Health chapter 20

carcinogen

A cancer-causing substance

Carbon monoxide

A colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas

Cost to individuals

A person smoking one pack of ciga- rettes a day will spend about $1,500 a year on the habit.

Respiratory system

Coughing or "smokers hack" Chronic bronchitis emphysema lung cancer

Users have bad breath, yellowed teeth, and smelly hair, skin, and clothes (short term effect)

If tobacco use continues for any length of time, these unattractive effects can become permanent.

Tobacco legislation

In 1998, tobacco companies and 46 states reached a legal settlement that restricts tobacco advertising aimed at young people. Tobacco companies are required to fund ads that discour- age young people from smoking. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to purchase tobacco products in the United States.

Health risks.

More teens understand that tobacco use can lead to diseases, such as health disease, cancer, and respiratory problems

Which physical response is NOT caused by nicotine?

Reduced oxygen in the blood

Legal consequences

Selling tobacco products to individuals under the age of 18 is illegal. Using tobacco products on school property may lead to suspension or expulsion.

Why do people who are trying to quit tobacco experience physical symptoms such as irritability and anxiety?

They are experiencing nicotine withdrawal

Teens who use tobacco give these reasons for quitting:

They begin to have health problems, such as asthma, coughing, or respiratory infections. • They realize the high cost of tobacco or find it difficult to purchase tobacco products ifthey are under 18. • They realize that using tobacco can lead to other risky behaviors, such as the use of alcohol and other drugs. • They understand the damaging effects of secondhand smoke and do not want to harm others. • They feel more powerful because they are not controlled by an addiction to nicotine.

How can using tobacco impact the social life of a user?

They smell like smoke

Which of the following is a reason that a teen tobacco user should quit the habit?

They will experience health problems

What can happen if a pregnant woman smokes?

This increases the risk of impaired fetal growth, spontaneous miscarriage and prena- tal death, premature delivery, low birth weight, deformities, and stillbirths. The infant may also suffer from growth and developmental problems during early childhood.

factors contribute to why kids don't smoke (5)

Tobacco legislation No-smoking policies. Family values Positive peer pressure Health risks

Taste buds are dulled and appetite is reduced (short term effect)

Tobacco users often lose much of their ability to enjoy food.

Costs to society

Tobacco-related illnesses cost the United States about $165 billion each year. Productivity suffers when smokers call in sick due to tobacco-related illnesses.

Circulatory system

Increased heart ate and blood pressure Hardened arteries, decreased blood flow Heart attack, stroke

Which of the following is a way that tobacco use immediately affects the body?

Increased heart rate

Which of the following are ways that tobacco harms the cardiovascular system?

Increased heart rate, hardened arteries, increased risk of heart attack

How does nicotine cause an increased risk of stroke?

It can reduce blood flow

No-smoking policies.

Legislation has limited smoking in public places and busi- nesses.

addictive drug

a substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence

tar

a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns

ETS can cause

eye irritation, headaches, ear infections, and coughing in people of all ages

A weakened immune system (long term)

from long-term tobacco use makes the body more vulnerable to disease.

Emphysema (long term)

is a disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs. The air sacs become less elastic, making it more difficult for the lungs to absorb oxygen. A person with advanced emphysema uses up to 80 percent of his or her energy just to breathe.

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS),

or secondhand smoke, is air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke

Which is a strategy to keep you from becoming a tobacco user?

practicing refusal statements

nicotine

the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves

Nicotine withdrawal

the process that occurs in the body when nicotine, an addictive drug, is no longer used.

mainstream smoke

the smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker,

sidestream smoke

the smoke from the burning end ofa cigarette, pipe, or cigar.

Healthy People 2010

to reduce tobacco use and the number of tobacco-related deaths.

smokeless tobacco

tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed

Deaths of chronic lung cancer annually

90,600

Deaths of lung cancer annually

123,800

Death of strokes annually

17,400

Deaths of other cancers annually

34,700

Deaths of other diagnoses annually

84,600

Death of coronary heart disease annually

86,800

Nervous system

Addiction Stroke

Why do teens begin using tobacco?

Believe it will help with stress, make them mature, and movie influences.

Respiration and heart rate increase (short term effect)

Breathing during physical activity becomes difficult and endurance is decreased. Nicotine may cause an irregular heart rate

Excretory system

Cancer of the bladder Cancer of the kidneys

digestive system

Cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus Gum recession, tooth, decay, tooth loss Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Cancers of the stomach and pancreas

A(n) stimulant is a cancer-causing substance.

Carcinogen

Tobacco users can become addicted to the carbon monoxide in tobacco.

Nicotine

Is smokeless tobacco less harmful than cigarettes?

No because it still contains tobacco

Leukoplakia can develop into which condition?

Oral cancer

Strategies for avoiding tobacco

Surround yourself with positive influences Reduce peer pressure Be prepared with refusal skills

When tobacco burns, it produces a thick, sticky, dark fluid known as leukoplakia.

Tar

Positive peer pressure

Teens who do not smoke act as healthy role models for other teens.

Family values

Teens whose parents avoid tobacco use are more likely to avoid tobacco use themselves

Brain chemistry changes (short term effect)

The addictive properties ofnic- otine cause the body to crave more of the drug. The user may experience withdrawal symptoms, such as head- aches, nervousness, and trembling as soon as 30 minutes after the last tobacco use.

tobacco cessation program

a course that provides information and help to people who want to stop using tobacco

stimulant

a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs

Infected Babies can also get

asthma attacks, ear infections, or respiratory tract infections.

Chronic bronchitis (long term)

at they are useless. This leads to a buildup of tar in the lungs, causing chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion.

Coronary heart disease and stroke (long term)

can be caused by nic- otine. Nicotine constricts blood vessels, which cuts down blood flow to the body's limbs. Nicotine also contributes to plaque buildup in the blood vessels, which can lead ~ READINGCHECK Describe Name two ways in which the health of long-term tobacco users will suffer. to hardened arteries, a condition called arteriosclerosis. Arteries may become clogged, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. The risk of developing heart disease is greater for smokers than for nonsmokers.

Lung cancer (long term)

can develop when the cilia in the bronchi are destroyed, and extra mucus cannot be expelled. Can- cerous cells can multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs. Nearly 90 percent oflung cancer deaths are caused by smoking.

nicotine substitutes

products that deliver small amounts of nicotine into the user's system while he or she is trying to give up the tobacco habit.

SIDS

sudden infant death syndrome

leukoplakia

white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek

Short-Term Effects (4)

• Brain chemistry changes • Respiration and heart rate increase •Taste buds are dulled and appetite is reduced •Users have bad breath, yellowed teeth, and smelly hair, skin, and clothes

Health risks of young children

• Children of smokers tend to have a higher incidence of sore throats, ear infections, and upper respiratory problems than children of nonsmokers. • Secondhand smoke can slow lung development. Children who live with smokers are more likely to have weaker lungs than children of nonsmokers.

Long term effects (5)

• Chronic bronchitis • Emphysema • Lung cancer • Coronary heart disease and stroke • A weakened immune system

Making the decision to avoid the use of tobacco products will safeguard your health (3)

•Costs to society •Cost to individuals • Legal consequences