Head and Neck Anatomy

Which nerve passes through the foramen ovale?

3rd branch of the trigeminal

perpindicular

A horizontal plane is created by an imaginary line dividing the body at any level into superior and inferior parts and is ALWAYS _______ to the median plane.

stylomastoid foramen

After the seventh cranial nerve travels through the petrous part of the temporal bone, through which opening does it exit onto the face?

Both statements are false

An area closer to the median plane is considered by anatomists to be distal, and an area farther from the median plane is considered proximal.`

Both statements are false

An area closer to the median plane of the body or structure is considered lateral. An area farther from the median plane of the body or structure is considered proximal.

pigmented

Both the labial and buccal mucosa may vary in coloration, as do other regions of healthy oral mucosa, in individuals with _______ skin.

zygomatic

Cheek bones that make up the lateral margin of the eye socket.

Is located on the medial part of the supraorbital ridge, and is where the supraorbital artery and nerve travel from the orbit to the forehead

Describe the supraorbital notch, and its location, as well as the two structures that pass through it and where they travel to:

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

During the extraoral examination, palpating inferior to and medial to the angles of the mandible is important BECAUSE this will allow the dental professional to effectively palpate the hyoid bone.

Palatine

Facial bone consisting of

Inferior nasal conchae

Facial bones project off the

Nasal

Forms the bridge of the nose

Lacrimal bones, Sphenoid bone, Frontal bone

From the following list of skull bones, select which bones articulate with the ethmoid bone.

frontal bone, sphenoid bone, lacrimal bones

From the following list of skull bones, select which skull bones articulate with the ethmoid bone.

Alae, Antitragus, Nasion, Vermilion border, Philtrum

From the following list of structures, select which structures are NOT located in the temporal region of the face.

notch, glabella, eminence

From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the frontal bone.

condyle, tubercle, notch

From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the occipital bone.

mastoid process, carotid canal

From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the petrous part of the temporal bone.

external acoustic meatus, pterotympanic fissure

From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the tympanic part of the temporal bone.

sclera, iris, conjunctiva

From the following list of structures, select which structures are considered part of the eyeball.

masseter muscle, angle of mandible

From the following list of structures, select which structures are located in the buccal region of the face.

Alae, Nasion

From the following list of structures, select which structures are located in the nasal region of the face.

vermillion border, philtrum

From the following list of structures, select which structures are located in the oral region of the face.

medial, lateral

From the following list of terms, select which terms DIRECTLY relate to the median plane of the body.

median/sagittal, frontal/horizontal

From the following list of terms, select which terms are DIRECTLY associated with the planes that can be noted with the body.

superficial, deep

From the following list of terms, select which terms can be used to give information about the depth of a structure in relationship to the surface of the body.

ipsilateral, contralateral

From the following list of terms, select which terms relate to a structure being either on the same side of the body OR on the opposite side of the body.

internal, external

From the following list of terms, select which terms relate to either an inner OR an outer side of a wall of a hollow organ.

articular fossa

How does the mandibular condyle move in relationship to the temporal bone?

Temporal Bone

In addition to the zygomatic bone, which of the following bones has a process that forms the other part of the zygomatic arch?

The statement is correct, but the reason is not

Loss of height in the lower third of the face, which contains the teeth and jaws, can occur in certain circumstances such as with normal growth and excellent orthodontic therapy.

medial wall

Match the skull bone(s) that form the superior wall, medial wall, lateral wall, and the base of the skull's orbit. Ethmoid and lacrimal bones

superior wall

Match the skull bone(s) that form the superior wall, medial wall, lateral wall, and the base of the skull's orbit. Frontal bone

base

Match the skull bone(s) that form the superior wall, medial wall, lateral wall, and the base of the skull's orbit. Sphenoid and Palantine bones

lateral wall

Match the skull bone(s) that form the superior wall, medial wall, lateral wall, and the base of the skull's orbit. Zygomatic and sphenoid bones

Both statements are true

Muscles may differ in size and details of their attachments. Joints, vessels, nerves, glands, lymph nodes, fasciae, and spaces of an individual can vary in size, location, and even presence.

palatal torus, mandibular tori

Normal variations of bone in the orofacial region that involve bony enlargement include:

styloid process

On the petrous part of the temporal bone, inferior and medial to the external acoustic meatus, is a long pointed bony projection, the _______________________, a structure that serves for the attachment of tongue and pharyngeal muscles and ligaments.

The statement is not correct; but the reason is correct

One structure of the oral cavity is the tongue, which is known as the gateway to the oral region BECAUSE the tongue is a prominent feature of the oral cavity.

Both statements are true

Structures on the same side of the body are considered ipsilateral. Structures on the opposite side of the body are considered contralateral.

Ethmoid

The Cribriform plate is part of which bone?

Alveolar process of the mandible

The ____________ is resorbed with tooth loss and can be noted radiographically on patients.

the greater wing, the lesser wing, pterygoid process

The body of the sphenoid bone has three paired processes projecting from it:

Masseter Muscle

The buccal region of the head is composed of soft tissues of the cheek. Most of the upper cheek is fleshy, mainly formed by a mass of fat and muscle. Which is the strong muscle felt in this area when the patient clenches his or her teeth together?

ethmoid bone, olfactory nerves

The cribifom plate is located on the superior aspect of the _________________ and and is perforated by several foramina to allow for the passage of________________ .

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

The dental professional MUST be thoroughly familiar with the surface anatomy of the head and neck in order to examine patients BECAUSE features of the surface provide essential landmarks for many deeper anatomic structures.

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

The dental professional MUST have a thorough understanding of head and neck anatomy when performing patient examination procedures, both extraoral and intraoral. Certain terms can be used to give information about the depth of a structure in relationship to the surface of the body.

sclera

The eyeball is located in the orbital region of the head. On the eyeball is a white area with a central area of coloration. What is the term for the white area?

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

The eyes are usually near the midpoint of the vertical height of the head. The width of each eye is usually the same as the distance between the ears.

the first statement is true, the second is false

The face is on the anterior side of the head, and the neck is superior and posterior to the face.

Both statements are false

The frontal eminence is usually MORE pronounced in males, and the supraorbital ridge is MORE prominent in females and children.

Both statements are true

The inner side of the wall of a hollow structure is referred to as internal. In contrast, the outer side of the wall of a hollow structure is external.

The first statement is true; and second is false

The jaws are within the oral cavity and deep to the lips. Underlying the upper lip is the mandible, while the maxillae underlies the lower lip.

mandibular nerve, division of the trigeminal nerve

The larger anterior oval opening on the sphenoid bone is the foramen ovale for:

mucogingival junction

The line of demarcation between the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and the movable and redder alveolar mucosa is the

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

The median plane is created by an imaginary line dividing the body into equal right and left halves. On the surface of the body, these halves are NEVER symmetric in structure.

Incisive Canal

The nasopalatine nerve passes through which foramen?

The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

The number of bones and muscles in the head and neck is NOT usually constant and specific details of these structures can vary from patient to patient.

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

The palate or roof of the mouth has two parts: an anterior part and a posterior part. The firmer whiter posterior part is the hard palate.

Submental

The regions of the head include specific anatomic structures. Which region listed below is NOT included in the regions of the head?

lateral view

The squamosal suture is BEST observed from which view of the skull?

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

The superior and posterior free margin of the auricle is the helix, which ends inferiorly at the lobule. The lobule is a small flap of tissue that is the part of the auricle anterior to the external acoustic meatus.

neck of mandibular condyle, mandibular condyle

The surface of the mandible that articulates with the articular fossa of the squamous part of the temporal bone, is known as the condyloid process which consists of the___________ and____________

horizontal

The transverse section is a division through a _____ plane.

Both statements are true

The ventral part is directed toward the anterior and is considered the opposite of the dorsal part when considering the entire body.

Both statements are false

The yellower and looser posterior part of the palate is the hard palate; it is the larger part of the palate since it comprises 85% of the total surface.

Incisive Foramen

Through which bony opening do both the right and left nasopalatine nerve exit onto the palate?

Hypoglossal canal

Through which of the following openings in the skull does the twelfth cranial nerve pass?

Hypoglossal Canal

Through which of the following openings in the skull does the twelfth cranial nerve?

Neither the statement nor the reason is correct

Trying to fully survey the areas of the scalp during an extraoral examination is NOT very important because lesions are easily visualized by the patient and then can be shared with the clinician.

superior conchae, middle conchae and inferior conchae

What are the three projecting structures that create the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and which extend inward from the maxillae?

horizontal section

What is another term for a transverse section?

frontal plane

What is another term for coronal plane?

median plane

What is another term for midsagittal plane?

superior

What is the anatomic relationship of the maxillary arch to the mandibular arch?

Deep

What is the anatomic relationship of the muscles to the skin?

contralateral

What is the anatomic relationship of the right arm to the left leg?

superior

What is the anatomic relationship of the shoulders to the hips?

anterior

What is the anatomic relationship of the teeth located in the front of the mouth to the teeth located in the back of the mouth?

retromolar pad

What is the dense pad of tissue just posterior to the most distal tooth of the mandible?

Epiglottis

What is the flap of cartilage located posterior to the base of the tongue and anterior to the oropharynx?

Parotid Papilla

What is the landmark located in the oral cavity that appears as a small elevation of tissue located on the inner part of the buccal mucosa, just opposite the maxillary second molar?

PEST OF 6

What is the six letter mnemonic that should remind you of the cranial bones?

Dorsal

What is the term for the top surface of the tongue?

Philtrum

What is the vertical groove located at the midline superior to the upper lip that extends downward on the skin from the nasal septum?

anterior

When a patient is in anatomic position, what is the surface of the palms of the hand considered?

Mental Foramen

When viewing the medial surface of the mandible, which of the following bony landmarks CANNOT be observed?

Lateral border of tongue

Where are folliate lingual papillae located in the oral cavity?

Inferior to the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

Where is the pterygoid process of the skull located?

maxillary tuberosity

Which area is immediately posterior to the most distal tooth in the upper arch of the dentition?

middle meningeal artery

Which blood vessel passes through foramen spinosum?

Sternocleidomastoid

Which muscle of the neck region divides each side of the neck diagonally into BOTH the anterior cervical triangle and the posterior cervical triangle?

2nd branch of the trigeminal nerve

Which nerve passes through foramen rotundum?

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory

Which nerve passes through the cribriform plate?

Sulcus

Which of the following bone features listed does NOT serve as an opening in the bone?

mandible

Which of the following bones listed is the ONLY movable bone of the skull?

inferior nasal conchae

Which of the following bony features increases the surface area within the nasal cavity?

sulcus

Which of the following bony features listed does NOT serve as an opening in bone?

Mandibular notch

Which of the following bony landmarks is a depression located between coronoid process and the ramus of the mandible?

later walls of the nasal cavity

Which of the following bony landmarks is formed by the vertical plates of the palatine bones?

looking straight forward

Which of the following describes a patient's eyes when they are in anatomic position?

Hypoglossal canal, Foramen ovale, Foramen spinosum

Which of the following external foramina can be observed from both the inferior and superior aspects of the skull?

External oblique line

Which of the following features is located on the lateral surface of the mandible?

Parallel to the median plane

Which of the following is CORRECT concerning the sagittal plane of the body?

mandibular symphysis

Which of the following is a faint ridge noted where the right and left mandibular processes fused together in early childhood?

Front of an area of the body

Which of the following is meant by the term "ventral"?

Structures closest to the lips

Which of the following is the CORRECT definition of the term labial?

Lamboidal suture

Which of the following is the location of the articulation of the parietal bone and the occipital bone?

Median palatine suture

Which of the following landmarks is formed by the maxillae?

Maxillary Tuberosity

Which of the following landmarks needs to be noted during the administration of a local anesthetic agent to the maxillary posterior teeth?

superior orbital fissure

Which of the following openings within the orbit connect the orbit with the cranial cavity?

Maxillary process of the zygomatic bone

Which of the following processes forms the lateral part of the infraorbital rim?

Temporal bones

Which of the following skull bones are considered to be paired cranial bones?

Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal

Which of these does NOT pass through the jugular foramen?

Cranial Nerve II: Optic

Which of these does NOT pass through the superior orbital fissure?

apex of the nose

Which part of the nasal region will feel flexible when palpated?

anterior

Which surface of the body is visualized when performing an extraoral examination that includes the patient's eyes?

Serves as an attachment for the muscles of mastication

Why is the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone an important feature of the skull to the dental professionals?

nasion, conchae, meatus

list of structures, select which structures are associated with the nasal cavity.

Lacrimal

paired facial bones that help form the medial wall of the orbit

vomer

single facial bone forms