Health behavior midterm

Attitude

A series of beliefs that shapes your behavior

In 1971, Bernard Weiner built the framework for the Attribution Theory by combining the four characteristics related to success and failure:

Ability, Effort, Task difficulty & Locus of control

If you were using the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, to change behavior, which of the following would be your focus?

Altering intention

Religion

An enormously important factor in health behavior since it often instills in us our values and beliefs

The Health Belief construct of perceived seriousness is best explained by which of the following?

An individual's own opinion of the detrimental effects of a disease

Which of the following approaches to driver safety for high school students best demonstrates the use of the vicarious learning construct of Self-Efficacy Theory?

Ask the substance abuse counselor to identify a teen to share the outcome of his/her decision to drive high.

Lowering sodium intake reduces stroke risk. Stroke risk is highest among people with high blood pressure. Therefore, lower sodium diets help control high blood pressure. This is an example of:

Deductive reasoning

Which of the following statements is consistent with an internal locus of control?

During flu season, I wash my hands more often to avoid getting sick. I'm

dramatic relief (emotional arousal)

Express feelings about, or reacting emotionally to the behavior in question

A manual that increases knowledge of the health problem being addressed and provides possible solutions would be appropriate to help people with an external locus of control change their behavior.

False

A student who failed a course is likely to have a high internal locus of control regarding that outcome.

False

According to Attribution Theory, personal attributes are the basis of all behavior.

False

Attribution Theory came from the desire to understand the basis of success and failure.

False

In the Health Belief Model, the constructs of perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers together form the construct of perceived threat.

False

Perceived threat refers to the person's fear of dying from a disease.

False

Providing opportunities for people to be successful at a new behavior is an example of the Self-Efficacy Theory construct of somatic and emotional state.

False

The Attribution Theory construct of stability tells us that internal stable causes cannot be willfully changed.

False

The construct of perceived seriousness in the Health Belief Model explains that behavior cannot be changed unless the health issue is fatal.

False

The construct of stability in Attribution Theory refers to the extent to which the underlying cause of a behavior can be predicted.

False

The most effective way to increase self-efficacy is through vicarious learning

False

helping relationship

Having a support system for changing their unwanted, unhealthy behavior

Which of the following theories would be most appropriate to use as the basis for an intervention aimed at increasing safer sex practices among older adults in an effort to combat the idea that sexually transmitted diseases are a "young person's" problem?

Health belief model

Which of the following best illustrates the use of Self-Efficacy Theory to increase fruit and vegetable intake in XYZ community.

Hold vegetarian cooking classes at a local restaurant so residents can practice preparing new foods.

reinforcement management

Identifying rewards for maintaining the new behavior and punishment for not

Repeated observation of higher rates of injury among teen athletes during practices with minimal attention to safety equipment use and lower rates during games with maximum attention to safety equipment use leads to the conclusion that safety equipment prevents injury is an example of:

Inductive reasoning

Which of the following is an internal, stable cause of behavior?

Intellect

Theories at the ___________level focus on the assumption that other people in our lives affect our health decisions and thus, our health behavior.

Interpersonale

If you found that the health problem in a given population resulted from a lack of skill, which type of theory or model would be most appropriate to use?

Intrapersonal

The Theory of Reasoned Action explains behavior based on:

Intrapersonal factors

Which of the following is true of the Health Belief Model?

It is the most commonly used theory in health education and promotion.

Which of the following is true of the construct of "mastery experiences" in the Self-Efficacy Theory?

It is the most effective means by which to increase self-efficacy

Which of the following is an example of an internal, unstable cause of behavior?

Knowledge

self-reevaluation

Looking at self with and without the problem behavior and assess the differences in self-esteem.

Enviornment re-evaluation

Looking at the behavior in light of its impact or effecting in the physic environment

Which construct of the Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on past success engaging in a similar behavior?

Mastery experiences

Culture

Norms, or expected, accepted practices, values, and beliefs that are the foundation for behavior

Beliefs

One's own perception of what is true

Which of the following is consistent with using the Self-Efficacy Theory construct of vicarious learning to support behavior change among high school students with alcohol problems?

Peer support groups.

Which of the following best summarizes the concept of the Self-Efficacy Theory?

People will only attempt to do what they think they can do.

Which of the following Health Belief Model constructs explains that behavior change is influenced by the extent of expected positive results from the new behavior?

Perceived benefits

Of the following, which best demonstrates use of the Self-Efficacy Theory construct of verbal persuasion?

Physical education teachers give parents tips on how to encourage their children to be more physically active.

social liberation

Seeking options or alternatives that support the new behavior

According to the Health Belief Model, which of the following demonstrates a cue to action?

Sharing a post on Facebook about free flu vaccinations.

Which construct of Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on how we feel when we think about engaging in a particular behavior.

Somatic and emotional states

When a woman says she avoids going for a mammogram because the very thought of even being screened for breast cancer frightens her, which of the Self-Efficacy Theory constructs would explain this behavior?

Somatic or emotional state

Which of the following are constructs of the Attribution Theory? (select all that apply)

Stability Locus of Control Controllability

An example of the Attribution Theory construct of external locus of control to change behavior can be seen in which of the following?

Step 2 of the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous which states "We came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.

When people quit smoking because a health care provider asks them too, which Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior construct explains this behavior?

Subjective norms

Counter-conditioning

Substituting healthy behaviors and thoughts for unhealthy behaviors and thoughts

Of the following, which is consistent with behavior change for heart disease risk reduction based on increasing self-efficacy through mastery experiences?

Teaching people how to make heart healthy food choices and having them revamp their meals.

Skills

The ability to use knowledge

Which of the following demonstrates content on a flyer geared toward increasing the flu immunization rates of older adults, using the Health Belief Model construct of perceived susceptibility?

The age groups most at risk for contracting the flu

Which of the following demonstrates use of the Self Efficacy Theory construct of vicarious experiences to increase physical activity among older adults?

The county health department offers hikes led by a retired physical education teacher.

Self-efficacy is increased through vicarious learning if:

The person being observed is like the observer

Adolescents are more likely to resist smoking if they think their parents would be disappointed with them if they smoked. Using this as the basis, which of the following theories would be most appropriate to use in developing a smoking prevention intervention?

Theory of Reasoned Action

Which of the following theories would be consistent with addressing the issue of student alcohol use by forming a club for students who don't drink so they can support each other's decision not to drink.

Theory of Reasoned Action

Which of the following best exemplifies people with high levels of self-efficacy?

They approach a difficult task as a challenge to be overcome, rather than avoided.

Values

Things people hold in high regard, things that are important to them

Education

This is one of the best predictors of health status

According to Attribution Theory, it's important to identify behavioral causes at the individual level because the same behavior may result from different causes for different people.

True

According to the Health Belief Model, benefits have to outweigh barriers in order for behavior to change.

True

According to the construct of volitional control, if engaging in a behavior is perceived as being easy, then the likelihood of engaging in the behavior is greater.

True

Attitude toward a behavior affects intention to engage in the behavior.

True

Attribution Theory explains that in order to change behavior the cause of the behavior must be known.

True

Behavioral control is determined by a set of beliefs the person has that help or hinder performance of the behavior.

True

If the cause of a behavior is known, then the cause can be avoided and the behavior changed.

True

Instruction from a physician is more successful in changing behavior of people with an external locus of control than in people with an internal locus of control

True

Perceived susceptibility in the Health Belief Model explains that behavior is the result of individual belief in risk to a specific health issue.

True

Which of the following best explains why when using the Health Belief Model, focusing on increasing perception of seriousness may not result in a behavior change?

Unless people believe a disease is serious and that they are at risk of getting it, chances are they won't change their behavior.

Which construct of the Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on observing the success or failure of others who are similar to us?

Vicarious experiences

Which of the following statements is consistent with an external locus of control?

Whether I wear a seat belt or not, if I was meant to die in a car accident, I will.

Theories are used as the basis for public health programs or interventions because they provide:

a possible explanation for health behavior

The Health Belief Model construct of perceived barriers refers to:

any rule or regulation that may interfere with changing behavior.

Which of the following is the construct of the Theory of Reasoned Action that explains behavior based on a series of beliefs?

attitude toward the behavior

The underlying concept of Attribution Theory is that:

behavior has a cause or explanation for why it happened.

When using community level theories, behavior change is predicated on:

changing factors within social systems.

Theories

come from a need to solve a problem.

Changing the legal limit for a DUI arrest would be consistent with which theoretical level of intervention?

community

The difference between the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is that the TPB:

contains the construct of behavioral control, the TRA does not.

Self-liberation

freeing oneself from a behavior you no longer choose to engage in

Attribution Theory would be a reasonable foundation for behavior change interventions that aim to:

identify causes of unhealthy behavior and target them.

The underlying concept of the Health Belief Model explains that behavior results from:

individual beliefs and perceptions.

The construct of behavioral control in the Theory of Planned Behavior explains behavior based on which of the following:

individual perception of how easy or difficult it is to do something.

consciousness raising

obtain information about self and the problem behavior

Which of the following reflects the construct of volitional control in the Theory of Reasoned Action?

regular use of sunscreen

stimulus control

remove the cues or triggers for the problem behavior from the environment

Which of the following is the construct of the Theory of Reasoned Action that explains behavior based on what we think others expect of us?

subjective norms

A theory construct ?

the idea upon which the theory is based

The concept of a theory is?

the idea upon which the theory is based

The Health Belief Model was first developed in response to:

the need to understand why people were not accessing free screenings

According to the construct of mastery experiences in Self-Efficacy Theory, attempting new behavior is more likely if:

the new behavior is similar to something already done well.

The perception of threat in the Health Belief Model refers to:

the perception of disease seriousness in combination with susceptibility.

According to the Self-Efficacy Theory construct of somatic and emotional states, attempting new behavior is more likely to occur if

thinking about it is associated with a pleasurable experience

According to the Self-Efficacy Theory construct of somatic and emotional states, self-efficacy is affected when

thought of the new behavior triggers a physical or psychological reaction

According to the Attribution Theory construct of controllability,

undesirable health outcomes viewed by others as having controllable causes, lead to blame and stereotyping.

Which construct of Self-Efficacy Theory would you use to explain behavior based on the support we get from others.

verbal persuasion

____________ is the construct of the Theory of Reasoned Action that explains behavior based on our ability to do something at will?

volitional control

Theories are used as the basis for behavior change interventions because they identify

why people do what they do