health chapter 25
What happens to the number of virus and number of t-cells when HIV invades the immune system
# of virus increases, # of t-cells decreases
how long does the early HIV infection stage last
1 week to 1 month
How does HIV invades the immune system causing it to become less capable of fighting infections and cancer
1) HIV attaches to cell surface 2) virus core enters cell and goes to the nucleus 3) virus makes a copy of its genetic material 4) new virus assembles at cell surface 5) new virus breaks away from the host cell
Avoiding harmful behaviora
Abstinence
Why is the EIA sometimes inaccurate
Antibodies take time to develop, there aren't enough antibodies for the test to develop making a false negative result, certain health conditions give a false positive result
What cells are affected during the latter stages of HIV infection
Brain cells
What are two tests used to determine the presence of HIV infection
EIA test and Western blot test
How are brain cells affected during the latter stages of HIV infection
HIV attacks brain cells, causing difficulty in thinking and remembering
What is AIDS officially defined as
HIV infection and one or more opportunistic infections
Why is more progress not being made in the control of AIDS
HIV infects the cells that regulate the immune system, several new strains of the virus have emerged since it was first discovered
Condition in which an individual is unable to conceive or has difficulty with conceiving a child
Infertility
What does the EIA test do
Screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood
Bacterial STD that attacks many parts of the body, caused by a bacterium called a spirochete
Syphilis
What does AIDS stand for
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
what is HIV not transmitted by
air, casual contact, food, hard surfaces
What is HIV transmitted by
blood, breast milk, semen, vaginal secretions
what are the four human body fluids that are known to transmit HIV from an infected person to an uninfected person
blood, semen, breast milk, vaginal secretions
What are two common opportunistic illnesses associated with AIDS
cancer and pneumonia
during the late 1990s, did the number of new cases of AIDS increase or decrease in the US population as a whole
decrease
What are the four stages of HIV infection
early HIV infection, asymptomatic stage, symptomatic stage, AIDS
What is the early HIV infection stage characterized by
flu-like illness/symptoms
What are opportunistic infections
infections that occur in individuals who do not have healthy immune systems
Why is HIV a progressive infection
it destroys the cells of the immune system over time
what effect does abstinence from sexual activity have on the risk of contracting HIV infection
it greatly reduces the risk
What happens about 3-6 weeks after becoming infected with HIV
most develop flu-like symptoms
What is the asymptomatic stage characterized by
no symptoms
What is the official definition of AIDS
presence of HIV infection, severely damaged immune system, one or more opportunistic infections
What are three high risk behaviors or situations that increase the risk of HIV infection
sexual intercourse, sharing needles, mother to baby
What is the symptomatic stage characterized by
swollen glands and weight loss
How is the symptomatic stage differ from the asymptomatic stage
symptomatic- symptoms, shorter asymptomatic- no symptoms, longer
What happens to the immune system during the asymptomatic stage of HIV
the immune system keeps pace with the virus by producing billions of new cells
How is the risk of HIV infection related to the number of people with whom a person is or has been sexually active
the risks increase when the number of people the person has been sexually active with increases
what are three ways a pregnant female who is infected with HIV can pass the virus to her baby
through the umbilical cord, during delivery, breast feeding
Disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened
AIDS
How many people worldwide were estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS in 2002
40 million
How many new people were estimated to be infected with HIV in 2002
5 million
How long does the asymptomatic stage of an HIV infection last
6 months to 10 years
how long does the asymptomatic stage last
6 months to 10 years+
What is the western blot test
A confirmation test after the EIA
What does pandemic mean
A global outbreak of infectious disease
Occurrence of diseases in which many people in the same place at the same time are affected
Epidemic
STD caused by HSV
Genital herpes
Bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes
Gonorrhea
Virus that attacks the immune system
HIV
what virus causes aids
HIV
Why is there still a need for HIV prevention even though the number of newly reported AIDS cases in the industrialized world is decreasing
No cure; the combination of drug resistance and high risk behaviors could result in HIV strains that are transmitted and spread even more widely
A global outbreak of infectious disease
Pandemic
