Health Disparities Final Exam Quizzes 7-10
According to Mohatt and colleagues (2014), to what group was the concept "historical trauma" first applied? A. Armenian refugees B. Children of Holocaust survivors C. Palestinian youth D. Japanese American children of those sent to U.S. internment camps E. Indigenous Australians
B
What best describes the prevalence of diabetes among American Indians over time? A. Diabetes prevalence has decreased rapidly across American Indian history. B. Diabetes prevalence has increased rapidly across American Indian history. C. Diabetes has traditionally had a high prevalence across American Indian history.
B
Which best describes race/Hispanic origin and gender trends in suicide? A. None of these B. Regardless of gender, American Indians/Alaska Natives have the highest rates of suicide. C. Although American Indian/Alaska Native men have the highest risk of suicide among men, non-Hispanic White women have higher suicide rates than American Indian/Alaska Native women. D. All of these E. Regardless of gender, non-Hispanic Whites have the highest rates of suicide.
B
According to the "Immigration Myths and Facts: Behind the Fallacies" reading, why would the U.S. workforce shrink without immigration? A. Declining labor force participation B. Low fertility rate of native-born Americans C. Baby boomers are approaching retirement age D. All of these
D
Among Hispanic/Latino immigrants, which is the most commonly reported reason for migrating to the United States? A. Family reasons B. Economic reasons C. Conflict/persecution in one's home country D. Educational opportunities E. None of these
Economic Reasons
People who originate in any South American country would be considered "Hispanic or Latino" in the United States. True False
False
The U.S. government has kept virtually all the promises made to American Indians in the form of treaties. A. True B. False
False
The concept of historical trauma only applies to the generation that experienced the event directly. True or False?
False
The majority of American Indians currently live on reservations. True or false
False
The term "American Indians" only refers to those indigenous to North America, not South or Central America. True or False?
False
The largest proportion of Cubans live in which state? A. California B. Texas C. None of these D. Arizona E. New York F. Florida
Florida
According to the "Health of Hispanic Adults: United States, 2010-2014" reading, Hispanic adults were more likely (than non-Hispanic adults) to report being in fair or poor health. True False
TRUE
Almost 1/2 of motor vehicle deaths among American Indians/Alaska Natives are due to alcohol impairment A. True B. False
TRUE
Data reliability hypothesis is better at explaining the Hispanic mortality paradox than the "salmon bias" hypothesis. True False
TRUE
Hispanics/Latinos tie for the lowest rate of health insurance coverage. True False
TRUE
Housing shortage is a major problem on American Indian reservations. A. True B. False
TRUE
Many Hispanics/Latino immigrants often endorse the "American Dream" that you can get ahead in society through hard work. True False
TRUE
The "immigrant paradox" refers to the finding that immigrants who were born elsewhere and migrate to the United States exhibit better health than their same-race/ethnic counterparts who were born in the United States. True False
TRUE
The American Indian/Alaska Native population comprises less than 2% of the overall U.S. population. A. True B. False
TRUE
The construction of dams stopped the flow of the Gila River to American Indians in the West A. False B. True
True
The health of Hispanic immigrants tends to deteriorate over time, as they spend more time in the United States. True False
True
Of the choices below, which racial category are Hispanics/Latinos most likely to endorse on the U.S. Census? A. White B. Indigenous C. Black/African American D. None of these
White
Which is the highest level of citizenship? A. Unauthorized migrant B. Eligible immigrant C. Naturalized citizen D. Legal temporary migrant E. None of these F. Legal permanent resident
naturalized citizens
According to the "Seven Major Immigration Myths Debunked" reading, undocumented immigration slows down and nearly stops during recessions when there is less demand for labor. True False
true
Only about one-quarter (24%) of Hispanics/Latinos identify using the "Hispanic/Latino" label. True False
true
American Indian/Alaska Native women have the highest rate of homicide deaths among all women. true or false
False
(check all that apply) Hispanics/Latinos rank 2nd in terms of years of potential life lost for which conditions? A. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis B. Homicide C. None of these D. Diabetes
A
According to the "Health of Hispanic Adults: United States, 2010-2014" reading, which Hispanic subgroup tends to have the worst health? A. Puerto Ricans B. Central and South Americans C. Cubans D. Mexicans
A
How do age-specific mortality rates (across the life course) for American Indians/Alaska Natives compare to the age-specific mortality rates for non-Hispanic Blacks? A. Mortality rates are always lower among American Indians/Alaska Natives than non-Hispanic Blacks. B. Mortality rates are always higher among American Indians/Alaska Natives than non-Hispanic Blacks. C. None of these D. American Indians/Alaska Natives have similar mortality rates as non-Hispanic Blacks.
A
In "Unnatural Causes - Bad Sugar," which of the following factors did the physician wish he could prescribe (to stop the spread of diabetes among the Pima Indians)? A. Affluence B. None of these C. Exercise D. All of these E. Better employment opportunities F. Diet
A
Which best explains the healthy migrant argument for the Hispanic mortality paradox? A. Healthy migrants are more likely (than less healthy migrants) to be able to migrate to the U.S., which contributes to the better health of the Hispanic population in the United States. B. Migrants come to the U.S. to acquire health care so they become healthier when they arrive here. C. None of these - there is no association between migration and health status.
A
Which best explains the salmon bias for the Hispanic mortality paradox? A. Like salmon, Hispanic immigrants living in the U.S. often return to their home countries to die, which artificially UNDERESTIMATES their mortality rates here. B. Like salmon, Hispanic immigrants living in the U.S. often return to their home countries to die, which artificially OVERESTIMATES their mortality rates in the United States. C. Salmon have a long life span, like Hispanics/Latinos. D. None of these E. Salmon die prematurely, like Hispanics/Latinos.
A
Which of the following cause(s) of death are important/somewhat unique causes of death that are specific to BOTH Latino men and Latina women? A. Liver disease and cirrhosis B. Homicide C. Accidents D. Respiratory Disease E. Diabetes
A
Which of the following statements is most true? A. Most American Indians currently live OUTSIDE OF reservations because of legislation promoting their assimilation to urban areas. B. Most American Indians currently live ON reservations because job opportunities are more abundant there. C. Most American Indians currently live ON reservations because they receive tax breaks to do so. D. Most American Indians currently live OUTSIDE OF reservations because they want to reject their culture and assimilate to American culture.
A
Which of these states has the highest rate of gun ownership? A. Alaska B. West Virginia C. Alabama D. None of these E. Idaho
A
Which race/Hispanic origin group has the highest rate of current cigarette smoking? A. American Indians/Alaska Natives B. None of these C. Non-Hispanic Blacks D. Asians E. Non-Hispanic Whites F. Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders G. HIspanics/Latinos
A
The Hispanic Mortality Paradox refers to the fact that Hispanics have lower mortality rates than which group(s)? A. The U.S. population as a whole B. Non-Hispanic Whites C. All of these D. Asians or Pacific Islanders E. None of these
A & B
(check all that apply) Hispanics/Latinos have lower age-specific death rates across the life course relative to which groups? A. Non-Hispanic Blacks B. Asians/Pacific Islanders C. All of these D. Non-Hispanic Whites
A & D
In which two states (almost half) of Hispanics live? A. Texas B. California C. Georgia D. Florida E. None of these F. New York
A and B
Which of the following were major consequences of the loss of the Gila River? (check all that apply) A. American Indians became dependent on the government food commodity program. B. Rates of diabetes spiked among American Indians. C. American Indians became hunters instead of farmers. D. None of these E. American Indians were no longer able to grow their own food.
A,B,E
In which region of the country do most Puerto Ricans live? A. Northeast B. South C. None of these D. Southwest E. Midwest
A. northeast
According to the "Who is Latino?" reading, people from which of the following places would be considered Hispanic? (check all that apply) A. Peru B. Spain C. Portugal D. Puerto Rico E. Cuba
A.B.D.E
Which race/Hispanic origin group has the highest rate of age-adjusted death rates due to accidental deaths (i.e., unintentional injuries)? A. Asians/Pacific Islanders B. American Indians/Alaska Natives C. Non-Hispanic Whites D. Non-Hispanic Blacks E. Hispanics/Latinos F. None of these
B
Please look at the "Mortality Disparity Rates" slide. American Indians/Alaska Natives have higher mortality rates due to which of the following causes? (check all that apply) A. All of these B. Alcohol-related causes C. Suicide D. Diabetes E. Breast cancer F. HIV G. Homicide
B, C, D, G
Which is the most important commonality between American Indians and Alaska Natives? A.None of these B. They are both indigenous American populations. C. They experience similar rates of racial discrimination. D. They reside in the same geographic regions. E. They are both highly unlikely to live subsistence lifestyles.
B.
Where do Hispanic/Latino men and women rank in terms of HIV rates? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th
B. 2ND
According to the "Immigration Myths and Facts: Behind the Fallacies" reading, immigrants have skills at the _____ of the skills spectrum. A. Low end B. Low end and middle C. Very high and very low ends D. Middle E. High end
C
How do the age-specific mortality rates for American Indians/Alaska Natives (across the life course) compare to the age-specific mortality rates of Asians/Pacific Islanders? A. American Indians/Alaska Natives have similar mortality rates as Asians/Pacific Islanders. B. None of these C. American Indians/Alaska Natives have HIGHER mortality rates than Asians/Pacific Islanders for almost all age groups D. American Indians/Alaska Natives have LOWER mortality rates than Asians/Pacific Islanders for almost all age groups.
C
What best explains how the government food commodity program affected the health of American Indians? A. The program did not change health outcomes among American Indians. B. None of these C. The program led to poorer health outcomes (including higher diabetes prevalence) among American Indians. D. The program drastically improved health outcomes (including lower diabetes prevalence) among American Indians.
C
Which best explains the data reliability hypothesis for the Hispanic mortality paradox? A. Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified by physicians, medical examiners, and/or funeral homes, which leads to an OVERCOUNT of their mortality rates. In other words, deaths in other groups are often misclassified as Hispanic. B. Hispanics/Latinos are sometimes confused about which categories to select on the Census. C. Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified by physicians, medical examiners, and/or funeral homes, which leads to an UNDERCOUNT of their mortality rates. In other words, Hispanic/Latino deaths are often misclassified as White. D. The racial/ethnic classification for Hispanic/Latino deaths is far more accurate than the classification of other race/ethnic groups.
C
Which factor accounted for the loss of the Gila River among the Pima Indians? A. contaminated soil B. severe drought C. the construction of the Coolidge Dam D. none of these E. construction of housing on the land through which the Gila River formerly ran
C
Which term is defined as "a complex and collective trauma experienced over time and across generations by a group of people who share an identity, affiliation, or circumstance"? A. Genocide B. Mortality crossover C. Historical trauma D. Cultural oppression E. Soul wounding
C
How would you characterize race/Hispanic origin and gender differences in rates of current smoking? A. None of these B. The largest gender gap in smoking can be found among American Indians/Alaska Natives. C. The gender gap in smoking is similar among all race/ethnic groups. D. The smallest gender gap in smoking can be found among American Indians/Alaska Natives.
D
Leonard Syme, an epidemiologist at UC-Berkeley, stated that African Americans and Native Americans (among other groups) "....have totally different histories. They are all different populations, and yet they all have the same manifestation...what's going on? What's the common denominator?" What is the common denominator that causes high rates of diabetes for both of these groups? A. Similar genetic predispositions B. None of these C. High rates of alcoholism D. Being dispossessed over their land and losing major parts of their cultures E. All of these
D
Which of these factors predict that the Hispanic mortality will persist (that is, that it will NOT dissipate)? In other words, why might the Hispanic survival advantage continue over time? A. Immigration-related health declines B. High levels of acculturative stress C. High disability rates D. Lower smoking rates/smoking-attributable mortality among Hispanics E. High rates of obesity and diabetes
D
In which region of the country do most American Indians/Alaska Natives live? A. Northeast B. South C. Midwest D. West
D west
Between 2010 and 2050, the Hispanic/Latino population is expected to: A. Decrease by roughly 10% B. Remain the same C. Roughly triple in size D. Roughly double in size
D. double in size
Which race/Hispanic origin group has the youngest median age in the United States? A. Asian Americans B. American Indians/Alaska Natives C. Non-Hispanic Blacks D. Non-Hispanic Whites E. Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders F. Hispanics/Latinos
F
According to the "Seven Major Immigration Myths Debunked" reading, which of the following taxes do many immigrants pay? A. Local taxes B. Social Security taxes C. None of these D. Real estate taxes E. Sales taxes F. All of these
F. all of dem
According to the "Age-Adjusted Rates of U.S. Mortality" chart, Hispanics/Latinos have both lower overall mortality rates AND lower mortality rates for all other major health conditions (e.g., diabetes, liver cancer, cervical cancer, HIV, and homicide), relative to the U.S. population. Put another way, is this statement true or false? Hispanics have lower mortality and lower morbidity than the U.S. population as a whole.
FALSE
Hispanics/Latinos who are born in the United States have better health than foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos. True False
FALSE
Regardless of how long they live in the U.S., foreign-born Hispanic immigrants retain their mortality advantage over U.S.-born Hispanics. True False
FALSE
There is strong empirical evidence for the salmon bias theory to explain the Hispanic mortality paradox. True False
FALSE
According to the "Immigration Myths and Facts: Behind the Fallacies" reading, low-skilled immigrants are perfect substitutes for low-skilled natives. True False
False
According to the "Who is Latino?" reading, the term "Hispanic" originated in Central America. True False
False
Which is the second largest subgroup of Hispanics living in the United States? A. Puerto Ricans B. None of these C. Cubans D. Mexicans E. Dominicans
Puerto Ricans
According to the "Who is Latino?" reading, which of the following Latino groups is close to taking a spot in the top three Latino groups in the country? A. Brazilians B. Argentinians C. Peruvians D. Salvadorans
Salvadorians
Almost 1/4 of Hispanics/Latinos live at or below the poverty line. True False
True
American Indians/Alaska Natives have the highest poverty rate of all race/Hispanic origin groups True/ False
True
Approximately 48% of Hispanics who are in the third or higher immigrant generation identify as an American (not by country of origin or the Hispanic/Latino label). true/false
True
Based on the "Homicide Rates per 100,000" slide, by American Indian/Alaska Native men have the 2nd highest rate of homicide deaths among all men (behind Black men). True/ False?
True
Large parts of the southwestern U.S. used to be former Mexican territory. True False
True
Liver disease and cirrhosis are important public health problems for BOTH American Indian men and women. A. True B. False
True
Suicide is an important public health problem for American Indians/Alaska Natives. A. False B. True
True
The U.S. Census Bureau will likely combine the race and Hispanic origin questions into a single question on the 2020 Census. True False
True
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is only an important public health problem for American Indian/Alaska Native men (not women). true/ false
false
Higher SES Hispanics are less likely to identify as being "a typical American" than lower SES Hispanics. True False ?
false
More than half of Hispanics/Latinos self-identify using the term "Hispanic" rather than their country of origin. True False
false
The Gila River has never been returned to the Pima Indians. True/False?
false
The government food commodity program offered to American Indians features healthy food. true or false
false