Health 2 - Disease Prevention Exam

What do vaccines do?

Pathogen (virus) is killed/weakened so it won't make you sick

What is the definition of SPF?

SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor and these numbers on sunscreen bottles refer to the product's ability to screen or block out the sun's burning rays.

Antibiotics are used to treat __?__

infections or diseases caused by infections

What are the three types of skin cancer?

-Basal Cell Carcinoma -Squamous Cell Carcinoma -Melanoma

What is some information about the Sunbelt?

-16 States that lie underneath 37 degrees N -1 in 3 people in the sunbelt develop Skin Cancer -Higher elevation

What are some warning signs/symptoms of cancer?

-more infections -extreme exhaustion -headaches -nausea -blurred vision

What is the definition of Pathogen?

A bacterium, virus, or other microorganisms that can cause disease

What is the definition of Vaccine?

A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases

What is the definition of Melanin?

A tan is melanocytes reacting to sun exposure by releasing Melanin and Melanin is a dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people and animals. It is responsible for tanning of skin exposed to sunlight and it absorbs UV rays.

Define a disease and give the reasons for transmission, the symptoms, the treatment, and prevention.

Chlamydia Transmission: Sexually transmitted; can be transmitted through blood, semen, or vaginal fluids Symptoms: Usually none (especially for women); pain when urinating; ectopic pregnancy; abnormal discharge

Give an example of each from the previous question.

Communicable: Zika Virus, Whooping Cough, Hantavirus Non-Communicable: Cancer, Asthma, Diabetes

Define a disease and give the reasons for transmission, the symptoms, the treatment, and prevention.

Hantavirus Transmission: Contact with infected rodents' urine or droppings; breathing it in; touching contaminated item then touching hand to mouth; (can be fatal-38% mortality rate) Symptoms: Fatigue, fever, muscle aches, headaches, dizziness, nausea Treatment: No cure or treatment; infected person may need hospitalization and fluids + more care Prevention: Eliminate of minimize contact; seal up holes in garage/house; wash hands frequently

What is the role of Insulin in the body?

Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food you wat for energy or to store glucose for future use. It helps keep your blood sugar level from getting too high or too low.

Explain how infections are spread through people and animals.

People: Through spit, saliva, or sexually transmitted Animals: Through saliva, bites, or scratches

Explain how the body uses each of the following to defend against infectious disease: 1. Physical Barriers 2. Chemical Barriers

Physical barriers help prevent pathogens from exerting the body. Chemical barriers destroy bacteria and cause body changes that help cells inside the body fight infection.

What is the best type of sunglasses to wear?

Polarizing Sunglasses

Why haven't we cure "cancer" yet?

There are many types of cancers that are all different depending on the person.

Which type of diabetes is generally due to genetics?

Type 1

Define a disease and give the reasons for transmission, the symptoms, the treatment, and prevention.

Whooping Cough Transmission: Highly contagious; breathing small wet drops; touching small wet drops Symptoms: Cold symptoms; gasping for air; extreme coughing spells --> throwing up/can't breathe Treatment: Antibiotics; body will have immunity for 4-20 years after getting it

What are the ABCDE's of Melanoma?

Asymmetry Border Irregularity Color Variation Diameter Evolution

What is a single-celled organism that can make you very sick, and is treated with antibiotics?

Bacteria

What is cancer and explain reasons people get cancer.

Cancer is the overgrowth and multiplying of cells in an uncontrollable way. People get cancer because of certain environmental or behavioral triggers as well as genetics.

What is the definition of Cancer?

Cancer is the overgrowth of cells. Cancer occurs when cells begin to grow and multiply in an uncontrolled way.

What are the beauty influences and how do they affect skin cancer rates around the world?

-Beauty norm in USA and other countries is tan skin --> more people are influenced to tan indoors or out which causes higher skin cancer rates (1 in 5 people in the US develop skin cancer -Beauty norm in Asia is pale skin --> less cases of skin cancer

What are the dangers of Tanning Beds?

-Exposure to UVA and UVB rays -Don't know the UV exposure because each tanning bed is different -Can increase the chances of getting skin cancer by 75%

Wat are long-term affects of each type of diabetes?

-Eye Problems -Kidney Disease -Nerve Damage -Gum Disease -Foot Problems

How does geography put people at risk for melanoma?

-Higher Altitude (as altitude increases, so does the intensity of the sun's rays; less air molecules, easier for rays to reach people) -Sunbelt States -Hole in Ozone Layer

List 3 reasons why tanning beds are so harmful to our health.

-Increased chances of skin cancer -Linked to Skin Cancer -Can impair immune system

How do you treat each type of Diabetes?

-Insulin injections -Insulin pump -Insulin shots

What are the reasons for the rise of Melanoma in the PNW?

-People think that they don't need to wear sunscreen on cloudy days -More outside activities --> high elevation -Reflective surfaces

What are the Warning Signs and Symptoms?

-Urinating frequently -Abnormally thirsty -Weight Loss -Often feeling tired

What is the difference between a communicable disease and a non-communicable disease?

A communicable disease is an illness caused by a pathogen that can spread from living being to another. A non-communicable disease is an illness that is caused by something other than a pathogen.

What is the definition of Chronic Disease?

A non-communicable disease that persists for a long time or is reoccurring in nature.

What is the definition of Type 2 Diabetes?

A person with Type 2 Diabetes still produces insulin, but the body doesn't know respond to it normally. Glucose is less able to enter the cells and do its job of supplying energy. This causes for blood sugar levels to rise, thus creating more insulin.

What is the definition of Remission?

After treatment, a doctor will test to find signs of cancer, if none are there, that is called Remission.

What is the definition of Prognosis?

An estimate at how well a person's treatment is working and how likely it is that this cancer will come back.

What is the definition of Communicable Disease?

An illness caused by a pathogen that can spread from living being to another.

What is the definition of Non-Communicable Disease?

An illness that is caused by something other than a pathogen.

What is the definition of Virus?

An infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat

What are the layers of Skin?

Dermis: Deepest layer of the sun Epidermis: Outer layer that sheds every 15-30 days

What is the definition of Insulin?

Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food you wat for energy or to store glucose for future use. It helps keep your blood sugar level from getting too high or too low.

What are some risk factors for melanoma? Include the biggest risk factor.

Main risk factor: Exposure to UV radiation Other risk factors: -Family history -Hair + skin type

What is the definition of Antibiotics?

Medicines used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases

What is the definition of Melanoma?

Melanoma is the most deadly type of skin cancer. It is a skin tumor- metastases rapidly, surgery is the most common treatment, and early detection is critical.

What is the definition of Bacteria?

Microscopic living organisms, usually one-celled, that can be found anywhere and cause disease

Define a disease and give the reasons for transmission, the symptoms, the treatment, and prevention.

Rabies: A serious infection of the nervous system that almost always results in death if not treated. Transmission: From a bite or scratch from a wild animal, transmission is in their saliva. Symptoms: Starts similar to the flu; pain or itching at site of infection; confusion, anxiety; delirium, hallucinations. Treatment: Clean the wound (with iodine if possible); get to a doctor; bring dead animal if possible to check for rabies; tetanus shot. Prevention: Maintain your own pet's health; beware of wild and angry animals.

Why is snow and ice so dangerous for UV ray exposure?

Reflective surfaces --> people don't think to wear sunscreen

What does SPF mean and how is it calculated?

SPF is the Sun Protection Factor Calculation: time it takes to burn X SPF number

What is the definition of Physical Barriers?

Skin is a type of physical barrier that is the first line of defense. Unbroken skin helps prevent pathogens from entering the body. An example is the Mucous Membranes which is the soft, skin like lining of many parts of the body. They are in your mouth, nose, and bronchial tubes.

What does the SPF number 15 on a bottle of sunscreen mean?

That you are protected 15 times longer than the time it usually takes for your skin to turn red in the sun.

How do you calculate SPF?

The Time is takes you to Burn X the SPF number

What is the definition of Chemical Barriers?

They destroy bacteria and cause body changes that hep cells inside the body fight infection. These include tears, saliva, and perspiration. Stomach acids are also a type of chemical barrier that destroys pathogens that are swallowed with food.

True or False: Once the pancreas stops producing insulin, it can never produce insulin again?

True

What is the definition of Tumor?

Tumors are lumps that can interfere that can interfere with the body's normal process and are caused because cancer cells continue to grow and dive and gather.

What are the differences between both types of Diabetes?

Type 1 Diabetes results when the pancreas loses its ability to make the hormone insulin. The person's own immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produces the insulin. Once destroyed, they can't produce more insulin again and a person with Type 2 Diabetes still produces insulin, but the body doesn't know respond to it normally. Glucose is less able to enter the cells and do its job of supplying energy. This causes for blood sugar levels to rise, thus creating more insulin.

What is the definition of Type 1 Diabetes?

Type 1 Diabetes results when the pancreas loses its ability to make the hormone insulin. The person's own immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produces the insulin. Once destroyed, they can't produce more insulin again.

Which type of diabetes is generally die to lifestyle choices?

Type 2

Which type of diabetes is preventable?

Type 2

What is something that is not living, consists of an inner core of genetic material surrounded by a protein shell, invades all forms of life, and must be prevented before it enters an organism through vaccines?

Virus