a mother within the first few weeks of pregnancy
Why is it very important that babies are able to use their mother's colostrum during the first few days of birth?
the colostrum contains vital antibodies to help fight infections and boost the baby's immune system
Mr. Ramey shared that communication is like a "bridge" briefly explain what he shared about the analogy applies in the context of relationships.
without that bridge the relationship will stop growing and eventually break-down,