HEALTH 2020 CHAPTER 9

8. State the BAC for someone who could be charged with DUI in Ohio

.08%

Define psychoactive drug

A substance that causes changes in brain chemistry and alters consciousness

State what is responsible for this increase or decrease in smoking?

Because of public health campaigns about the hazards of smoking

Has smoking increased or decreased since 1965?

Has smoking increased or decreased since 1965?

Explain why smokeless tobacco is or is not a safe alternative to smoking

It is not safer because it can cause oral cancer and has other dangerous and bad health effects

State how long it takes the body to metabolize one drink.

One hour

Define environmental tobacco smoke.

Smoke from other people's tobacco products; also called second hand smoke or passive smoking

7. State the definition for BAC.

The amount of alcohol in grams in 100 mililiters of blood, expressed as a percentage

Define pre-gaming drinking.

The excessive consumption of alcohol prior to attending an event or activity in which alcohol will be consumed. Also known as pre-partying, pre-bar, and front-loading.

Explain why e-cigarettes are or are not a safe alternative to smoking?

The liquid nitrogen can stay in the mouth, the juice cartridge can break, and the vape pen could explode

Define mainstream smoke.

The smoke exhaled by a smoker.

2. Define abstainer.

They do not drink at all, or they do so less than once a year

Explain the role of alcohol dehydrogenase in the body.

To convert alcohol to an organic chemical compound, known as acetaldehyde, in the liver

State the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S

Tobacco

State whether older or younger individuals in the U.S. smoke at higher rates.

Younger

Explain the special health risks for women associated with smoking.

increased risk for lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease, fertility problem, menstrual disorders, early menopause, problems in pregnancy

Explain 11 factors that affect alcohol absorption.

• Gender- women absorb alcohol into the bloodstream more quickly than men do • Age- older adults do not tolerate alcohol as well as younger people • Food in the stomach- alcohol consumed on an empty stomach can reach the brain in less than one minute. Food slows down the movement of alcohol into the small intestine. • Body fat- the more body fat a person has, the less alcohol is absorbed by the body tissues and the more there is to circulate in the bloodstream and reach the brain. In other words, higher body fat results in quicker intoxication than lower body fat. • Tolerance- the body adapts to a given alcohol level. Each time a person drinks to the point of impairment, the body attempts to minimize impairment by adapting to that level. More alcohol is needed to overcome the body's adaptation and achieve the desired effect. This means an experienced drinker has a slower absorption of alcohol into the blood than a less experienced drinker. • Diet soda- the artificial sugars cause alcohol to empty more rapidly from the stomach into the small intestine and thus speed up absorption in the bloodstream. Health scientist believe that, in contrast, the body may treat the sugar in regular mixers like food, which slows the release of alcohol into the small intestine. • Carbonation- the carbon dioxide in champagne, cola, and ginger ale speed the absorption in alcohol. On the other hand, drinks that contain water, juice, or milk are absorbed more slowly. • Alcohol concentration- the more concentrated the alcohol, the more quickly it is absorbed. Hard liquor is absorbed faster than beer and wine. • Mood and physical condition- fear and anger tend to speed up alcohol absorption. The stomach empties more rapidly than normal, allowing the alcohol to be absorbed more easily. People who are stressed, tired, or ill may also feel alcohol's effect sooner. • Cigarette smoke- nicotine extends the time alcohol stays in the stomach, increasing time for absorption into the bloodstream. This means smoking slows the increase in the blood alcohol concentration. • Drug interaction- interactions with many prescription and over-the-counter drugs can intensify a drinker's reaction to alcohol, leading to more rapid intoxication.

List 7 measures for Alcohol poisoning first aid.

• Know and recognize the symptoms of acute alcohol intoxication: lack of response when spoken to or shaken, Inability to wake up, Inability to stand up without help, Rapid or irregular pulse, Rapid, irregular respiration or difficulty breathing, cool clammy, bluish skin, bluish fingernails or lip • Call 911. An intoxicated person who cannot be roused or weakened or has other symptoms listed here requires emergency medical treatment. • Do not leave the person to "sleep it off." He or she may never wake up. BAC can continue to rise even after a person has passed out. • Roll an unconscious drinker onto his or her side to minimize the chance of airway obstruction from vomit. • If the person vomits, make certain his or her head is positioned lower than the rest of the body. You may need to reach into the person's mouth to clear the airway. • Try to find out if the person has taken other drugs or medications that might interact with alcohol. • Stay with the person until medical help arrives

State the only known remedy for a hangover.

• Pain medication • Rest • Time

List the 3 most harmful substances in tobacco smoke.

• Tar • Carbon monoxide • Nicotine

State the likelihood for Sexual Assault and unplanned pregnancies with binge drinking females vs. women who abstain.

150%

State the percentage of adult Americans who smoke tobacco

20%; 1 in 5

3. About how many adult Americans consider themselves abstainers?

35%

State the percentage of deaths and severe assaults that occur each year on college campuses the involve binge drinking.

50-66%

4. About how many adult Americans drink alcohol?

65%

State the percentage of smokers who are successful at quitting for a year.

7

5. State the percentage of college students who drink alcohol

79%

Explain why hookahs are not a safe alternative to smoking?

About 10 times the amount of puffs than in cigarettes

State the percentage of alcohol that is metabolized in the liver.

About 90%

10. Discuss the differences in alcohol consumption among ethnic groups

African American communities have more liquor stores than white communities. This makes the pressure much higher but despite that, alcohol consumption there is lower than other groups. Alcoholism is recognized as the number one health problem among Native Americans. Asian Americans' alcohol consumption overall is lower than White Americans. Half of all Asian Americans have a gene that impairs the metabolism of alcohol, causing unpleasant reactions.

9. Define extreme drinking.

Alcohol consumption that goes well beyond binge drinking, to double or triple the amounts in the current definition; 10 to 15 drinks a day for men and 8 to 12 drinks for a day women

6. State the amount of beer, wine, shot, and mixed drink that constitutes "one drink" as defined by the NIAAA

Beer- 12 oz Wine- 5 oz Shot- 1.5 oz Mixed drink- 1.5 oz

According to the Harvard School of Public Health, state the percentage of college students that binge drink and the percentage that were frequent binge drinkers.

Binge drink- 44% Frequent binge drinkers- 23%

Discuss gender differences and underage drinking with pre-gaming.

Both men and women drink about the same amount with pre-gaming. 40 percent of underage college students pre-game more than of-age students

Explain how smoking contributes to each of these health concerns in term above.

Cardiovascular disease- increased heart rate, increased tension in the heart muscle, and constricted blood vessels caused by nicotine lead to hypertension Cancer- immune system sends tumor-fighting white blood cells to attack and kill cancer cells. Chronic lower respiratory diseases- emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma

Explain the prevalence of smoking in the college student population

College students are more likely to smoke than the general population

Define heavy episodic drinking for males / females.

Heavy episodic drinking is also known as Binge drinking. It is the consumption of five or more drinks within two hours for men and four or more drinks within two hours for women at least once in the previous two-week period

List the changes to men's reproductive health that smoke

Lung cancer; at higher risk for cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach; higher incidence of erectile dysfunction; alters sperm shape, reduces sperm motility, and decreases the overall number of viable sperm.

State whether women or men in the U.S. smoke at higher rates.

Men

Identify what age groups benefit from the recommendations in objective 27

Middle aged and older adults

State the recommended number of drinks for women / men for health benefits according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

One drink a day for women and two drinks a day for men

Discuss the issue if college campuses should be smoke free and how it is enforced.

Only lip service attention

Define third-hand smoke

Residual nicotine and other chemicals left on a variety of indoor surfaces by tobacco smoke.

Define sidestream smoke.

Smoke from the lighted end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar, or tobacco burning in a hookah. This type of smoke has higher concentrations of cancer-causing agents (carcinogens) and is more toxic than mainstream smoke. It also has smaller particles than mainstream smoke. These smaller particles make their way into the lungs and the body's cells more easily.

State which type of smoke, mainstream or sidestream, contains the most harmful compounds?

sidestream

Discuss the percentages of students effected by Spring Break drinking.

• 40% of men and 33% or women said that they are drunk daily • More than 50% of all men and 40% of all women drink until they feel sick or pass out. • Frequent binge drinkers stated 50% engaged in unplanned sex • 52% engaged in unprotected sex • 58% percent had trouble with law enforcement • 59% were injured

Differentiate between alcohol misuse, problem drinking, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, and alcoholism.

• Alcohol misuse- refers to the consumption of alcohol to the point where it causes physical, social, and moral harm to the drinker • Problem drinking- pattern of alcohol use that impairs the drinker's life, causing difficulties for the drinker and for others. • Alcohol abuse- pattern of alcohol use that leads to distress or impairment, increases the risk of health and or social problems, and continues despite awareness of these effects. • Alcohol dependence- disorder characterized by a strong craving for alcohol, the development of tolerance for alcohol, and symptoms of withdrawal if alcohol consumption stops abruptly. • Alcoholism- a primary chronic disease characterized by excessive, compulsive drinking

List 4 treatment options for alcohol related disorders.

• Brief interventions • Inpatient and outpatient treatment • Self-help programs • Harm reduction: approach, policies, and laws

Describe 4 treatment options for alcohol related disorders

• Brief interventions- for high-risk groups, high-risk times and events • Inpatient and outpatient treatment- provide material while being in the hospital and tell them about groups when they are released from the hospital • Self-help programs- AA, Rational Recovery, Women for sobriety • Harm reduction: approach, policies, and laws-reducing the harm associated with drinking, both individual and in society

List the 3 greatest health concerns associated with long term smoking.

• Cardiovascular disease • Cancer • Chronic lower respiratory diseases

List 3 factors that make women more susceptible to the effects of alcohol than men

• Generally smaller than men and have a higher body fat percentage • Women absorb more of the alcohol they drink because they metabolize alcohol less efficiently than men do. • Women generally have less alcohol dehydrogenase than men do.

State 4 social problems associated with alcohol use.

• High-risk sexual activity and a lowered likelihood of practicing safe sex • Violence • Risk of injury • Depression- leads to suicides

Discuss the 4 main reasons people smoke.

• Nicotine addiction • Behavioral dependence • Weight control • Tobacco marketing and advertising

List the 12 body organs or systems that are effected by long term alcohol abuse.

• Reproductive system • Digestive system • Bones • Tongue • Nose • Eyes • Liver • Breasts • Heart • Skin • Ears • Brain

Discuss how alcohol affects these body systems in Question above.

• Reproductive system- irregular menstrual cycle, risk of fetal alcohol syndrome, increased sexual dysfunction, testicular atrophy in men, and reduced vaginal lubrication in women. • Digestive system- increased risk of cancer in the mouth, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, and colon; stomach inflammation, and bleeding • Bones- bone loss and increased risk of osteoporosis • Tongue- decreased sense of taste • Nose- decreased sense of smell • Eyes- decreased acute vision • Liver- fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and increased risk of liver cancer • Breasts- increased risk of cancer • Heart- weakened heart muscle, enlarged heart, irregular heartbeat, elevated blood pressure, and increased risk of smoke • Skin- broken capillaries ("whiskey nose") • Ears- decreased hearing • Brain- neurotransmitter function disrupted, slowed reaction time, impaired coordination, balance, judgement, and thinking

List 7 "secondhand" effects of binge drinking

• Serious arguments • Physical assault • Damaged property • Interrupted sleep or studying • Unwanted sexual advances • Sexual assault • Having to take care of a drunk student

Discuss how each of these substances in #47 are harmful to one's health.

• Tar- coats the smoker's lungs and creates an environment conducive to the growth of cancerous cells. Tar is responsible for many of the changes in the respiratory system that cause the hacking "smoker's cough." • Carbon monoxide- interferes with the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen • Nicotine- droplets penetrate the alveoli and enter the bloodstream, reaching body cells within seconds

State 2 problems with the definition of binge drinking

• Too broad • Classifies a large amount of people as binge drinkers who may not have a problem