Health Assessment Evolve Ch. 12

What term refers to a linear skin lesion that runs along a nerve route? a. Zosteriform b. Annular c. Dermatome d. Shingles

a. Zosteriform Zosteriform describes a lesion that has a linear arrangement along a nerve root. Annular describes a lesion that is circular and begins in the center and spreads to the periphery. A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. Shingles (herpes zoster) are small grouped vesicles that emerge along the route of a cutaneous sensory nerve, followed by pustules, and then crusts; shingles is caused by the herpes zoster virus

To determine if a dark-skinned patient is pale, the nurse should assess the color of the: a. conjunctivae. b. earlobes. c. palms of the hands. d. skin in the antecubital space.

a. conjunctivae. To detect pallor in a dark-skinned patient, the nurse should assess an area with the least pigmentation, such as the conjunctivae or mucous membranes.

The components of a nail examination include: a. contour, consistency, and color. b. shape, surface, and circulation. c. clubbing, pitting, and grooving. d. texture, toughness, and translucency.

a. contour, consistency, and color.

The components of a nail examination include: a. contour, consistency, and color. b. shape, surface, and circulation. c. clubbing, pitting, and grooving. d. texture, toughness, and translucency.

a. contour, consistency, and color. The nails should be assessed for shape and contour, consistency, and color.

A flat macular hemorrhage is called a(n): a. purpura. b. ecchymosis. c. petechiae. d. hemangioma.

a. purpura. Purpura is a flat, macular, red-to-purple hemorrhage that is a confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses greater than 3 mm. An ecchymosis is a hemorrhage that is greater than 3 mm. Petechiae are tiny punctate hemorrhages that are 1 to 3 mm; round and discrete; and dark red, purple, or brown caused by bleeding from superficial capillaries. Hemangiomas are vascular lesions caused by a benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis

Functions of the skin include: a. production of vitamin C. b. temperature regulation. c. production of new cells by melanocytes. d. secretion of a drying substance called sebum.

b. temperature regulation. Functions of the skin include protection, prevention of penetration, perception (of touch, pain, temperature, and pressure), temperature regulation, identification, communication, wound repair, absorption and excretion, and production of vitamin D. The skin produces vitamin D, not vitamin C. The basal cell layer of the epidermis forms new skin cells. Melanocytes produce melanin, which gives brown tones to the skin and hair. Sebum is produced by the sebaceous glands to lubricate the skin and hair.

Risk factors that may lead to skin disease and breakdown include: a. loss of protective cushioning of the dermal skin layer. b. decreased vascular fragility. c. a lifetime of environmental trauma. d. increased thickness of the skin.

c. a lifetime of environmental trauma. Accumulating factors that place an aging person at risk for skin disease and breakdown include thinning of the skin, decrease in vascularity and nutrients, loss of protective cushioning of the subcutaneous layer, a lifetime of environmental trauma to skin, social changes of aging, an increasingly sedentary lifestyle, and the chance of immobility. Aging results in the loss of protective cushioning of the subcutaneous layer of the skin. Aging results in decreased vascularity of the skin. Aging results in thinning of the skin.

An example of a primary lesion is a(n): a. erosion. b. ulcer. c. urticaria. d. port-wine stain.

c. urticaria. Urticaria is a primary lesion; a primary lesion is one that develops on previously unaltered skin. Erosions are secondary lesions; a secondary lesion is one that changes over time or changes because of a factor such as scratching or infection. Ulcers are secondary lesions; a secondary lesion is one that changes over time or changes because of a factor such as scratching or infection. A port-wine stain is a vascular lesion.

When taking the health history, the patient complains of pruritus. What is a common cause of this symptom? a. Excessive bruising b. Hyperpigmentation c. Melasma d. Drug reactions

d. Drug reactions Drug reactions can lead to pruritus or itching. Excessive bruising can occur in response to a traumatic event or a coagulation abnormality. It is associated with erythema, not pruritus. Hyperpigmentation is related to color changes. Melasma (also known as chloasma or the mask of pregnancy) is a facial skin discoloration related to hormones of pregnancy.

A student nurse has been assigned to teach fourth graders about hygiene. While preparing, the student nurse adds information about the sweat glands. Which of the following should be included while discussing this topic? a. There are two types of sweat glands: eccrine glands and sebaceous glands. b. The evaporation of sweat, a dilute saline solution, increases body temperature. c. Eccrine glands produce sweat and are mainly located in the axillae, anogenital area, and navel. d. Newborn infants do not sweat and use compensatory mechanisms to control body temperature.

d. Newborn infants do not sweat and use compensatory mechanisms to control body temperature. Newborn infants' eccrine glands do not secrete sweat in response to heat until the first few months of life; newborn temperature regulation is ineffective. There are two types of sweat glands: eccrine glands and apocrine glands. The evaporation of sweat reduces body temperature. The apocrine glands produce a thick, milky secretion and open into the hair follicles; they are located mainly in the axillae, anogenital area, nipples, and navel.

A scooped-out, shallow depression in the skin is called a(n): a. ulcer. b. excoriation. c. fissure. d. erosion.

d. erosion. An ulcer is a deeper depression extending into the dermis. An excoriation is a self-inflicted abrasion that is superficial. A fissure is a narrow opening of tissue or skin. An erosion is a scooped-out, shallow depression in the skin.